IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-9 ~ Issue-7 ~ July 2015

Abstract: Today harvesting and using solar energy serves as a very good addition to the existing energy resources. Various kinds of solar panels are available in markets. But most of them are made up of metals and are rigid. Construction of these panels is also very tedious. Solar panel constructed here is novel since the polymer used renders it flexibility and portability.The base of this work revolves around the natural phenomenon that electron excited in biological light harvesting system, i.e. Photosystem embedded in thylakoid is finally accepted by NADP out of the thylakoid membrane.Leveraging this phenomenon,we replace this NADP by the artificial electron acceptor..

[1]. Adamska, I. et al., 1999. Isolation of pigment-binding early light-inducible proteins from pea. European journa11l of biochemistry / FEBS, 260(2), pp.453–60.
[2]. Akbari, H. et al., 2013. Design and Study of Acrylamide-based Photopolymer Holographic Optical Elements for Solar Application. , pp.6–10.
[3]. Bedford, N.M. et al., 2011. Immobilization of stable thylakoid vesicles in conductive nanofibers by electrospinning. Biomacromolecules, 12(3), pp.778–84.
[4]. Eichacker, L. a et al., 1996. Stabilization of chlorophyll a-binding apoproteins P700, CP47, CP43, D2, and D1 by chlorophyll a or Zn-pheophytin a. The Journal of biological chemistry, 271(50), pp.32174–9.
[5]. Ito, S. et al., 2007. Fabrication of Screen-Printing Pastes From TiO 2 Powders for Dye-Sensitised Solar Cells.

Abstract: A study was conducted for assessing the physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of wastewater entering the natural water bodies in Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Wastewater samples were collected from five different sites and analyzed for water temperature (WT), pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Viable Bacterial Count (TVBC) and Total Coliform Count (TCC). The WT of the samples ranged from 26°C to 34.5 °C, pH was slightly acidic to alkaline (6.9 to 9.7), the DO content of the samples ranged from 1.62 mg/l to 7.1 mg/l, BOD varied from 1.11 mg/l to 5.7 mg/l, TVBC ranged from 30×108 CFU/100 ml to 490×108 CFU /100 ml and TCC ranged from 0.2×106 CFU /100 ml to 100×106 CFU /100 ml. Bacteriological quality of water of all the sampling sites exceeded the permissible limit set by the Government of Bangladesh.

[1]. Almeida, C.A. 2007. Influence of urbanization and tourist activities on the water quality of the Potrero De Los Funes River (San Luis –Argentina). Environ. Monitor. Assess.133(1-3):459-465.
[2]. Horton, R. K. 1965. An index number system for rating water quality. J. Water Poll. Con. Fed. 37: 300–305.
[3]. Brown R. M., McClelland N. I., Deininger R. A. and Tozer R.G. 1970. Water quality index-do we dare? Water Sewage Works. 117(10):339-343.
[4]. SDD (Scottish Development Department). 1975. Towards cleaner water. Edinburgh: HMSO, Report of a River Pollution Survey of Scotland.
[5]. Kabir, S.E., Kabir, M., Mia, C.M., Begum, N., Chowdhury, D., Sultana, M.S. and Rahman, M.S.2002.Assessment of effluent quality of Dhaka export processing zone with special emphasis to that of the textile and dyeing industries. Jahangirnagar Univ. J. Sci. 25: 137-145.
[6]. Kabir, K.M. H., Uddin, M.K. and Khair, A. 2010. Impact of textile industrial effluent around the Shitalakhya river. Jahangirnagar Univ. J. Sci. 33(1): 113-125.

Abstract: Upgraded and highly précised spectrometry system is essential for precision, qualitative and quantitative elemental analysis in scientific research as well as industrial applications. EDXRF spectrometer 'Epsilon 5' is a sophisticated, fast and highly précised spectrometry system of Chemistry Laboratory of AECD that is being used for elemental analysis of huge variety of samples from the beginning of its commissioning at February 2009. A huge variety of environmental, industrial and biological samples can be irradiated by the X-ray beam for the identification of elements present in the sample and their concentrations. Skilled knowledge on working procedure and safety systems are the primary requirements to apply the spectrometry system for elemental analysis of solid, loose & pressed powder, metal, foils, filters and liquid samples without any change of their formation.

