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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Antimicrobial Activity of Three Mosses, Calymperes Erosum Müll. Hal., Racopilum Africanum Mitt. , Cyclodictyon Mitt. From Southwest Nigeria |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | O.O. Oyesiku || O.J. Caleb |
Abstract: Although antimicrobial activity of some European, U.S.A. and Asian mosses have been reported, testing of the sub-Saharan Africa species are comparatively new. Antimicrobial activity of three south western Nigerian mosses,Calymperes erosum, Racopilium africanum and Cyclodictyon sp. on pathogenic microorganisms was evaluated by standard microbial assay. Different solvent extracts of the mosses were obtained and the pH was adjusted to 7.0. Antimicrobial effects of these extracts were determined by agar diffusion method on test pathogenic microorganisms. The result was then compared with the synthetic standard antibiotics ampicillin (20 μg/ml), gentamycin (10 μg/ml) and nystatin (100 mg/ml). The moss extracts were found to be active against all of the test microorganisms (p<0.05). The extracts that displayed antibacterial activity were always effective against the same organisms and consistent in magnitude of inhibition. Ethanolic, methanolic and acetone extracts were found to be more effective on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Among the fungi Microsporum gypseum and Aspergillus niger were most sensitive to the ethanolic extracts of the three mosses.
Keywords - Calymperes erosum, Racopilum africanum, Cyclodictyon spp. Antimicrobial, Nigeria
[1]. J. Cuvertino-Santoni, and G. Montenegro, Bioprospecting, a tool to conserve Chilean Bryophytes, Gayana Botánica, 70(1), 2013, 0717 - 6643
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[3]. R. Zhu, D. Wang, L. Xu, R. Shi, J. Wang, and M. Zheng, Anti-bacterial activity in extracts of some bryophytes from China and Mongolia, Journal of Botanical Laboratory 100, 2006, 603 – 615.
[4]. P. Wallach, L. López, C. Oberpaur, F. Vacarezza, and L. Maier, Estudio preliminar de efectos antimicrobianos "in vitro" del musgo Sphagnum magellanicum Brid., Agro Sur 38, 2010, 80 – 86.
[5]. G. Montenegro, M. Portaluppi, F. Salas, and M. Diaz, Biological properties of the Chilean native moss Sphagnum megellanicum, Biological Research, 42, 2009, 233 – 237.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Dose Dependent Anti- Inflammatory Effect of Valeriana Wallichii in 0.1 Ml Of 1% Carrageenan Induced Hind Paw Edema In Male Albino Rats |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Dr. Supriya Priyambada || Dr. Jagadeesh P || Mayuri T || Hanumanth N |
Abstract:Introduction: Inflammation is the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. The importance of inflammation in progression of casual disease is one of the factors for use of anti-inflammatory drugs in clinical medicine. The main aim of this study is to assess anti-inflammatory properties of herbal plants. In this context, the present study was carried out to evaluate the dose dependent anti-inflammatory effect of Valeriana wallichii in rats using plethysmograph.
[1]. DietmarBenke, Andrea Barberis, SaschaKopp,Karl-Heinz Altmann,MonikaSchubiger,Kaspar E. Vogt, UweRudolph,HannsMöhler. GABAA receptors as in vivo substrate for the anxiolytic action of valerenic acid, a major constituent of valerian root extracts.Neuropharmacology, 56, 1, 2008, 174–181.
[2]. Mills S, Bone K. The Essential Guide to Herbal Safety.New York: Elsevier-Churchill-Livingstone; 2005; 616-619.
[3]. Vinaykumar, Abbas AK, Nelson F, Richard NM. Acute and chronic inflammation. Robbins basic pathology, 8thed;WB Saunders Co 2007: 43- 76.
[4]. SangeethaPikhwalSah, Chandra S Mathela* &Kanwaljit Chopra. Elucidation of possible mechanism of analgesic action of Valeriana wallichii DC Chemotype (patchouli alcohol) in experimental animal model.Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 48, 2010, 289-293.
