IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-18 ~ Issue-5 ~ May 2024

Abstract: The dynamics the nature of urban environment calls for the urgent need of integrating an intensive spatial analysis technique into environmental planning and management, as the traditional approaches and techniques in operation presently in most of the Nigerian urban areas proved to be inadequate. This study of the trends of geospatial expansion of Bauchi urban area and its associated environmental planning issues was conceived using quantitative and geospatial techniques. The method used to assess the spatiotemporal changes from 2003 to 2023 were using the Landsat satellite imagery system of Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) and Operational Land Imager (OLI/TIRs.....

Keywords: Geospatial, Environment, Planning, Landsat, Imagery

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Abstract: Background: The extensive use of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) in Sri Lankan agriculture raises concerns about its ecological impact on aquatic ecosystems. Despite its widespread application, there is limited information regarding the toxicity of MCPA on Oreochromis mossambicus, an iconic and commercially important fish species in freshwater ecosystems. This study seeks to address this gap by investigating the toxicity of MCPA in Oreochromis mossambicus, focusing on determining its 96h lethal concentration 50% (LC50) and examining its sub-lethal effects on gill, muscle, and intestine histology over a 21-day period.....

Keywords: Herbicide exposure; Histopathological effects; MCPA; Oreochromis mossambicus

[1] Hossain Mm. Recent Perspective Of Herbicide: Review Of Demand And Adoption In World Agriculture. Journal Of The Bangladesh Agricultural University. 2015 Jun 30;13(1):13-24. [2] Liu Y, Pan X, Li J. Current Agricultural Practices Threaten Future Global Food Production. Journal Of Agricultural And Environmental Ethics. 2015 Apr;28:203-16. [3] Mcghee I, Burns Rg. Biodegradation Of 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2, 4-D) And 2-Methyl-4-Chlorophenoxyacetic Acid (Mcpa) In Contaminated Soil. Applied Soil Ecology. 1995 Sep 1;2(3):143-54.
[4] Caux Py, Kent Ra, Bergeron V, Fan Gt, Macdonald Dd. Environmental Fate And Effects Of Mcpa: A Canadian Perspective. Critical Reviews In Environmental Science And Technology. 1995 Nov 1;25(4):313-76. [5] Bach M, Frede Hg. Trend Of Herbicide Loads In The River Rhine And Its Tributaries. Integrated Environmental Assessment And Management. 2012 Jul;8(3):543-52.

Abstract: The Experiment was carried out In Batu-Vei, Guisu Village, Liquisa Municipality from July to November 2022, to determine the effect of the application of chicken manure and planting spacing on the growth and yield of Chilli. The agronomic trials were arranged in a split-plot design, where the main plot consisted of three treatments of planting spacing (R): 60 cm x 70 cm(R1), 60 cm x 80 cm (R2), 60 cm x 90 cm (R3), and a subplot consisting of three treatments of Chicken manure fertilizer (C) were: without apply Chicken manure (C0), Chicken manure fertilizer 5-ton ha-1 (C1) and chicken manure fertilizer 10-ton ha-1(C2). The treatment was replicated on three blocks with a total plot were 27 plots.....

Keywords: Chicken Manure; Planting spacing; Chili pepper

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Abstract: The illicit use of psychotropic substances due to the systematization of their consumption has become a global problem and, therefore, we seek to obtain accurate and timely information about their use by the population. However, traditional survey-based monitoring methods and reporting systems have some limitations, including data accuracy, relevance to the population, and long reporting delays in a rapidly changing drug landscape. These limitations are problematic when using the data collected to develop health and policing policies. Community wastewater analysis has been suggested as an objective and rapid method for providing supplemental data. Quantitative determination of urinary biomarkers in raw wastewater has emerged in recent years as a promising tool for estimating illicit drug consumption.....

Keywords: Illicit drugs; Wastewater-based epidemiology; Psychotropic substances; Drug consumption; Human rights; Violence; Public health.

[1]. Baker, D.R., Barron, L., Kasprzyk-Hordern, B. (2014). Illicit And Pharmaceutical Drug Consumption Estimated Via Wastewater Analysis. Part A: Chemical Analysis And Drug Use Estimates. Science Of The Total Environ., 487, 629-41.
[2]. Barrio, P., Reynolds, J., Garcia-Altes, A., Gual, A., Anderson, P. (2017). Social Costs Of Illegal Drugs, Alcohol And Tobacco In The European Union: A Systematic Review. Drug And Alcohol Review, 36(5), 578–88.
[3]. Bastos, F.I.P.M., Vasconcellos, M.T.L., Boni, R.B., Reis, N.B., Coutinho, C.F.S. (2017). Levantamento Nacional Sobre O Uso De Drogas Pela População Brasileira. [Internet]. [Cited 2024 Feb 20]. Rio De Janeiro: Fiocruz/Icict. Available From: Https://Www.Arca.Fiocruz.Br/Handle/Icict/34614
[4]. Been, F., Esseiva, P., Delemont, O. (2016). Analysis Of Illicit Drugs In Wastewater - Is There An Added Value For Law Enforcement? Forensic Sci. Int., 266, 215-21.
[5]. Cartwright, W. S. (2008). Economic Costs Of Drug Abuse: Financial, Cost Of Illness, And Services. Journal Of Substance Abuse Treatment, 34(2), 224-33

Abstract: Background: The illness known as chronic kidney disease, or CKD, causes damage to the kidneys that prevents them from filtering blood as effectively as they should. The purpose of this study was to correlate, among CKD patients in Kolkata, the clinical features of health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL). Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to correlate, among CKD patients in Kolkata, the clinical features of health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) among the CKD patients in Kolkata. Method: A community based cross-sectional study has been conducted in Kolkata in West Bengal state, India. The target population of the study was people above 50 years of age......

Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), Quality of life, Kolkata, HRQOL, Modified KDQOL-SF.

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Abstract: 1st Advance Estimates of National Horticulture Database by National Horticulture Board revealed that the year 2023-2024 witnessed total production of fruits and vegetables in India to be 11.21 and 209.39 million metric tonnes respectively. 774 tonnes of grapes were annually produced in India, which could generate ₹ 602.88 crores from exports alone during 2011-12. Later, by 2015 the figures rose to 1234.9 million metric tonnes (Ghosh et al., 2017; Malwe et al., 2022). It is unfortunate that about 30 % of the total produce are gone to waste owing to improper handling, spoilage, unscientific storing and processing. Freshly expressed grape juice is composed of sugars, organic acids, phenolic and nitrogenous compounds, minerals and pectic substances......

Keywords: Anaerobic digestion, Biogas, Cost efficiency, Renewable energy, Grape pomace, Vegetable leftovers, Pineapple peel, Fish and poultry feather hydrolysate, cow urine.

[1] Angelidaki, I., Treu, L., Tsapekos, P., Luo, G., Campanaro, S., Wenzel, H., & Kougias, P. G. (2018). Biogas Upgrading And Utilization: Current Status And Perspectives. Biotechnology Advances, 36(2), 452–466. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Biotechadv.2018.01.011
[2] Asato, C. M., Gonzalez-Estrella, J., Jerke, A. C., Bang, S. S., Stone, J. J., & Gilcrease, P. C. (2016). Batch Anaerobic Digestion Of Synthetic Military Base Food Waste And Cardboard Mixtures. Bioresource Technology, 216, 894–903. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Biortech.2016.06.033
[3] Beegle, J. R., & Borole, A. P. (2018). Energy Production From Waste: Evaluation Of Anaerobic Digestion And Bioelectrochemical Systems Based On Energy Efficiency And Economic Factors. Renewable And Sustainable Energy Reviews, 96, 343–351. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Rser.2018.07.057
[4] Bouallagui, H. (2003). Mesophilic Biogas Production From Fruit And Vegetable Waste In A Tubular Digester. Bioresource Technology, 86(1), 85–89. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/S0960-8524(02)00097-4
[5] Chakraborty, D., & Venkata Mohan, S. (2018). Effect Of Food To Vegetable Waste Ratio On Acidogenesis And Methanogenesis During Two-Stage Integration. Bioresource Technology, 254, 256–263. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Biortech.2018.01.051

Abstract: Climate change and population growth have made water resources inadequate in comparison to demand. As water usage ascents, water management becomes a daunting obstacle for the government and water companies. The collective involvement of federal, state, and local governments in effective water management and conservation is necessary to improve country's water condition in the future. According to Mihir Shah Committee Report, as water is a state responsibility, the respective State Governments are mainly accountable for the augmentation....

Keywords: Water Governance, Water Resource Management, Government Schemes and Programmes, Mihir Shah Committee Report, Reforms in Water Governance.

[1] Https://Www.Adriindia.Org/Adri/India_Water_Facts#:~:Text=India's%20total%20annual%20utilizable%20 Water,Water%20%2B%20433bcm%20ground%20w Ater
[2] India-WRIS Wiki 2015
[3] Https://Www.Worldbank.Org/En/News/Press- Release/2020/02/17/
[4] Central Ground Water Board, Ground Water Year Book - India 2019-20, Faridabad: Ministry Of Jal Shakti, Government Of India.
[5] Https://Www.Teriin.Org/Sites/Default/Files/2021- 06/Water-Factsheet.Pdf

Abstract: Context, The fragrant plant of the Plectranthus glandulosus species, is widely used in traditional medicine in Africa, especially in Congo Brazzaville, to treat a variety of illnesses, including genitourinary and digestive diseases. Objective, The aim of this study was to assess the acute and subacute toxicity of P. glandulosus leaf essential oil in laboratory rodents with the goal of adding to the value of medicinal plants. Methods, The oral toxicity was conducted on mice and rats of the same sex were in a process that followed the 420 and 407 OECD guidelines for testing of chemicals......

Keywords: Plectranthus glandulosus, toxicity, biochemical, hematological.

[1] Ahamed, A. N., Yaser, S. M., Idhris, S. M., Padusha, M. S. A., & Sherif, N. A. (2023).
[2] Phytochemical And Pharmacological Potential Of The Genus Plectranthus—A Review.South African Journal Of Botany, 154, 159‑189.
[3] Amacher, D. E. (1998). Serum Transaminase Elevations As Indicators Of Hepatic Injury Following The Administration Of Drugs. Regulatory Toxicology And Pharmacology: Rtp, 27(2), 119‑130. Https://Doi.Org/10.1006/Rtph.1998.1201
[4] Bertin, M., Rachel, M., Tarcisse, B. N., & Etienne, N. (2020). Optimization By Mixture Design Of The Antimicrobial Activities Of Five Selected Essential Oils. Journal Of Medicinal Plants Research, 14(10), 570‑578.
[5] Bnouham, M., Merhfour, F. Z., Elachoui, M., Mekhfi, H., Lamnaouer, D., & Ziyyat, A. (2006). Toxic Effects Of Some Medicinal Plants Used In Moroccan Traditional Medicine