IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-15 ~ Issue-3 ~ March 2021

Abstract: In this work we propose the use of Fresnel lens to build a solar collector. We require to know the dimensions of mirrors to reflect light to the lens. We present the results of a c++-root based program to create a simple simulation of space required on the mirrors to achieve the reflection needed. The results show that dimensions of the mirror should be at least 0.85 x 1.8 m for a 2-lens array and dimensions of a parallelogram of 1.7x 1.5 m for a 3-lens proposal, both arrays show that mirrors should be put a distance of 0 m up to 2m to the lens. Background: In the needs of using renewable energy, it is important do design different methods to collect solar power. This project allows us to design geometrical properties of a solar collector using more than 1 Fresnel lens. Mexico is one country that have an advantage according to the geographical position for use of solar power.....

Key words: Solar furnace, Simulation, Solar prototype, Fresnel lens.

[1]. A. Abdurakhmanov, R. Yu. Akbarov, and Yu. B. Sobirov, "Analysis of Operating Characteristics of Various Smelting Furnaces on a Large Solar Furnace", Applied Solar Energy, Vol. 44, No. 1, Allerton Press, Inc., 2008, pp. 24–27.
[2]. A. Abdurakhmonov, M. A. Mamatkosimov, Yu. B. Sobirov, S. Sultanov, A. K. Yuldashev, K. A. Yuldashev, U. A. Rakhimova, "Study of Solar Radiation Stability of Modern Polymer Materials on a Large Solar Furnace", ISSN 0003-701X, Applied Solar Energy, Vol. 43, No. 3, Allerton Press, Inc. 2007, pp. 171–175.
[3]. Lewandowski, C. Bingham, J. O'Gallagher, R. Winston, D. Sagie, "Performance characterization of the SERI High-Flux Solar Furnace", Solar Energy Materials 24, North-Holland, 1991, pp. 550-563.
[4]. Neumann, U. Groer, "Experimentin with concentrated sunlight using the dlr solar furnace", Solar Energy Vol. 58, No. 4-6, Elsevier Science Ltd, Great Britain, 1996, pp. 181-190.
[5]. Li, F.A.C. Oliveira, J. Rodríguez, J.C. Fernandes, L.G. Rosa 2015, "Numerical and experimental study on improving temperature uniformity of solar furnaces for materials processing", Lisboa, Portugal, Portugal.

Abstract: Flooding has been identified as one of the global phenomenon that is threatening human race and the general physical environment in almost all nations of the world. The history of flood revealed that it has happened in developed and developing countries, in West Africa sub regions, the impact of flood is felt in all parts of the nations including Nigeria. In Nigeria, where the impact of flood is felt, in all the geopolitical zones, however, it is more prominent in southern Nigeria. The increase in spatial use of land is orchestrated by varied human activities for survival due to increase in population and unabated urbanization process. This is the remote cause in the marginal increase in the cause of flooding around the globe particularly in the developing countries of which Nigeria is one.....

[1]. Adebayo, W.O. and Jegede, A.O. (2010). The Environmental Impact of Flooding on Transportation Land use in Benin City, Nigeria, Africa: Research Review.
[2]. Adeleke, B.O. (1978). Urban and Rural Development in Nigeria, Lagos, Nigeria: Heinemann Press.
[3]. Akinbode, A. (2002). Introductory of Environmental Resources Management, Ibadan, Nigeria.
[4]. Butter, B. (2009). Ecological Balance: The Greater Goal of the Environmental Manager. Rochester, N.Y., USA: Rochester Institute of Technology.
[5]. Falade, J.B. (2003). The Urban and Regional process: The Old and New Paradigm. Paper presented on Continuing Development Programme (MCPDP) of the Nigeria Institute of Town Planners (NITP). Calabar, Asaba and Kaduna Nigeria

Abstract: Background: Chemicals do not exist in isolation in nature, but under certain conditions, may act jointly in a way that the overall level of toxicity is affected.Toxicity interaction of chemical mixtures have been widely reported and mathematically described to include a number of interactions such as synergism and antagonism; and in more complex models involving a mixture of homesis and synergism.Toxicity of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), 4-bromophenol (4-BP), 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) and phenol as single and quinary mixtures to Pseudomonas fluorescens using inhibition of dehydrogenase activity as toxicity response was assessed.....