[5]. S.P Sah, C.S. Mathela and K.Chopra.DevshathaliVidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Rudrapur, Uttarakhand, India.Valeriana wallichii Dc (MaaliolChemotype) anti nociceptive studies on experimental animal models and possible mechanism of action.Pharmacologia, 3(9), 2012, 432-437.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Biological Functions and Anti-nutritional Effects of Phytochemicals in Living System |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Egbuna Chukwuebuka || Ifemeje Jonathan Chinenye |
Abstract: Phytochemicals are chemical compounds produced by plants which help in the overall maintenance of the health of an organism but are not essential nutrients. This is because in excess some phytochemicals act by decreasing nutrient intake. These chemicals occur naturally in fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts and whole grains, and perform biological functions by acting as antioxidants, physiological agents, antimicrobial agents and numerous other functions depending on the type of phytochemical present. Scientists estimate that there are over 10,000 of different phytochemicals having the potential to affect diseases such as cancer, stroke, metabolic syndromes etc. Although only a small fraction of these phytochemicals have been studied closely and this is why nine of the common phytochemicals; flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, phytate, haemaglutinin, saponins, tannins, oxalate and phenols were reviewed to unveil its biological roles and its anti-nutritional instincts.
Keywords: Anti-microbial agents, Anti-nutrients, anti-oxidants, diseases, phytochemicals.
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[2]. J.C. Ifemeje, C. Egbuna, J.O. Eziokwudiaso, F.C. Ezebuo, Determination of the Anti-nutrient Composition of Ocimum gratissimum, Corchorus olitorius, Murraya koenigii Spreng and Cucurbita maxima. International Journal of Innovation and Scientific Research 3(2), 2014, 127–133.
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[4]. C.H. Saidulu, C. Venkateshwar, R.S. Gangadhar, Preliminary phytochemical studies of medicinal plant drug: withania somnifera linn. International quarterly journal of biology & life sciences, 2(1), 2014, 306-312.
[5]. R.H. Liu, Potential synergy of phytochemicals in cancer prevention: mechanism of action. The Journal of nutrition, 134(12), 2004, 3479–3485.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Bacterial Skin and Soft Tissue Infection in Dhaka, Bangladesh |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Tahmina Aktar || Syeda Tasneem Towhid || K M Shahidul Islam || Kaniz Fatema || Sazin Islam || Parimal Majumder || Suvamoy Datta |
Abstract: Specimen from 300 patients with different kinds of skin and soft tissue infections were collected and cultured on blood agar, MacConkey agar and chocolate agar. Colonies cultured in these media were identified by biochemical tests and then checked for antibiotic susceptibility. These data taken together with the patient history provided the prevalence of skin and soft tissue infections in Dhaka, Bangladesh. 32.42% of the skin and soft tissue infections were due to bacterial agents, with Escherichia coli (52%), Staphylococcus aureus (27%), Pseudomonas (18%), Acinetobacter (3%), Candida (1%), Serratia (1%) and Proteus (2%) being the major pathogens. Men within the age group of 40-60 years had the highest number (41.89%) of infections, with E coli (21.62%) being the most common pathogen. Women within the reproductive age (18-45 years) were infected by E coli, S aureus and Pseudomonas (16.67%) while E coli (23.33%) was the predominant cause of infections in post-menopausal women..
