IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-8 ~ Issue-11 ~ November 2014

Abstract: The present study was carried out to evaluate the response of microbial bioinoculants along with different organic manures (vermicompost and greencompost) on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of Rumex. Field experiments were carried out in 2010-2011 in randomized replicated block designs consisting of four replicates of each treatment. The experiment consisted of five different microbial bioinoculants combined with two organic manures. Various treatments given to Rumex were Frateuria aurentia (potassium mobilizer) Trichoderma viride (biocontrol agent), Azospirillium brasilense (Nitrogen source) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (plant growth promoting bacteria) significantly increased plant biomass, yield and nutrient content of Rumex. Results revealed that among the two organic manures vermi compost combined with bioinoculants significantly influenced the growth and nutrient uptake. Plants inoculated with vermicompost and Frateuria aurentia has recorded maximum growth..

Keywords: Bioinoculants, Frateuria, Greencompost, Rumex, Vermicompost

[1] M.S.Rathore, M.Singh, D.Panwar and N.S.Shekhawat, Vermicomposting: Towards Clean And Green Farming Green Farming, Vol-1(1), 2007, 28-30.

[2] S.L.Tolanur, Effect of Compost, Vermicompost, FarmYard Manure, Green Manuring and Fertilizer Nitrogen on Yield and Uptake of Major Nutrients by Rabi-Sorghum in Vertisol, Agric.Sci.Digest, 29(1), 2009, 60-62.

[3] J. Sinha, C. K. Biswas, A. Ghosh and A. Saha, Efficacy of Vermicompost Against Fertilizers on Cicer and Pisum and on Population diversity of Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria, Journal of Environmental Biology, 31, 2010, 287-292.

[4] M.S.Ali and M.S.Jahan,Final Completion report on Coordinateproject of vermiculture:Production of Vermicompost and its use inUpland and Horticultural Crops, BARC., Dhaka, 2001,21.

[5] F.Nourbaksh, Influence of vermicomposting on Soil Waste Decomposition Kinetics in Soils, J. Zhejiarg Univ.Sci., 8, 2007, 725-730.

Abstract: Dyes used in textile fabric as a coloring agent is not an operative technique since it is produced highly colored wastewater. The colored wastewater was produced from dyeing process in textile manufacturing process. The pollution of color in aquatic ecosystem is a rising problem nowadays. Currently, the technique to remove the color from textile wastewater are mostly studied worldwide as an awareness concerns since there are no specific solution has been acceptable for treating the broad diversity of textile wastewater. There has been an extensive research into the implementation of the modification and development of the biological treatment using bacteria with suitable matrix for immobilization process that can improve the decolorization rate of textile wastewater.

[1]. S.S Mirzadeh, S.M. Khezri, S. Rezaei, H. Forootanfar, A.H Mahvi and M.A Faramarzi, Decolorization of two synthetic dyes using the purified laccase of Paraconiothyrium variabile immobilized on porous silica beads, Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering 2014, 12:6
[2]. R.G. Saratale, G.D. Saratale, J.S. Chang, S.P. Govindwar, 2011, Bacterial decolorization and degradation of azo dyes: A review., Journal Taiwan Inst Chemical Engineeering, 42:138-157.
[3]. R.O. Cristovao, A.P.M. Tavares, A. Brigida, J.M. Loureiro, R.A.R. Boaventura, E.A. Macedo, M.A.Z. Coelho, 2011, Immobilization of commercial laccase onto green coconut fiber by adsorption and its application for reactive textile dyes degradation, Journal Molecular Catalyst B. 72:6-12.
[4]. H.M.N. Iqbal and M.Asgher, 2013, Decolorization applicability of sol–gel matrix immobilized manganese peroxidase produced from an indigenous white rot fungal strain Ganoderma lucidum, BMC Biotechnology 2013, 13:56
[5]. K.B. Engade, S.G. Gupta, 2010, Decolorization of Textile Effluent by Immobilized Aspergillus terreus, Journal of Petroleum and Environmental Biotechnology 1:101.
[6]. J. Ogbonna, S. Tomiyama, C. Liu and H. Tanaka, 1997, Efficient production of ethanol by cells immobilized in Loofa sponge. Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering, 84: 271-274.

