IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-14 ~ Issue-9 ~ Sep. 2020

Abstract: This research investigates the assimilation ofmicropastics (MPs) and bacteria associated with internal organs of wild Mullet (Liza grandisquamis)harvested from Ohiakwo estuary. The bacterial quality wasevaluated using standard microbiological and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses. The adult mullet samples used have supposedly acclimatized to the biogeochemical, stress and plastisphere ecology of theaquatic ecosystems. Bacterial group counts (BGCs) among the organs (gill, intestine and tissue) was high (107-108 CFU/g) but varied slightly with the highest been total coliform counts, 2.33x108CFU/g.The bacteria associated were identified from culture-dependent molecular techniquewith accession numbers asStaphylococcus epidermidis........

Key words: Microplastic, accession numbers, mullet, FTIR spectroscopy, food security

[1]. Hitchcock, J.N. and Mitrovic, S.M. Microplastic pollution in estuariesacross a gradient of human impact. Environ Pollut., 2019. 247:457-466.
[2]. De-la-Torre. G.E. Microplastics: an emerging threat to food security and human Health. J Food Sci Technol., 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-019-04138-1.
[3]. Rivard, C., Moens, L., Roberts, K., Brigham, J. and Kelley, S. Starch esters as biodegradable plastics: effect of ester group chain length and degree of substitution on anaerobic biodegradation. Enzyme Microb. Tech., 1995;17:848–852.
[4]. Espinosa, C.M., Blanco, A.C., Schmidga, T., Atanasoff-Kardjalieff, A.K., Kappelmeyer, U., Tischler, D., Pieper, D.H., Heipieper, H.J. and Eberlein, C. Toward Biorecycling: Isolation of a Soil Bacterium That Grows on a Polyurethane Oligomer and Monomer. Frontiers in Microbiol., 2020; 11, 404.
[5]. Andrady, A.L. The plastic in microplastics: a review. Mar Pollut Bull., 2017;119:12-22.
[6]. Galloway, T.S., Cole, M., Lewis, C., Atkinson, A. and Allen, J.I. Interactions of microplastic debris throughout the marine ecosystem. Nat. Ecol. Evol., 2017; 1, 116.

Abstract: The need to feed the increasing human population has led to the use of agrochemicals to boost agriculture. The after effect of washing off these chemicals to water ways would reduce the quality of water and ultimately compromise the health of the aquatic animals.The lethality of different concentrations of Sharpshooter on Clariasgariepinus juveniles was studied for a period of 96hours.Evaluation of the water quality, acute toxicity, the 96hours LC50of sharpshooter and the behavioural response of fishes exposed randomly to different concentrations of 0.022, 0.036 and 0.044 mg/L respectively were made using Standard methods.The sub-lethal concentration of 0.014 and 0.036 mg/L were determined based on the 96 hours LC50.The hepatosomatic index (HSI)was also determined with standard.....

Key Word: Pesticide, toxicity, Sharpshooter, Clariasgariepinus, Water quality

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[4]. Todd,N.E. and Leuwen,M.V. (2002). Effect of Cararyl insecticide on early life stages of zebra fish, Danio rerio. Ecotoxicology Environmental Safety. 53:267-272
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Abstract: With the advent of globalization, urbanization and modernization the quality of environment is degrading at an alarming rate. Since the last two centuries we can observe drastic change in science and technology. With the advancement in science, the mankind is leading a more sophisticated life, however, at the cost of our environment. The ever rising population is putting forth new challenges and more demands in terms of natural resources (like water, food), employment, materials and equipments and many more. In order of meet these demands, we have constantly been exploiting nature. Due to intense interplay of social, economic and technological activities, the impact on our environment is now a topic of major concern. Because all the living creatures are a part of environment and any imbalance in the same......