Key words: Toxicity,antagonism, phenolic compound, mixtures and Pseudomonas fluorescens

[1]. Abdu, N., Abdullahi, A.A. &Abdulkadir, A. Heavy metals and soil microbes (2017). . Environ ChemLett15, 65–84.
[2]. Agarry, S. E. and Durojaiye, (2008). Microbial degradation: a review, International Journal of Environmental Pollution, 32, 12-28
[3]. Agarry, S. E., Solomon, B. O. and Layokun, S. K.(2008). Kinetics of batch microbial degradation of phenols by indigenous binary mixed culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas fluorescence.African Journal of Biotechnology, 7 (14), 2417-2423.
[4]. Altenburger, R., Nendza, M. and Rmann, G. S. U.(2003).Mixture toxicity and its modeling by quantitative structure–activity relationships. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 22, 1900–1915
[5]. Arutchelvan, V.; Kanakasabai, V.; Nagarajan, S.; Muralikrishnan, V. (2005).Isolation and identification of novel high strength phenol degrading bacterial strains from phenol-formaldehyde resin manufacturing industrial wastewater. J. Hazard. Mater., 127, 238–243.

Abstract: Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is an important cool season legume, grown in more than 70 countries around the world. Canada is the largest lentil producer, contributing nearly 41% of the global production (FAO, 2017). Lentil seeds are a rich source of proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, fibers and antioxidants (Roy et al., 2010). Disease such as Ascochyta blight is caused by Ascochyta Lentis Bond & vassil and wilt is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. Sp. Lentis play a major role in reducing lentil yield4.....

Key words: histochemical staining, F.oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani , Lens culinaris medic.

[1]. Bhargava, S.; Sharma, M.K. and Dashora, P.K. 2007. Histopathological and biochemical chages by root-knot nenatode, Meloidogyne incognita on resistant and susceptible cultivars of cowpea.J. Mycol. Pl. Pathol.37(1): 112-116.
[2]. Chapman, D.M. 1975. Dichromatism of bromophenol blue with an improvement in the mercuric bromophenol blue technique for protein. Stain Technol., 50: 25-30.
[3]. Chopra, B.L., Jhooty, J.S. and Bajaj, K.L. 1974. Biochemical differences between two varities of watermelon resistant and susceptible to Alternaria cucumerina.Phytopath. Z., 79: 47-52.
[4]. Das, A.K. and Mitra D.K. 1998. Some physiological chages associated with little leaf diseaseof brinjal. J. Mycol. Pl. Pathol. 28(3):355-357.
[5]. FAO (2017). FAOSTAT. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome. Available online at: http://faostat.fao.org

Abstract: Global climate change has actual severed impacts on world water resources. Numerous hydrological parameters and characteristics of the water resources systems may be influenced by global climate change. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC )estimations a global rise of average annual temperature of 0.8°C to 2.6°C by 2050 and it is expected that, with global warming, global mean sea levels may rise by between 7 and 36 cm by the 2050s, The water cycle will be intensified rapidly, with more evaporation and more precipitation and by 2025, it is predicted that around 5 billion people, out of a total population of around 8 billion will be living in countries experience water stress so finally the world will become a water stress planet in the universe. The current paper shows a review of impacts of climate change on water resources..

Key Word: Climate change, Water resources, Hydrological cycle, Sea level rise, IPCC

[1]. IPCC (1996) Climate Change 1995, the Science of Climate Change, Contribution of Working Group II to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
[2]. IPCC (2001) Climate Change 2001. Contribution of Working Group II to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
[3]. WWF-World Wild Life Foundation (2006) Report for a living planet. Global Footprint Network, Switzerland.
[4]. Reshmidevi, T., Kumar, D.N., Mehrotra, R., Sharma, A., 2018. Estimation of the climate change impact on a catchment water balance using an ensemble of GCMs. J. Hydrol. 556, 1192–1204.
[5]. Arshad, M., Amjath-Babu, T.S., Krupnik, T.J., et al., 2017. Climate variability and yield risk in South Asia's rice–wheat systems: emerging evidence from Pakistan [J]. Paddy Water Environ. 15 (2), 249–261.Jaishankar, M., Tseten, T., Anbalagan, N., Mathew, B.B. and Beeregowda, K.N., 2014. Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals. Interdisciplinary toxicology, 7(2), pp.60-72.

Abstract: Building ventilation is necessary and natural ventilation systems rely on pressure differences to move fresh air through buildings.Natural ventilation systems are usually integrated into building systems where there is some mechanical support; these are called mixed mode or hybrid ventilation buildings. It is a processof supplying fresh air and removing or diluting indoor pollution concentration. Buildings with well-designed natural ventilation systems often provide very comfortable and pleasant environments for the occupants. In general, the advantage of natural ventilation is its ability to provide a very high air change rate at low cost, with a very simple system. However, due to not much of air movement viawind driven in high density urban area, stack effect is seeming to......

