IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-15 ~ Issue-4 ~ April 2021

Abstract: The term irrigation is defined by different authors and by different universal references encyclopaedia as a process of providing more water for agricultural land than is naturally available. Also irrigated farming may be defined as the application of water, by human agency to assist the growth of crops and pasture (Carruthers and Clark, 1983). According to Koç (2018) define irrigation as the utilization of water being applied to the soil for assisting in the growing of crops. Irrigation is quite important for the World in general and it plays a crucial role in growth and development at local, national, and international levels Irrigation may also enable government exercise greater control over farmers cropping decisions through extension. Also it further expands the term as process which enables crops to be growth in dry area that would not naturally support agriculture......

[1]. Ahmed. E, Sulaiman. J & Mohd S. T (2013) Assessment and comparison of conventional and modern irrigation systems to manage irrigation water supplies in the River Nile State of Sudan available https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2013.808803
[2]. Ahmed. E, Sulaiman .J & Mohd .S (2013) Assessment of socioeconomic aspects in irrigation water use inefficiency in Sudan available from https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2013.808785
[3]. Akibile, C.O. and Sangodoyin, A.Y. (2011). Crop water use Responses of upland Rice to Differential water distribution under sprinkler irrigation system. Pacific J. Sci.
[4]. .Agula C. A, Mamudu .A A, Franklin N. M and Saa D (2018) Promoting ecosystem-friendly irrigation farm management practices for sustainable livelihoods in Africa: The Ghanaianexperience https://doi.org/10.1186/s40100-018-0109-1
[5]. Andrade, E.M., Paulo Cosenza, J., Pinguelli Rosa, L., Lacerda, G., (2012). The valuability of hydroelectric generation in Northeast Brazil. The environmental and business risks for CHESF. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews 16, 5760-5769. doi:10, 1016Ij.rser 2012. 06.028

Abstract: Flood disasters are among the most devastating disasters in many regions of the world in both developed and developing countries. The response and recovery to flood disasters are not prompt and effective in many developing countries of the world. This paper examines flood disaster response and recovery in Nigeria using the case study of July 2018 Jibia Flood disaster in Katsina State. Data for the study were generated through field visits conducted in 2018, 2019 and 2020 which was complemented by the useof focus group discussions on the issues of response to the disaster and recovery from the disaster. Findings show that several measures were adopted to search, rescue, and provide temporary shelter and relief materials to thelarge number of displaced persons. However, two years after the disaster the displaced persons have not been able to recover from the disaster......

Keywords: Disaster response, disaster recovery, floods, storm water, displaced persons.

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Abstract: This research gives an overview of the human adjustment strategies to flooding in Ndokwa East Local Government Area. This study examined the causes, effects and human adjustment techniques with a view to address effective floodplain management that can reduce vulnerability to damages and create a balance among natural and human uses of floodplains and their related watersheds to meet both social and environmental goals. Meteorological data (rainfall 1971-2012) collected from Nigeria Metrological Station (NIMET), Asaba, and complemented with participatory observation methods such as direct field observation and interview schedule through the use of questionnaire survey. The result of the findings shows that flooding was a serious seasonal environmental problem caused by abnormally high rainfall in 2012 which was 5% - 60% higher than the previous year's monthly rainfalls. This led to overflow.....

[1]. Abiodun, A.A 2012, Energy, Climate Change and Livestock. Nigerian Meteorological Society (NMetS) Proceedings of the 2012 Annual Conference on Climate Change and Variability-Saving our Tomorrow Today (5th -9th Nov., 2012)
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[3]. Abowei, J.F.N. and F.D. Sikoki, 2005. Water Pollution Management and Control,Double Trust Publications Co., Port Harcourt, pp: 236. In P.A. Bariweni, et al (2012) Some Environmental Effects of Flooding in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria, International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 1(1): 35-46, 2012 ISSN: 2049-8411; e-ISSN: 2049-842X
[4]. Adelye, A. and R. Rustum, 2011. Lagos (Nigeria) flooding and influence of urban planning. J. Urban Design and Planning (ICE), 164(3): 175-187. ISSN: 1755- 0793, E-ISSN: 1755-0807. In P.A. Bariweni, et al (2012) Some Environmental Effects of Flooding in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria, International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 1(1): 35-46, 2012 ISSN: 2049-8411; e-ISSN: 2049-842X
[5]. Bariweni P.A., et al (2012) Some Environmental Effects of Flooding in the Niger Delta

Abstract: The level of hygiene of food gotten from food vendors and sanitation practices of food vendors and outlet operators can not be guaranteed. Also inadequacy or lack of water could lead students who live in and around campus to get water from any available source. Hence the need for the study. This study assessed the sanitary condition of food outlets and safety of drinking water by students of UNN, Ikere campus, Ekiti State. The survey design of the descriptive type of research was adopted. A sample size of 350 respondents was used for the study. The purposive and non-proportionate sampling techniques were adopted. The research instrument was a self structured close ended questionnaire. The response options were categorised into never, seldom, occasionally and always. Two hypotheses were formulated.....

Key words: Assessment, Outlet, Hygiene, Borne, Disease

[1]. Adane, M., Teka, B., Gismu, Y., Halefom, G., & Ademe, M. (2018). Food hygiene and safety measures among food handlers in street food shops and food establishments of Dessie town, Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE 13,(5), 0196919. https://doi.org/10.1371/jpournal.pone.0196919
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[5]. Fagbemiro, O. O., Ademuyiwa, I. Y., Soyemi, O. D., & Ojo, A. O. (2016). Factors determining sanitation information-seeking behaviour: A literature review. Tropical Journal Medicine Research,19,1-7.