Abstract: Cytochrome P-450 is a terminal oxidase, involved in biotransformation of endogenous and exogenous substances. Cytochrome P-450cam is isozyme present in various bacteria. CYP-450cam was purified from alkaliphilic bacteria, Kocuria sp. DL, isolated from pristine alkaline Crater Lake, Lonar, (Maharashtra State), India. Identification of this bacterial strain was carried out by analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence [Kocuria species DL strain]. The content of CYP-450cam was found to be 2.68 n mol/mg of protein in 50 h grown culture under aerobic condition. Purification of CYP-450cam was carried out by applying analytical procedures at 4 ºC. The Km values for both aminopyrine and acetanilide were 0.4 and 0.25 mM, respectively. The maximal velocity Vmax was 12.98 and 13.2 mM/mg of protein per min for aminopyrine and acetanilide, respectively.

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Abstract: Chemical and organoleptic potentials of soups based on leaves and husks of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) were investigated. Recipe for preparation of soups was developed during a 7-woman focus group discussion. The soups nutrients and sensory evaluation were based on standard procedures. Moisture for leaves and husks soups was comparable (71.03, 69.88 and 69.95 %,) .The soup based on dried husks (HS) had higher protein and fat (p<0.05) relative to those soups based on both dried leaves (DS) and fresh leaves (FS) (10.24 vs.9.97 and 10.03%) and (10.24 vs. 9.87 and 9.47%), respectively. The ash values for all soups were similar (2.17, 2.16 and 2.27%) (p >0.05). Fibre values based on for HS, DS and FS differed significantly (p<0.05) .Carbohydrate levels were low in all soups.

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Abstract: Background Hibiscus tea is a tisane from the magenta coloured leaves of Roselle. It is widely known for its nutritional and therapeutic benefits. Food borne diseases are transmissible through consumption of contaminated food, drink and water. Locally prepared drinks may be potential sources of pathogenic bacteria, fungi and their toxins. The microbial safety of locally prepared Hibiscus tea Accra awaits investigation and documentation. This study was conducted to assess the microbial quality of locally prepared Hibiscus tea sold at the bus stations in Accra Metropolis, Ghana

[1] Morton, J., 1987. Roselle. p. 281-286. In: Fruits of warm climates. Miami, FL. http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/Morton/roselle.html.

[2] Nyarko, G., Bayor, H., Craigon, J., Suleimana, I.A., 2006. The Effect of container types, seed dressings and desiccants on the viability and vigour of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) seeds. Pak. J Biol Sci 9 (4), 593-597.

[3] Qi, Y., Chin, K. L., Malekian, F., Berhame, M., Gager, J., 2005. Biological haracteristics, nutritional and medicinal value of Roselle, Hibiscus sabdariffa. Circular- Urban Forestry Natural Resources and Environment, No. 604, March, 2005, pp: 1-2.

[4] Fasoyiro, S. B., Ashaye, O.A., Adeola, A., Samuel, F. O., 2005. Chemical composition and storability of fruit-flavoured (Hibiscus sabdariffa) drinks. World J Agric. Sci. 1 (2), 165-168.

[5] U.S.A Food and Drug Administration, Centre for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 2001. Food safety. http//www.fda.gov. (Accessed on 5th July, 2014).

[6] Barro, N., Bello, A.R., Aly, S., Ouattara, C. A. A., Ilboudo, A., Traore, A.S., 2006. Hygienic status and assessment of dishwashing waters, utensils, hands and pieces of money from street food processing sites in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Africa J of Biotechnol 5(11), 1107-1112.

Abstract: Present investigation focuses on Biodiversity, roosting and feeding habits of different species of bats in Mysore city. Field visits were carried out during evening hours to observe the roosts. The bats were captured using common commercial mosquito net and are photographed; morphometric data were collected and released immediately. Captured bats were identified by standard keys published earlier. Eleven species belonging to eight genera included in five families are documented during the present study. Roosting sites, food plants were also documented. Results of the present investigation are discussed in comparison with earlier reports.

Key words: Bats, Megachiroptera, Microchiroptera Mysore city.

[1] Kunz, T.H., Torrez, E.B., Bauer, D., Lobova, T., and Fleming, T.H., Ecosystem services provided by bats. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. New York. 1-38 (2011)
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Abstract: The prepared seed slices of African oil bean (Pentaclthra macrophylla Benth) were subjected to different fermentation periods and dried using different drying methods to produce "ugba‟ slices and were milled to obtain flour. The flour from different "Ugba" samples were analysed for proximate composition. Sensory evaluation using a 9 – point hedonic scale carried out by 20 – man panel. Result showed that there were significant difference (P<0.05) in the moisture content and crude fiber content of different "Ugba" samples. There were no significant difference (P>0.05) in the sizes of Ugba. The crude fiber content ranged from 0.22 – 2.15% showed no significant different.