Key Word: Globalization, Urbanization, Modernization, Global Warming, Greenhouse gases, Biotic components, Sustainable development, Ozone layer

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Abstract: The study was performed to investigate the ameliorative effect of guava fruit extract against arsenic trioxide induced genotoxicity or DNA damage. Arsenic has been the subject of toxicological research, the present study aims to study DNA damage caused by arsenic trioxide (3mg/kg.b.wt/day/animal)and its amelioration through guava fruit extract (23.5g/kg.b.wt/day/animal) in Swiss albino mice in in vivo condition using alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) / Comet assay. Result showed a significant increase in both tail length and olive tail moment in AT treated groupincomparision to control and guava treated group When tail length and OTM observed in the group fed concurrently with arsenic trioxide and guava fruit extract were 17.10 ± 2.6 and 3.78 ± 1.2 respectively. AT+G treated mice significantly decreased the AT induced increased tail length and OTM.

Key Word: single cell gel electrophoresis; Swiss albino mice; arsenic trioxide;guava;olive tail moment; tail length.

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Abstract: Based on oat flour and wheat flour as the main raw materials, the determination of convenient oat noodles by orthogonal test, sensory evaluation, and strip breaking rate are used. The method is as follows: the mixing ratio of oat flour and wheat flour is 4: 6, the amount of water added is 45%, and 8% egg white, 2% salt were added. Knead the dough and roll it 12 times. After the dough is cooked for 5 minutes, roll and cut into noodles with a length of 15 cm, a width of 0.4 cm and a thickness of 0.1 cm. Cook the noodles at 100℃ for 5 minutes, cool it down and drain, and dry with hot air to make a healthy, convenient and natural instant noodle.

Key Word: Naked oats noodles; Formula; Process optimization

[1]. Yang Dandan, Yu Haifeng. Nutritional Ingredients Analysis of Naked Oats and Naked Oats Vinegar[J]. China Condiments,2016,41(05):8-10,15.
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[3]. SU Chang, LIU Beini, LIN Qin. Extraction of β-Glucan from Hulless Oat[J]. Food Industry,2016,37(08):1-2.
[4]. CHI Huifang, HAN Yongxia, ZHA Lili. Research on the soluble dietary fiber process of extracting oat bran by enzymatic method[J]. Science & Technology Innovation,2017(30):116-117.
[5]. Liu Kun. The Medicinal and Health Care Value and Development Prospects of Shanxi Characteristic Grain Naked Oat [J]. Wheat Research,2008,29(2):28-36.

Abstract: The freshwater bivalves Lamellidens marginalis and Lamellidens corrianus were exposed to LC0 and LC50 values of 96 hrs with concentrations of 1.82 ppm for zinc chloride, 1.62 ppm for copper sulphate, 1.04 ppm for cadmium chloride and 0.687 ppm for mercuric chloride. The L. marginalis showed more amount of protein in LC0 than LC50 values of metal concentration during all seasons. In monsoon, the protein content compared with the zinc content it was more in copper than cadmium and mercury. These content compared to monsoon to respective metals the protein was increased except the cadmium, the more increased rate was from mercury followed by copper and zinc. While, the content compared with monsoon and winter of respective metals the content showed in LC0 bivalves more decreased in mercury.......

Key Word: Protein, heavy metals, L. marginalis, L. corrianus acute toxicity, seasons

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[4]. Hongwei Yan, Qi Li, Wenguang Liu, Ruihai Yu and Lingfeng Kong. Seasonal changes in reproductive activity and biochemical composition of the razor clam Sinonovacula constricta, Marine Biology Reseasrch 2008; 6,(1): 78-88.
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Abstract: The paper modelled and appraised the effect of contaminant concentration on the bioremediation of clay soil artificially polluted by diesel. This is achieved by preparing microcosms containing 50 g of clay soil, 4% w/w NPK fertilizer, deionized water and diesel in the range of 3-8% w/w. Samples were drawn and extracted for GC analysis and microbial viable count after every week. The results showed that there is low degradation in all samples. The degradation rate constants were low (0.0082 to 0.0243/day) leading to moderate half-life times (28.5-84.5 days). The kinetics model used was fitted to the experimental data and it has been found that highest degradation rate constant (0.0243/day) and the lowest half-life time were obtained at 5% w/w diesel concentration suggesting that the natural degradative microflora responsible for the observed degradation may acculturate and biodegrade higher contaminant at concentration higher than the concentration that yielded the highest degradation constant.