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[4]. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, Methods for Disk Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically, NCCLS Documant M2-A7, Wayne, National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards 7th edition, 2000. [5]. Petkovsek Z, Elersic K, Gubina M, Zgur-Bertok D, Starcic Erjavec M,Virulence potential of Escherichia coli isolates from skin and soft tissue infections, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 47(6),2009, 1811-7. [6]. Flamm RK, Sader HS, Jones RN, Spectrum and potency of ceftaroline against leading pathogens causing community-acquired respiratory tract and skin and soft tissue infections in Latin America, 2010, Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 17(5),2013,564-72.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Evaluation of the Chemical Composition of Five Nigerian Medicinal Plants |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Nduche, M. U. || Edeoga, H. O. || Omosun, G. || Nwankwo, D. |
Abstract: Five medicinal plants belonging to two families, Liganaecae and Asteraceae were investigated for chemical constituents which included tannin, phenol, sterol, saponin, flavonoids and alkaloids. The plants screened were Anthoclerista djalorensis, Spigella anthelmia, Ageratuim conyzoides, Conyza sumatrensis and Emilia coccinea. Saponin and tannin were high in the plants and ranged from 0.49±0.00 % to 3.12±0.00 % and 0.78±0.03 mg/100g to 2.38±0.00 % respectively. Alkaloid was found to range from 0.95±0.00 % to 1.77±0.01 % while flavonoid ranged from 1.50±0.03 % to 1.82±0.00 %. The nutritional contents of the plants were also determined and contained carbohydrate (49.88±0.16 to 56.32±0.00%), crude fiber (12.66±0.05 to 15.29±0.01%), crude ash (9.46±0.02 to 14.34±0.11%) and lipid (2.19±0.00 to 3.09±0.01%). These herbs are good sources of minerals such as Ca, Na, K, Fe, Mg and P. There were also high content of ascorbic acid (29.56±0.20 to 53.84±0.01 %) and thiamine (0.16±0.00 to 0.24±0.01 %). The role of these chemical constituents was investigated with respect to their significance in herbal medicine in Nigeria.
Keywords: chemical composition, medicinal plants, alkaloids, phenols and proximate content.
[1]. Adebolu, T.T. and Oladimeji, S.A., 2005. Antimicrobial activity of leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum on selected diarrhea causing bacteria in Southwestern Nigeria Afri. J. Biotechnol., 4: 682- 684. O. A. C.,1975.Official Method of analysis. 12th edn. Association of official analytical Chemists Washington D. C.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Evaluation of the Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Phytochemical activities of Methanolic and Aqueous Extract of Cissus aralioides Leaves on some selected pathogenic Microorganisms |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Eze, V.C. || Onoja, S.O. || Chikezie, J.C. |
Abstract: Plants used for traditional medicine contain a wide range of substances which can be used to treat various infectious diseases. Hence, methanol and aqueous extracts of Cissus aralioides leaves were analyzed for antioxidant, antimicrobial and phytochemical properties. The plant extract showed significant (P<0.05) antioxidant activities in both methanol and aqueous extracts. The antioxidant activity of both methanolic and aqueous extract of C. aralioides increased as the concentration increased with methanolic extracts showing higher antioxidant activity but both still lower than the standard (ascorbic acid).The methanolic and aqueous extracts of the test plant also showed presence of phytochemical constituents saponins, glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and sterol terpenes.
[1]. Adefuye, A.O. and Ndip, R.N. (2013). Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial evaluation of the ethyl acetate extract of the stem bark of Bridelia micrantha, Pharmacognosy Magazine; 9(33): 45–50.
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[3]. Assob, J.C., Kamga, H.L., Nsagha, D.S., Njunda, A.L., Nde, P.F., Asongalem, E.A., Njouendou, A.J., Sandjon, B. and Penlap, V.B. (2011). Antimicrobial and toxicological activities of five medicine plant species from Cameroon Traditional Medicine", BMC Complement. Altern. Med.; 11: 70-75.
[4]. Benedetti, S., Benvenah, F., Pagharami, S., Francegh, S., Stephano, S. and Canestrari, F. (2004). Antioxidant properties of a novel phycocyania extract from the blue–green alga, Aphanizomenonflos-aquae. Life Sci.; 75. 2353-2362. [5]. Bizimenyera, E.S., Swan, G.E., Samdumu, F.B., McGraw, L.J. and Eloff, J.N. (2007). Safety profiles of Peltophorum africanum Sond (Fabaceae) Extracts. South Afr. J. Sci.; 7: 66 –78.