[1]. Eric, J. U. (1977). Trace Elements in Human and Animal Nutrition. (4th ed.). Dept. of Animal Science and Production, University of Western Australia, (Chapter 2, 6, 7, 13).
[2]. Islam, M., S., Hosain, M., Jolly, Y., N., Hossain, M., S., Akter, S., Kabir, J., (2015). Geochemical Analysis of the Reservoir Rocks of Surma Basin, Bangladesh. Geosciences, 5(1): 1-7.
[3]. Abedin, M., J., Akter, Shirin, & Arafin, S.A.K. (April 2015). Chromium Toxicity in Soil around Tannery Area, Hazaribagh, Dhaka, Bangladesh, and its Impacts on Environment as well as Human Health. International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE), Issue 4, Volume 2, ISSN: 2349-2163.
[4]. Huque, R., Munshi, M., K., Khatun, A., Islam, M., Hossain, A., Akter, S., Kabir, J., Jolly, Y., N., Islam, A. (2014). Comparative Study of Raw and Boiled Silver Prom fret Fish from Coastal Area and Retail Market in Relation to Trace Metals and Proximate Composition. International journal of Food Science, Volume, and Article ID: 826139.
[5]. Khan, F., E., Jolly, Y., N., Islam, GM., R., Akter, S., Kabir, J., (2014). Contamination status and health risk assessment of trace elements in food stuffs collected from the Buriganga River embankments, Dhaka, Bangladesh. International Journal of Food Contamination Springer Open journal 1:1.

Abstract: Street sweepers exposed to hazards directly and indirectly which can affect their health. This study aimed to determine the prevalence rate of health hazards, to examine the risk factors association with health hazards, and to assess magnitude of health problems among street sweepers. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Chiang Rai province. All volunteered male and female 75 street sweepers were full time workers. Data collection was divided into two phases; the first phase, the hazard questionnaire, was applied for face to face interview.

[1]. Seera, R. S. (2005). Development of a Street Sweeper Fleet Management System: University of Nevada, Las Vegas.
[2]. Sabde, Y. D., & Zodpey, S. P. (2008). A Study of Morbidity Pattern in Street Sweepers: A Cross-sectional Study. Indian Journal of Community Medicine : Official Publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine, 33(4), 224–228. doi:10.4103/0970-0218.43226
[3]. Krajewski, J., Tarkowski, S., Cyprowski, M., Szarapinska-Kwaszewska, J., & Dudkiewicz, B. (2002). Occupational exposure to organic dust associated with municipal waste collection and management. International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health, 15(3), 289-301.
[4]. Zock, J. (2005). World at work: cleaners. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 62(8), 581-584.
[5]. OSHA, E. (2011). European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (2009). European risk observatory report. Stress at work.

Abstract: An insentive investigation was conducted at Deepnagar Power Station to determine the water quality status. Two sampling stations established along the stretch of Tapi river upstream (US) and downstream (DS) TO Deepnagar power plant (DPP) for collection of water samples. Water samples were processed for their physico-chemical parameters at both sampling stations was compared. sampling station to DPP showed higher water temperature and PH than that of sampling station upstream to DPP indicated that discharge from DPP increased pollution load in river Tapi.

[1]. APHA (American Public Health Association, 1996): Standard methods for the estimation of water and waste water 19th eds. American Public Health Association, Washington DC.
[2]. Chaudhari M. S and Patil Y. B. (2010) Diversity of Fish Fauna in River Tapi, Bhusawal Tahsil Research Analysis And Evaluation Vol-I Issue 15, 73-74.
[3]. Choudhary Anil and Bharti Mukta (2006). Preliminary observation of Physicochemical characteristics of industrial waste water influenced by printing and dyeing industries. J. Aqua. Biol., Vol. 21 (2), 89 – 92. [4]. CNN story, (2011): Fish kill in Maryland. Cnn.com
[5]. Dixit Savita, Verma Neelam, Tiwari Suchi and Mishra, D.D. (2007). An innovative technique for lake management with reference to Aeration unit installed at Lower lake, Bhopal, India. Environ. Monit. Assess, 124, 33 – 37.

Abstract: Yogurt is one of the most popular fermented dairy products consumed worldwide which have great consumer acceptability due to its health benefits other than its basic nutrition. In general, yogurt provides milk proteins with higher biological value and provides almost all the essential amino acids necessary to maintain good health. Yogurt is considered as a probiotic carrier food that can deliver significant amounts of probiotic bacteria into the body which can claim specific health benefits once ingested. Moreover, yogurt is reported to claim improved lactose tolerance, immune enhancement, metabolic disorder and prevention of gastrointestinal disorders.