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Abstract: The interaction of two automobile workshop wastes on the growth performance of Vigna unguiculata (L.) and Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Harm) were examined. The crops were grown in soil treated with spent engine oil (SEO) and spent carbide waste (SCW) of different ratios: 0/0, 0ml/150g, 50ml/100g, 100ml/50g and 150ml/0g. 0/0 served as the control (no pollution) experiment. Results showed that interaction of SEO and SCW significantly (P < 0.05) affect the growth parameters (shoot height, stem girth, leaf area, number of leaves, biomass, root length, nodulation and chlorophyll contents) of Vigna unguiculata (L.) and Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Harm).

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Abstract: Sensory Evaluation of fish crackers produced from catfish and tilapia was evaluated in attempt to ensure the possibilities of better utilization of underutilized Tilapia and catfish. The product were produced with corn starch (25%), pepper (0.1%) salt (0.5%), magi (2 cubes) vegetable oil (18.5%) Tilapia (35%), catfish (35%).

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Abstract: Copper, lead and zinc contamination is a serious hazard. In this study, the concentration of these metals were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy in the water, sediment and in the muscle, liver and gills of catfish (Clarias macrocephalus) collected from three sampling stations of Butuanon River, Metro Cebu, Philippines. Water analysis results showed that no station exceeded the Philippines DAO 34 Series of 1990 standard at 0.05ppm both for Cu and Pb. Both Cu and Zn concentration in sediments showed no significant difference but Pb concentration tends to increase from upstream to downstream station without exceeding the Kloke's Maximum Allowable Limit at 100ppm.

[1]. D. Manahan, Fundamentals of Environmental Chemistry, 2nd ed, Lewis Publishers, USA 2000.
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Abstract: The emergence of pathogens in water cold of baths Moors served by wells have been chlorinated or not, is a major concern in terms of the public health industry and the public authorities concerned. Among these pathogens, some are of fecal origin (Escherichia coli, intestinal enterococci, anaerobic sulphite-reducing or Clostridia), while others live in the natural environment (Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). In order to establish a risk analysis related to the presence of these pathogens, it is important to increase our knowledge on the ecology of these microorganisms and to develop analytical tools to achieve better health monitoring.

[1] AJ Roumasset and C. A. Wada, Chapter 5 - Integrated Groundwater Resource Management, Sustainable Economic Development, 2015, 77-89.
[2] J Tuinstra and J.V. Wensem, Ecosystem services in sustainable groundwater management, Science of The Total Environment, 485–486, 2014, 798-803.
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Abstract: Properties of the mine waste represented the toxic nature to human health and may pose numerous risks to the local environment. Although the recorded radioactivity level in these tailings is very low, but to avoid any long term effect of these tailings on the atmosphere as well as native living things, the tailings need to cover with soil. This reduces gamma radiation and radon emission levels. However, to consolidate the radioactivity and remediate the contaminants in the tailings on a sustainable basis, the area needs to be re-vegetated by candidate plants. Remediation of heavy metal-contaminated sites using plants presents a promising alternative to current methodologies.

[1]. Usman O.A. Shuaibu and Abdus-Salam Nasiru (2011). Phytoremediation of Trace Metals in Shadawanka Stream of Bauchi Metropolis, Nigeria. Universal Journal of Environmental Research and Technology. Volume 1, Issue 2: 176-181.
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Abstract: Ghana is the first nation in Sub-Saharan Africa to attain independence from colonial rule in 1957. The country has numerous natural resources. Ghana is however plagued by poverty and under development. The mining industry is one of the challenging sectors the country is finding difficult to address. The rate of illegal and small scale mining is destroying Ghana's biodiversity. These problems can be address when there is in place functional institutional frameworks. This research will examine Ghana's mining industry against environmental governance frameworks such as co-management, stakeholder consultations, and collaborative environmental governance.

[1]. Agbesinyale PK (2003). Ghana's Gold Rush and Regional Development: The Case of Wassa West District. (SPRING Centre, University of Dortmund)
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Abstract: The world's population is increasing at an exponential level and coupled with rural-urban migration and other detrimental activities of human beings, the Earth's natural resources is constantly being subjected to intense negative pressures. These pressures have contributed immensely to the degradation of the environment especially the coastal zones. Ghana as a coastal zone country is not spared this global degradation. Ghana is home to one of the largest artificial lakes in the world, the lake Bosomtwe. The country is widely known for famous rivers, lagoons, estuaries and the country generates most of its income from tourism activities. It is therefore expedient that the country should promulgate and implement policies that will help protect its coastal resources to ensure sustainable use of the coastal and marine zones.