[6]. Borokini, T.I. and Omotayo, F.O. (2012). "Comparative phytochemical analysis of selected medicinal plants in Nigeria. Int'l. J. Adv. Chem. Res.; 1(1): 011- 018.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Optimization of culture media for the growth of Anabaena spiroides and Nostoc punctiformae of Jorhat district, Assam |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Karabi Das || Dr.Gajen Chandra Sarma |
Abstract: Blue green algae are very common in Indian rice fields .The present study is focused towards developing ecofriendly technique for mass production and suitable bio-inoculum development for field application of BGA strains. For that purpose two BGA strain namely, Anabaena spiroides and Nostoc punctiformae were isolated from selected rice field of Jorhat district Assam, India. The purpose of this research was to determine the optimized media for Biomass production and chlorophyll-a concentrations in the cyanobacteria Anabaena spiroides and Nostoc punctiformae, which were maintained in eight different modified culture media. Keywords: Blue green algae, Anabaena spiroides and Nostoc punctiformae, modified media, Biomass production.
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[3]. Borowitzka M. A.,(2005): Culturing microalgae in outdoor ponds. In: Andersen, R. A. (ed.) Algal culturing techniques. Oxford, Elsevier Academic Press, pg. 205-218.
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[6]. Larned ST.,(1998): Nitrogen versus phosphorus limited growth and source of nutrient for coral reef microalgae, Marine Biology, 132 : 409-421.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Epidemiological Study of Chronic Myeloid Leukemic Patients |
| Country | : | Iraq |
| Authors | : | WelaaSalih AL-leban || Amel Ali AL-Taee || Hallamuhee || Hayder M.A. Shweliya |
Abstract: This study was aimed to evaluated the causative agents of chronic myeloid leukemia(CML),it was involved collecting of (92) samples from CML patients with ages of (6 month-76 year)fromcancer center of Mergan hospital in Babylon city. The parameters includedABO blood group, age, sex, history of family(Pedigree analysis) and smoking.Statistical analysis showed the presence of variable significant differences(p≤0.05) in the values, by which the incident was high in patient's of blood group A (30.45%), the percent of male inage group (31-40 years) was(28.51%) in contrast with the other groups, male (59.13%) than female (41.3%), positive family historywas (26.5)% while it was 73.47% in family of negative history, and smoking patients (58.69%). Conclusion;blood group A, small age group, male, smoking patientswere the most frequent to incident with CML in comparing with the other.
Keywords: chronic myeloid leukemia,CML,ABO,sex,age
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Knowledge on Cervical Cancer and It's Prevention among Women |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | J.Gunasundari, B.Sc || Prof. A. Rathiga.A M.Sc |
Abstract: Cervical cancer, the third most common cancer among women in the world, was responsible for 275,000 deaths in 2008, 88 per cent of which occurred in developing countries and 159,800 in Asia. One in every five women in the world suffering from cervical cancer belongs to India which has the largest burden of cervical cancer patients in the world. Thus in India, the one of preventing cervical cancer is on the women themselves. Therefore, it is the women's knowledge level, motivation for screening and other psychosocial factors that determine her health seeking behaviour. In India, most studies have either addressed compliance rate of attendees of specially arranged screening programmes or have been done in hospital settings. Hence, this study was aimed to ascertain the knowledge of the women on cervical cancer, screening practices and their determinants among women.
[1]. Murillo, R. Luna, J. Gamboa, O. Osorio, E. Bonilla, J. & Cendales R. (2010). Cervical cancer screening with naked-eye visual inspection in Colombia. International Journal Of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 109(3):230-234.
[2]. Pieralli, A. Fallani, MG. Lozza, V Corioni, S. Longinotti, M. Fambrini, M. et al. (2011). Age specific Distribution of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) mucosal infection among Young females. Open Journal Of Obstetrics And Gynecology , 1(3):104-108.
[3]. De Vuyst, H. Clifford ,GM. Nascimento ,MC. Madeleine, MM. Franceschi S.(2009)
[4]. Prevalence and type distribution of human papillomavirus in carcinoma and Intraepithelial neoplasia of the vulva, vagina and anus: A meta‐analysis. International Journal Of Cancer 124(7):1626-1636.