[1]. Shailendra Raghuwanshi, Swati Misra, Rohit Sharma and P.S. Bisen. Indian perspective for probiotics: A review, 2015; Indian J. Dairy Sci. 68(3), 195-205
[2]. E. Metchnikoff .The prolongation of life. New York, 1907,Arna Press.
[3]. KH. Steinkraus Handbook of Indigenous Fermented foods, (Marcel Dekker, New York 1996).
[4]. JA. Vanderhoof, Probiotics and intestinal inflammatory disorders in infants and children, J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 30: S348, 2000.
[5]. PA. Wescombe, NC. Heng, JP. Burton, CN. Chilcott, and JR. Tagg, Streptococcal bacteriocins and the case for Streptococcus salivarius as model oral probiotics, Future Microbiol. 2009, 4: 81935.

Abstract: This study evaluated the effect of incorporation of amaranth leaf flour on the chemical, functional and sensory properties of extrudates from flour blends of yellow maize and soybean. Flour samples of wheat, yellow maize, soybean and amaranth leaf were produced by cleaning, drying, milling and sieving through 2 mm mesh sieve. Amaranth leaf flour was incorporated into yellow maize and soybean (70:30) composite flour at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 % replacement levels and wheat flour (100 %) served as control. Baking ingredients were added to the composite flour blends and wheat flour, to produce extruded snack samples using a single screw extruder, before drying in an oven at 60 oC for 30 minutes. The proximate composition, minerals, vitamins and anti-nutritional factors of the extrudates were analysed. Incorporation of amaranth leaf and soybean flour significantly (p < 0.05) increased the protein content from 17.88 to 21.67 % and energy from 349.72 to 360.07 kcal/100g. Amaranth leaf flour incorporation significantly (p < 0.05) increased the mineral and vitamin contents of the extrudates. Addition of 5 % amaranth leaf flour significantly (p < 0.05) increased protein, mineral and vitamin contents of extruded snacks compared to the control. The extrusion cooking and drying treatments significantly (p < 0.05) reduced anti-nutritional factors. Addition of amaranth leaf flour significantly (p < 0.05) reduced expansion ratio, water absorption capacity and significantly (p < 0.05) increased the bulk density, pH and oil absorption capacity of the extrudates. The microbial load which was very low, ranged from 1.08 to 9.4 x 101 cfu/g for bacteria count, 0.00 to 3 x 101 cfu/g for mould count, while coliform was not detected in all extruded snack samples. The most acceptable snack was the wheat flour (control), while acceptability of other extrudates decreased with increasing addition of amaranth leaf flour. The extrudate with 10 % level of amaranth leaf flour incorporation was still acceptable.

Keywords: Amaranth leaf flour, Chemical composition, Extrudates, Functional properties, Sensory quality

[1]. P. Fellows, and M. Hilmi, Selling street and snack food (FAO Diversification booklet. Rural Infrastructure and Agro Industries Division Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome 2011,18, 2012),1-96.
[2]. S. Thakur, and D. C. Saxena, Formulation of extruded snack food (gum based cereal–pulse blend): Optimization of ingredients levels using response surface methodology, Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft -Technologie-Food Science and Technology, 33, 2000, 354-361.
[3]. H. Vasanthakaalam, and T. Dusingizimana, Processing, development and consumer acceptability of puffed soy ball. KIST Journal of Science and Technology, 1(1), 2011, 7-13.
[4]. Department of Health, Nutritional guidelines on snacks for students for use in primary and secondary schools (HP Centre for Health Protection, 2010), 25-52.

Abstract: Textile dying industries remarkably contributes to water pollution of adjoining surface water bodies, this in turn remarkably alters biological, chemical and physical nature of the water bodies. The present study aims at studying the physico-chemical and microbiological analysis of the textile dye contaminated samples. The physiochemical analysis includes the determination of color, pH, total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) using standard methods. Microbiological analysis was done by pour plate technique.