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[3]. Boateng, I. 1996. Policy Process in Coastal and Marine Resource Management in Ghana. Munich, Germany, pp10.
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Abstract: The present observations were based on effects of cadmium on two commonly occurring freshwater fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch.) and Mystus tengara (Hamilton). The three different concentrations of cadmium chloride as 250μg/L, 500μg/L, 750μg/L and 1000μg/L, were used in the present study. After intoxication the mortality rate, respiratory stress, weight change in liver and kidney for the same were observed. The present observation reveal that as the concentrations of cadmium chloride increases the respiratory stress and mortality rate also increases, but the rate of increase of these parameters is higher in Mystus tengara than Channa punctatus. It has been noticed that as the dose of cadmium chloride increases the weight of liver and kidney in these two fish species decreases rapidly.

[1]. B. Ahmad, T. A. Quereshi, S. Manohar, P. Kaur, and K. Khaliq, Effect of cadmium chloride on the histoarchitecture in liver and kidney of a freshwater catfish, Clarias batrachus, International Journal of Environmental Science, 02, 2011, 531-536.
[2]. K.V. Bengari, K.M. Shivraj, and H.S. Patil, Toxicity of dimethyl-parathion to freshwater fish Labeo rohita and oxygen uptake rate of exposed fish, Environment and Ecology, 02, 1984, 01-04.
[3]. L. Bervoets, R. Blust, and R. Verheyen, Accumulation of metals in the tissues of three spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from natural fresh waters, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 48, 2001, 117-127.
[4]. D. K. Choudhuri, A. K. Sandhu, and P. K. Mukhopadhyay, Toxicity of two organophosphorus insecticides malathion and phosphamidon to the fish Channa striatus. Environment and Ecology, 02, 1984, 143-147.

Abstract: Biodiversity conservation is now a common phrase in most conferences and seminars. Most scientist and researchers are focused on the larger view of conserving our planet. Charity they say begins at home and also little drops of water make a mighty ocean. The conservation of our natural resource should start small by every community, town, municipality, city and then every country. This research work focused on a rural town called Embabe. Embabe is located in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. The area is rich in plant and animal life. Having lived there for more than a year, I conducted this research to examine the level and willingness of the local community to conserve their biodiversity.

[1]. Bambach, R.K.; Knoll, A. H.; Wang , S. C. (2004). 'Origination, extinction, and mass depletion of marine diversity'. Paleobiology 30 (4) : 522 – 42.
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Abstract: Considering the constraints due to unavailability of uniform quality chicken manure in local market, three different combinations of wheat and soyabean meal (de-oiled cake) were tested for their ability to affect yield and cost of production of Button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus). Compost was prepared by mixing 18, 22 and 25% soyabean meal with wheat straw by short method of composting. 80% chicken manure with wheat straw was the control. All the ingredients composted for 18 days of two phases composting using tunnel for peak heating as advocated by Shandilya et al, 1976, fresh grain spawn was obtained from Bharat Mushrooms, Delhi, India. Formaldehyde treated casing soil (2:1 mixture of 2 year old farm yard manure and garden soil) was used for casing of beds. The results indicate that all the combinations affected yield and proved to be promising factors for low cost production of mushroom. Combination with 22% soyabean meal gave the maximum production of Mushroom (226 Kg/ton of compost).

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[2]. Hayes, W.A. and T.R. Shandilya. 1977. Casing soil and compost substrates used in artificial culture of Agaricus bisporus, the cultivated mushroom. Ind. J. Mycol & PI Pathol. 7:5-10.
[3]. Miller, F.C. 1993. In proceedings of the international composting research symposium. (H.A.J. Hoitink and H.M. Keener, eds). Renaissance Publications, Worthington, Ohio. pp 262-281.
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Abstract: This research was carried out to evaluate the phytochemicals constituents and nutritional values of mesocarp and seed of sweet detar(Detarium Microcarpum) fruit as supplementary feed ingredient in the diets of rats. Thirty five healthy mixed sexalbino rats of four weeks old were divided into five groups of seven rats each and fed with different ratios(M1:2R; M2:1R; S1:2R and S2:1R) of mesocarp and seed of D. microcarpum. Data were collected on feed intake and growth rate was observed.

[1]. Abdalbasit, Adam Mariod, Mohamed Elwathig S. Mirghani, Ahmad Bustamam Abdul and Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab
(2009):Detarium microcarpum Guill and Perr fruit proximate chemical analysis and sensory characteristics of concentrated juice
and jam. African Journal of Biotechnology 8 NO.17: 4217-4221.
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Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 13: 43-49.
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