Key Word: Natural Ventilation, Stack effect, Tropical Housing

[1]. Akadiri, P. O. (2015) "Understanding barriers affecting the selection of sustainable materials in building projects", Journal of Building Engineering, 4: 86-93.
[2]. Akadiri, P. O., Chinyio, E. A., Olomolaiye, P. O. (2012) "Design of a sustainable building: A conceptual framework for implementing sustainability in the building sector", Buildings, 2:126-152.
[3]. Almhafdy, A., Ibrahim, N., Ahmad, S. S., Yahya, J. (2013) "Courtyard Design Variants and Microclimate Performance", Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 101:170-180.
[4]. Amasyali, K., M. El-Gohary, N. (2016) "Energy-related values and satisfaction levels of residential and office building occupants", Building and Environment, 95: 251-263.
[5]. Bahadori, M. N., Dehghani-Sanij, A., and Sayigh, A. (2014): "Wind Towers: Architecture, Climate and Sustainability". Energy Renewal and Green Architecture.

Abstract: The effect of total hydrocarbon content (THC) levels on the growth and distribution of R. racemosa and N. fruticans in selected Niger Delta mangrove forest soil was evaluated in this study. Seasonal soil samples were collected from study plants growth dominated and non-growth stations, and analyzed for THC using the distillation method after extraction with soxhlet extraction apparatus. Findings showed the THC levels at R. racemosa (7.20±1.26-16.97±7.51mgkg-) and (11.06±0.45 - 24.70±8.50mgkg-), N fruticans (6.37±1.55-10.95±0.62 mgkg-) and (9.87 ± 1.28-15.17±2.76 mgkg-) growth dominated soils, while the non- growth soils showed (6.77±0.86-6126.33±195.59mgkg-) and (15.47± 4.37-8600.00±1038.58mgkg-) for wet and dry seasons respectively. The study also showed non-growth soil THC level >R. racemosa soil THC level >N. fruticans soil THC level. Findings on stations THC levels showed Bomu as the most impacted mangrove soil >Borokiri>Ogu>Kono study stations. Remediation of the impacted forest is recommended for healthy mangrove growth.

Key Word: Evaluation, Hydrocarbon, Growth, Distribution, Mangrove forest, Niger Delta

[1]. Akwiwu, C. D., Nwajiuba, C.U. andNnadi, F. N. (2002).Pollution and agro-forestry practices of farming in Imo State. Implications for house hold livelihood. Paper presented at 36th Annual Conference of the Agricultural Society of Nigeria held at Federal University of Technology,October 20-24, 2002 Owerri.
[2]. Amusan, A. A. and Adeniyi, I. F. (2005). Genetic classification and heavy metal retention potential of soils in mangrove forest, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Journal of Human Ecology,17(4): 255-261.
[3]. ANEEJ, (2004).Oil of poverty in the Niger Delta.A publication of African Network for Environment and Economic Justice.
[4]. Anyanwu, D. I. andTanee, F. B. G. (2008).Tolerance of cassava (Var. TMS 30572) to different concentrations of post- planting crude oil pollution.Nigerian Journal of Botany, 21:203-207.
[5]. Denys, S., Rollin, C., Guillot, F. and Baroudi, H. (2006). In-situ phytoremediation of PAHS Contaminated soils following a bioremediation treatment. Water, Air and soil pollution, 6: 299-315..

Abstract: Background: Lake Victoria basin is characterized by increased human and industrial activities due to high population density. Due to these activities, effluents containing heavy metals are discharged directly or indirectly onto land and in water bodies within the basin which are then ferried by river Nzoia into Port Victoria shoreline. Materials and Methods: In this study, bottom sediments being sinks for the heavy metals, were sampled and analyzed for heavy metal concentration using EDXRF and chemometric techniques; principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical......

Key Word: Heavy metal, EDXRF, Chemometrics, PCA, HCA

[1]. Narsmlu, B, Gosain, AK, Chahar, BR, Singh, SK and Srivastava, PK "SWAT model calibration and uncertainty analysis for stream flow prediction in the Kunwari River Basin, India, using sequential uncertainty fitting," J. of Envn. Proces., 2:79-95, 2015.
[2]. Kumar, N, Singh, SK, Sirvastava, PK, Narsmlu,B "SWAT model calibration and uncertainty analysis for stream flow prediction of the tons river basin, India, using sequential uncertainty fitting (SUF-2) algorithm," J. of Model. Earth. Syt. Environ, 3:1-13, 2017.
[3]. Wulan, SP, Thamrin, and Amin, B "Concentration, distribution and correlation between heavy metals Pb, Cr and Zn in water and sediments of Siak River waters near the harbor of Indah Kiat Pulp and Paper corporation,Perawang-Riau Province,"Pusat Penelitian Lingkungan Hidup, Universitas Riau, 21, 2013.
[4]. World Bank, "Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda: Lake Victoria Environmental Management Project," GEF Documentation Report No. 15541 – ARF, 1996.
[5]. Male, YT, Sunarti, and Nunumete, N "Analysis of lead (Pb) and Chromium (Cr) content in the roots of sea grass (Enhalus acoroides) in water of Waai and Tulehu Village Central Maluku regency," Ind. J. of Chem. Res, 1:65-71, 2014.