Key Word: Modelling, diesel, bioremediation, degradation, clay.

[1]. Abdulyekeen, K. A., I. M. Muhammad, S. O. Giwa, and S. Abdulsalam. "Kinetic Modelling and Error Analysis of the Bioremediation of Used Motor Oil Contaminated Soil Using Horse and Donkey Dung as Stimulants." BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN ACADEMIA AND INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA–REFOCUSING THE ENGINEERING: 48. [2]. Balseiro-Romero, M., Monterroso, C., Kidd, P. S., Lu-Chau, T. A., Gkorezis, P., Vangronsveld, J., &Casares, J. J. (2019). Modelling the ex situ bioremediation of diesel-contaminated soil in a slurry bioreactor using a hydrocarbon-degrading inoculant. Journal of environmental management, 246, 840-848. [3]. Biswas, B., Sarkar, B., Rusmin, R., & Naidu, R. (2017). Mild acid and alkali treated clay minerals enhance bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in long-term contaminated soil: A 14C-tracer study. Environmental Pollution, 223, 255-265. [4]. Clarkson, M. A., Abubakar, S. I., & Ahmed, N. (2019) Assessing the Capability of Indigenous Microorganisms in the Bioremediation of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soil. [5]. Elechi, O., Yelebe, Z. R., Oruabena, B., & Nelson, S. E. (2018). Comparative Study of Degradation Kinetics of Crude oil Contaminated Mangrove and Clay Soils. International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering, 4.

Abstract: Non-wood forest products (NWFPs) have a considerable contribution to the livelihood systems and local economies of rural and urban societies. This study attempted to provide information on the contribution of NWFPs into income of the rural livelihood and economic development in CentralDarfurState,Sudan.Householdsurveywasconductedusingstratifiedsamplingtechnique. TheQuestionnairecovereddifferentissuesrelatedtothehouseholdsocio-economiccharactersand NWFPs types. Both descriptive statistics and econometric model were used for data analysis. Multiple linear regressions were used to assess the impact of the socioeconomic factors on annualnet return from NWFPs earned by collector. The study showed that NWFPs contribution......

Keyword: Non-wood forest products, rural livelihood, annual net return, collector, socioeconomic

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[5]. Cavendish, W. (2000). Empirical regularities in the poverty-environment relationship of rural households: Evidence from Zimbabwe. World Development, 28(11):1979- 003.

Abstract: The study assessed the physicochemical quality and plankton biotypes of Nworie River in a southeastern state of Nigeria. Water and Plankton samples were collected from 3 points along the course of the river for two months (February and July) to represent the dry and rainy season samples respectively. Maximum results (Mean ±SE) obtained were as follows, pH: (8.20±0.18); Turbidity: (155.13±3.57)NTU; Nitrates: (66.11±4.23)mg/l, Phosphates: (122.85±1.74)mg/l, Total suspended Solids: (155±49.71)mg/l; Total Dissolved Solids: (81.74±2.78)mg/l and Dissolved Oxygen: (1.65±0.13)mg/l. Twenty six species of phytoplankton belonging to six classes, and 5 species of zooplankton belonging to three classes were identified. The order of abundance of phytoplankton taxa was Bacillariophyceae......

Keyword: Nworie River, Plankton, Diversity, Heavy metals, NESREA.

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Abstract: In the last decades, the population of Northern Vietnam increased significantly (Northern midlands and mountain areas and Red River Delta increased by 8.8% and 7.48%, respectively), which led to the increase in food demand, forcing the food industry to increase its products to meet the nutritional requirements. Pork products are highly consumed by the Vietnamese population because they are not only healthy but also cheap. To achieve increased production, more hog farms have been established. However, pig farms become a potential source of contaminants released into the environment surrounding the farms. It causes eutrophication in lakes, rivers, increase of greenhouse effect, crops pollution and other impacts we discuss in this paper. The research found out that the contaminating.....

Key words: pig farm, environment, pollution, policy, Vietnam

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