Abstract: Physico-chemical studies and bacteriological assay of ground water in petroleum training Institute, Effurun, Nigeria, were carried out to evaluate the quality of water supply system and to provide baseline data for future monitoring of contamination of the water. Water sample were collected from nine (Boys' hostel, Girls' hostel, Clinic area, Power house area, Church village, Conference center complex, Call duty quarters, Senior staff quarters Block 8 and Senior staff quarters Block 9) different sampling points for analysis using different standard analytical methods. The annual mean values of chemical parameters analysed in triplicates of the different water samples gave the following ranges: pH is 6.2-7.1, Conductivity is 25.0-120.1μS/cm, TDS is 13.0-58.3 mg/l, TSS is 0.01-0.21 mg/l, Alkalinity is 6.0-48.0 mg/l, Chloride is 17.71-71.00 mg/l, Total hardness is 1.6-54.0 mg/l, Sulphate is <0.01-31.04 mg/l, Nitrate is <0.01-9.00 mg/l and Total iron is 0.02-1.00 mg/l. The Lead and Turbidity analyses showed.....

Keywords: Ground water, Quality, Deterioration, Sterilized, WHO Standards and Contamination

[1]. Amoo, A. and Mojisola, A. A. (2007) 'Physico-chemical analysis of well waters in Minna and its environs'. Niger State, Nigeria. Journal of Chemical Society of Nigeria, Vol.32(2), 122-127.
[2]. Apampa, S. A., Salisu, A. and Eze, S. (2017). Physicochemical Analysis of Underground Water in Zaria Metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria. American Journal of Chemical Engineering. 5(6), 158-162. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20170506.17.
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[5]. Barakat, A., Meddah, R., Afdali, M. and Touhami, F. (2018). Physicochemical and microbial assessment of spring water quality for drinking supply in Piedmont of Béni-Mellal Atlas (Morocco). Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 104, 39–46.

Abstract: The present study mainly focuses the assessment of groundwater suitability for drinking and irrigation purpose in the flood affected area of Chendamangalam, Ernakulum district, Kerala, India. Twenty six water samples were collected from dug wells and bore wells during monsoon, post monsoon and pre monsoon seasons. The result revealed that most of the physio chemical parameters were below the prescribed limit according to WHO standard, but the microbiological parameter total coliform count is higher than the maximum acceptance limit in the study area. Water Quality Index method is calculated by weighted arithmetic water quality index method indicate that the quality of eight ground water.....

Key Word: Ground water; drinking water quality; water quality index; irrigation water quality

[1]. Howari, F. M., Abu-rukah, Y., & Shinaq, R. (2005). Hydrochemical Analyses and Evaluation of Groundwater Resources of North Jordan, Water Resources, 1. 32(5), 607–616.
[2]. Sarfraz, M. (2016). Investigation of Portable Groundwater Quality and Health Risk Assessment of Selected Trace Metals in Flood Affected Areas of District Rajanpur, Pakistan. Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.4172/2380-2391.1000183
[3]. Nagarajan, R., Rajmohan, N., Mahendran, U., & Senthamilkumar, S. (2010). Evaluation of groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and agricultural use in Thanjavur city, Tamil Nadu, India. Environ Monit Assess, 289–308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-1279-9
[4]. Ramakrishnaiah, C. R., Sadashivaiah, C., & Ranganna, G. (2009). Assessment of Water Quality Index for the Groundwater in Tumkur Taluk , Karnataka State , India. E-Journal of Chemistry, 6(2), 523–530.
[5]. Tiwari, R. N. (2011). Assessment of groundwater quality and pollution potential of Jawa Block Rewa District , Madhya Pradesh , India. Proceedings International Academy Ecology Environmental Sciences, 1, 202–212

Abstract: Background: One of the key features for the economic growth and development of a country is the level of its road transportation system. Road safety movement of goods and people from within and outside a locality is of great importance to the well-being of the people. With increasing number of vehicles every day and the nature of the road, road safety has become a major concern in Owerri metropolis due to the alarming nature of road traffic accidents. The traffic accidents are predictable and can be avoided by improving preventions. This paper is aimed at identifying the causes and effects of road traffic accident hotspots using high resolution satellite imagery and statistical analysis in Owerri Metropolis, Imo State, Nigeria....

Key Word: Road Transportation, Road Traffic Accident, Accident Hotspots, Spatial query, GIS and Satellite Imagery.

[1]. Atubi, A. O. (2012). Road Transport System Management and Traffic in Lagos, South Western Nigeria, Journal of African Research Review. Vol.4. No.4. Pp. 459-470.
[2]. Anitha, S. S .D. and Prince, A. G. (2016). Identification of Hotspots of Traffic Accidents Using GIS in India. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology E-ISSN 0976-3945 Vol. VII/Issue III/July-Sept., 2016 pages 13-16.
[3]. Rukewe, A., Taiwo, O.J., Fatiregun, A.A., Afuwape, O.O. and Alonge, T.O. (2014). Geographic Information Systems in determining road traffic crash analysis in Ibadan, Nigeria. Journal of the West African College of Surgeons. 2014 Jul-Sep; 4(3): 20–34.
[4]. Adebayo, H. O. (2015). Using Geographical Information System (GIS) Techniques in Mapping Traffic Situation along Selected Road Corridors in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria Research on Humanities and Social Sciences www.iiste.org ISSN (Paper)2224-5766 ISSN (Online) 2225-0484 (Online) Vol.5, No.10, 2015. Pages 12 – 20.
[5]. Adeofun, C.O. and Oyedepo, J. A. (2011). Integration of GIS, GPS, GSM and Remote Sensing, (3GR) for Road accident Reporting and Management at Abeokuta, Ogun State. Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment. 2011, 11(2): pages 111-121.