[5]. Coker, AL. Hopenhayn ,C. DeSimone, CP. Bush ,HM, Crofford, L. Violence against (2009) Women raise risk of cervical cancer. Journal Of Women's Health 18(8):1179-1185.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Synthesis, cytotoxic and antioxidant evaluation of some new N-{5-[(4-fluorophenyl) carbonyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl} -2-(3-oxo-2, 3-dihydro-1H-substitutedisoindol-1-yl) hydrazine carboxamides |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Kolanpaka Priyanka B. || Gade Sammaiah |
Abstract: The present study involves synthesis of new heterocyclic moieties and screening them for cytotoxic and antioxidant activities. The titled compounds were synthesized by condensation reaction with different substituted isatin derivatives. The compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity by MTT assay method and antioxidant activity by DPPH method. Among the compounds para chloro derivative was active as cytotoxic and ortho fluoro derivative was active as an antioxidant.
Key words: MTTassay, DPPHassay, cytotoxic.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Comparative Hypoglycemic Effects of Different Extract of Clitoria Ternatea Leaves on Rats |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | saxena abhishek || saxena vikas || kesheri minu || mishra pankaj |
Abstract: We evaluated the hypoglycemic effects of methanol, water, petroleum ether, chloroform extract of Clitoria ternatea leaves. The hypoglycemic effect was evaluated in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats for acute and sub acute effects. The extract of Clitoria ternatea also significantly reduced blood glucose level in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.
Keywords: Hypoglycemic, Clitoria ternatea, streptozocin, antidiabetic activity.
[1]. Agrawal P, Deshmukh S, Almal A,Patil, S Magdum, C S Mohite, S K and Nandgude, .Wild Flowers as Medicines, International Journal of Green Pharmacy; (2007) 1: 12-17
[2]. Barkat Ali Khan Investigation of the effects of extraction solvent technique on the antioxidant activity of Cassia fistula L. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research; 2012. Vol. 6(3), :500-503
[3]. Bartosikova L,.A Monitoring of antioxidative effect of morine in alloxan-induced diabetes on the laboratory rat. Aasin journal of pharmacy; 200372: 191-200
[4]. Jain R, A Shukla, S H and Saluja, In vitro evaluation of Clitoria ternatea stem extract for antidiabetic property. IJPSR, (2010). Vol. 1 (12): 88-94,
[5]. Jayakar B, Suresh B, Antihyperglycemic and hypoglycemic effect of Aporosa lindleyana in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. J. Ethnopharmacol. (2003). 84: 247-249
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Schistosoma Haematobium Infection in School Children in Rural Communities of Ebonyi State, Nigeria |
| Country | : | Nigeria. |
| Authors | : | Nneka .L. Ozowara || Oliver .O. Njoku || Oliver, O. Odikamnoro || Uhuo, Cosmas.A. |
Abstract: The study on the prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium among school children was conducted in Ezza North Local Government of Ebonyi State, Nigeria to determine the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis infection. Of the total of 812 pupils examined using the centrifugation method, 375(46.18%) were infected with Schistosoma haematobium, out of which 249 (48.06%) were males and 126 (42.85%) were females. The chi-square test revealed that difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The prevalence of infection was highest among the ages of 11-15 years, 250 (52.52%) while 5-10 years and ≥ 16 years had 82 (40.80%) and 43 (31.85%) respectively. Though, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the ages recorded.