[1]. Z. Sultana, M.E. Ali, M.S. Uddin and M.M. Haque, Study on implementation of effluent treatment plants for safe environment from textile waste. Journal of Research in Environmental Science and Toxicology, 2(1), 2013, 9-16.
[2]. A.M. Jamaluddin and M. Nizamuddin, Physicochemical Assessment of Textile Effluents in Chittagong Region of Bangladesh and Their Possible Effects on Environment. International Journal of Research in Chemistry and Environment, 2(3), 2012, 220-230.
[3]. APHA, Standard Method for Examination of Water and wastewater, 20th(Ed). American Public Health Association, Washington Dc. 2001.
[4]. A.E. Greenberg, A.E. Clesceri and A.D. Eaton, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, (18thed. American Public Health Association, Washington DC.1992) pp: 212
[5]. C.H. Collins and M.P. Lyne, Microbiological methods, (5th ed. Butterworth and Co. Ltd.1984) pp: 56-113

Abstract: The concept of using Escherichia coli as a signal of fecal pollution is a well established practice in the assessment of drinking-water quality. The relationship between the presence and/or concentration of Fecal indicator (E.coli) and the Intestinal pathogens (Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. and Vibrio cholerae) in drinking water supply of Neemuch, Madhya Pradesh over 12 consecutive months was explored. The correlation of E.coli with Salmonella spp. and V.cholerae was found to be weak in samples from all the three kinds of supplies and poor relationship existed between E.coli and Shigella spp. in source water whereas no relationship existed between the two groups in samples analyzed after the treatment.

[1]. S Baron, S. Chevalier, J. Lesne, Vibrio cholerae in the Environment: A Simple Method for Reliable Identification of the Species, Journal of Health, population and nutrition 25, 2007, 312-318.
[2]. A Gopinath, R. Pratap Chandran, M.V. Vysakhi, and A.S. Anu, Physical and Bacteriological quality of well water samples from Kanakkary Panchayath, Kottayam District, Kerala state, India, Int J Pl An and Env Sci., 2(3), 2012, 133-138.
[3]. BT Dikobe, N.P. Sithebe and C.N. Ateba, Detection of E.coli Isolates in Water from Setumo Dam Mmabatho Area – North West Province, South Africa Using mdh Specific PCR Analysis, J Hum Ecol., 36(1), 2011, 29-35.
[4]. A.H. Shar, Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria from Drinking Water of Khairpur, Sukkur and Rohri, doctoral diss., Shah Abdulaatif University, Pakistan, 2010.
[5]. M. Hatha, A. Chandran and S. Varghese. Increased Prevalence of Indicator and Pathogenic Bacteria in the Kumarakom Lake: A function of Salt Water Regulator in Vembanadu Lake, A Ramsar Site, Along West Coast of India, Proc. of Taal 2007: The 12th World Lake Conf., 2008, 250-256.

Abstract: A Study Was Carried Out In Amurum Forest Reserve Of Jos, Nigeria To Measure The Diversity Of Ficus In The Three Habitat Types Of The Reserve. Forty-Nine Plots (25 In The Rocky Outcrop, 8 In The Savanna Scrub And 16 In The Gallery Forest Habitats) Each Measuring 100x100m Were Established After A Pilot Study Was Done To Establish The Positions Where Ficus Occurred In The Reserve. In Each Plot, The Various Ficus Species Encountered Where Identified And Counted. A Total Number Of 720 Individuals Were Sampled Belonging To Twenty-Two (22) Species Of Ficus Were Identified. Mean Ficus Richness And Diversity Was Significantly Different Across The Different Habitats.

[1]. Abalaka, J. (2009). How Important Figs Are In Conservation Effort In Amurum Forest Reserve. A Report On The Survey Of Figs 8pp. Www.Ruffordsmallgrants.Org
[2]. Abiem, I. (2013). Earthworms, Soil Nutrients And Plant Diversity Of Amurum Forest Reserve And Its Surrounding Areas. M.Sc. Thesis, University Of Jos, Nigeria. 71pp .
[3]. Agaldo, J. A. (2010). Factors Determining The Abundance Of Lantana Camara L. (Verbanaceae) In Amurum Forest Reserve, Plateau State. M.Sc. Thesis, University Of Jos, Nigeria. 69pp.
[4]. Arbonnier, M. (2004). Trees, Shrubs And Lianas Of West African Dry Zones. Cirad, Margraf Publishers Gmbh, Mnhn, Paris, France. Pp. 398-416.
[5]. Berg, C.C. (1989). Classification And Distribution Of Ficus. Experiential 45: 605-611.

Abstract: The waste water and discharge from Deepnagar power station(DPP) caused various changes in the hydrological features and status of fish species in river Tapi. The upstream and down stream sampling stations were visited twice in every season during march 2013 to 2014. Number of fish were captured from river Tapi from both sampling stations. Fish communities and habitat structures were evaluated under the impact of thermal discharge of DPP and it was composed with that of fish status at Hatnur reservoir. The thermal discharge responsible for alteration in physico-chemical properties of river water.