[1]. Anosike, J.C, Nwoke, B.E.B, Okere, A.N., Alozie, J.I., Okoro, U.O. and Nwosu, D.C. (2001). Endemicity of Uninary Schistosomiasis in the North Central Zone of Abia State Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Health and Human Development 2 (2): 5 -12
[2]. Anosike, J.C. Oguwuike, T.U., Nwoke, B.E.B, Asor J.E., Ikpeama, C.A., Nwosu, O.C. and Ogbusu, F.L. (2006). studies on Vessical Schistosomiasis among Rural Ezza Farmers in the South East border of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Ann Agric Environ Med. 13:13-19
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Optimization of Process Parameters for the Production of Lipase in Submerged Batch Fermentation by Fusarium Sp |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Ire Francis Sopuruchukwu || Ezediokpu || Marycolette Ndidi || Okerentugba P.O |
Abstract: Production of lipase by Fusarium sp. isolated from soil in the University of Port Harcourt was studied in submerged batch fermentation. Lipase secretion by the fungus was detected in a Rhodamin B agar medium containing olive oil. Lipase production was investigated in shake-flask culture. Culture conditions and nutrient source modification studies involving carbon sources, nitrogen sources, medium pH as well as the time course were evaluated in this study. Lipase was detected in culture filtrate. Among the carbon and nitrogen sources; sucrose at 1.5% (7.7U/ml) and ammonium chloride at 2.5% (23.6 U/ml) was found to be the best carbon and nitrogen sources respectively. Manganese sulphate (0.1%) gave optimum lipase production among other metal ions studied. Among the different lipase inducers tested, crude oil (0.9%) and olive oil(1.0%) significantly (p<0.05) enhanced lipase production by the fungus.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Treatment of Periodontal Defects Following Surgical Extraction of Mandibular Third Molar |
| Country | : | Iran |
| Authors | : | Baratollah Shaban || Majid Eshghpour |
Abstract: Impacted mandibular third molar tooth has the potential to induce periodontal problems in the distal root of second molar tooth. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous biomaterial which has been used to enhance soft and hard tissue regeneration. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of PRP in management of periodontal pocket at the distal root of mandibular second molar tooth.49 patients with mesioangulary impacted third molar and periodontal problems at the distal part of adjacent second molar entered the study. The probing depth (PD) of distal root of second molar had to be more than 7.5 mm with clinical attachment loss (CAL) of more than 6 mm. In the study group PRP was applied at the osseous defect following third molar surgery while in control group nothing was used. PD, CAL, and alveolar bone loss (ABL) were re-evaluated after 6 months. After 6 months, study group had significantly higher attachment gain, lower PD, and lower ABL. Based on the results it could be concluded that PRP is an effective measure to enhance the regeneration of periodontal tissues following surgical extraction of mesioangulary impacted mandibular third molar tooth.
Keywords: Alveolar Bone Height, Attachment Loss, Impacted Mandibular Third Molar, Platelet-rich Plasma, Probing Depth.
[1] M. Eshghpour, A. Nezadi, A. Moradi, R.M. Shamsabadi, N.M. Rezaei, and A. Nejat, Pattern of mandibular third molar impaction: A cross-sectional study in northeast of Iran, Nigerian journal of clinical practice, 17 (6), 2015, 673-677.
[2] G. Sammartino, M. Tia, G. Marenzi, A.E. di Lauro, E. D'Agostino, P.P Claudio, Use of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in periodontal defect treatment after extraction of impacted mandibular third molars, J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 63, 2005, 766-71.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Comparative Study of Some Natural and Artificial Food Coloring Agents on Depression, Anxiety and Anti-Social Behavior in Weanling Rats |
| Country | : | Egypt |
| Authors | : | Salwa K. El-Nabarawy || Omyma K. Radwan || Suzan F. El-Sisi || Areeg M. Abdel-razek |
Abstract: Tartrazine (Tar) is a yellow colorant widely used in food products, drugs and cosmetics. The current study evaluates the effect of ingestion of Tar at doses of 1%, 3% on depression, anxiety and antisocial behavior then comparing between its effect and the combined effect of each dose with curcumin (Cur) (natural yellow color). Forced swimming test, open field test and social interaction test were performed to assess the potential hazard of Tar and the anti-depression like effect of Cur in combined treatment. Furthermore, monoamines [dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT)] were estimated in three different brain areas (frontal cortex, Striatum and hippocampus) of weanling albino rats. Tar intake significantly promoted depression as expressed by prolonged immobilization during forced swimming test. Anxiogenic effect of Tar was evidently observed during open field test and impairment in social interaction test. Tar alone also inhibited neurotransmitters releases while combined treatment of Cur significantly attenuated all the behavioral and biochemical alterations in serum and different brain regions of Tar-treated weanling rats. This study provides evidences that a causal link truly exists between Tar and depression, anxiety and antisocial behavior while Cur possesses potent anxiolytic and antidepressant-like activities, these activities attenuate the potential hazards of Tar.
Keywords: color additives, Tartrazine, curcumin, depression, antisocial behavior, anxiety, monoamines.
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