[1]. APHA (American Public Health Association, 1996): Standard methods for the estimation of water and waste water 19th eds. American Public Health Association, Washington DC.
[2]. Chaudhari M. S and Patil Y. B. (2010) Diversity of Fish Fauna in River Tapi, Bhusawal Tahsil Research Analysis And Evaluation Vol-I Issue 15, 73-74.
[3]. Choudhary Anil and Bharti Mukta (2006). Preliminary observation of Physicochemical characteristics of industrial waste water influenced by printing and dyeing industries. J. Aqua. Biol., Vol. 21 (2), 89 – 92. [4]. CNN story, (2011): Fish kill in Maryland. Cnn.com
[5]. Dixit Savita, Verma Neelam, Tiwari Suchi and Mishra, D.D. (2007). An innovative technique for lake management with reference to Aeration unit installed at Lower lake, Bhopal, India. Environ. Monit. Assess, 124, 33 – 37.
[6]. Dubey, G.P. (1994) : Endangered, vulnerable and rare fishes of west coast river system of India. Threatened species of India, Nature conservators Publishers, Muzaffarnagar. P. 77-95

Abstract: The comparative toxicity of drilling fluids; Addax-WBF (water base) and Addax-OBF (oil base) to marine water shrimp (Mysidoposis bahia ) and brackish water shrimp ( Palaemonetes africanus) were examined, The static with renewal option for acute toxicity assessment at concentrations 0, 10, 100, 1000, 10000 and 100000ppm was employed. Mortality of the shrimps (LC50) was used as indices to monitor toxicity. The 96h LC50 of the drilling fluids were, Mysidoposis bahia [Addax-OBF base in marine water] (9098mg/L) > Mysidoposis bahia [ Addax-OBF oil base in brackish water] (24130mg/L) > Palaemonetes africanus [Addax-WBF water base in marine water] (28000ppm) > Palaemonetes africanus [Addax-WBF water base brackish water] (47260ppm) (noting; the lesser the LC50 the more toxic the toxicant). Comparatively, marine water shrimp (Mysidoposis bahia ) is more susceptible than brackish water shrimp (Palaemonetes africanus) to both water- and oil-base drilling fluids.

[1]. American Public Health Association, (1998) Standard Methods for the Examination of water and wastewater, 20th ed. Washington DC.
[2]. Burke, J.C. & Veil, A.J. (1995). Synthetic-based drilling fluids have many environmental pulses. Oil and Gas Journal. 93: 59-64.
[3]. Ciarelli, S., Vonck, W.A.P.M.A. & van Straalen, N.M. (1997). Reproducibility of spiked-sediment bioassays using the fresh and brackish benthic amphipod, Corophium volutator. Environmental Research. 43: 329-343.
[4]. Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR). (2002). Environmental guidelines and standards for the petroleum industry in Nigeria (EGASPIN) Revised Edition. p. 277-288.
[5]. Ekundayo, J.A., & Benka-Coker, M.O. (1994). Effects of exposure of aquatic snails to sublethal concentrations of waste drilling fluid. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 30: 291-297.
[6]. Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA). (1991). Guidelines and standards for environmental pollution control in Nigeria. University Press, Lagos. p. 238 - 245.

Abstract: Ultimate biodegradability of Trichloroethylene used as degreaser (Rigwash and Aquabreak) was investigated in the laboratory using marine, brackish and fresh water systems. Total heterotrophic bacteria count decreases from day 1 to day 20 with the Rigwash contaminated marine sample having the highest count (9.6x106, 9.3x105, 6.8x106, 3.0x105, 2.1x105) followed by Aquabreak (6.6x106, 1.36x106, 1.10x106, 2.2x105, 1.7x105) and then control (1.47x105, 7.0x105, 6.9x105, 2.0x105, 1.6x105).

[1]. APHA (1998). Standard Method for the Examination of Waste Water and Water. American Public Health Association. 19th Ed. Washington D.C.
[2]. ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry) 1997. Toxicological profile for trichloroethylene, US Department of Health and Human Services
[3]. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology (1984). Krieg NR, Holt JG (Eds.), Williams & Wilkins Coy., Baltimore, MD.
[4]. CEPA (Canadian Environmental Protection Act) 1993. Priority substances list assessment report: trichloroethylene. Environmentalal Health, Canada.
[5]. Cheesbrough M (2006). District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries, p. 2.