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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Enhancing the Utilisation of Keratinases by using Immobilised Chitosan Beads |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | D. Aruna Devi || V.V.Lakshmi |
Abstract: Whole cell immobilization provides easy separation of cells with enhanced stability and reusability. Immobilizations of four Bacillus sp. cells using Chitosan matrix prolonged the utilization of keratinase for biodegradation of feather significantly as compared with the free cells. The keratinase activity of cells entrapped using chitosan was higher by over1.5 fold. A maximum keratinase activity of 958 U/ml was realized when compared with that of the free cells, which was in the range of 335-560 U/ml. The utilization of keratinase could further be enhanced by another three folds upon immobilization, as the beads could be recycled for three batches spanning for 15 days achieving 100% degradation of feather in all the batches.
[1]. Y Shigeri, T Matsui , K Watanable . Decomposition of intact chicken feathers by a thermophile in combination with an Acidulocomposting garbage-Treatment process. Biosci.Biotech Biochem, 73 (11), 2009, 2519-2521. [2]. Mc. Govern Recycling poultry feathers: More bang for the cluck. Environ Health Prospect., 108(8),2000, 366-369. [3]. P Anbu, SCB Gopinath , A Hilda et al. Optimization of extracellular keratinase production by poultry farm isolate Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. Bioresour.Technol, 2011, 98, 1298–1303. [4]. J. Grad I. Friedrich, J. Kriza, R. Jerala Similarities and Specificities of fungal Keratinolytic Proteases Comparison of Keratinases of Paecilomycetes marquandii and Doratomyces microspores to some known proteases ,Applied Envirnomental Microbiology, 71, 2005, 3420- 3426. [5]. S.Bockel, A.M.Diamy, A.Richard Optical Diagnostics of Active species in N-2 Microwave flowing post discharges, Surface Coatings Techol. 74(5), 1995, 474–478
[6]. C.G Cai, BG Lou , XD Zheng Keratinase production and keratin degradation by mutant strain of Bacillus subtilis, J.Zhejiang Univ. Sci., B:9, 2008, 60-67.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Physical And Phytochemicals Study Of Some Local Herbal Remedies |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Bello Abdullahi Abdu || Uzairu Adamu || Sallau Muhammad Sani || Okunola Oluwole Joshua |
Abstract: Herbal preparations have been used for an immemorial period for physiological and psychological well-being. Phytochemicals are attributable for such effects. The quality index of herbal remedies include among some parameters, phytochemicals, ash and moisture content. Analyses were carried out by ignition method to determine the moisture, ash value, acid insoluble ash and water soluble ash of herbal remedies produced in Northern Nigeria with the aim to ascertain their quality. Also, standard methods were used to determine concentrations (g/100g) of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins and tannins. The moisture, ash value, acid insoluble ash and water soluble ash showed range of 3.55-8.58, 3.9-43.92, 0.69-86.47 and 0.19-30.75% respectively.
[1]. O. Akerele, Nature's medicinal bounty, don't throw it away. World Health Forum14, 1993, 390-395.
[2]. B. E. Agbo, and Mboto, C. I. Phytochemicals and Antibacterial evaluation of selected locally produced herbal medicines sold in Calabar, Nigeria. Arch. Appl. Sci. Res., 4 (5), 2012, 1974-1990.
[3]. S.O. Okeniyi, B. J. Adedoyin, , and S. Garba, Phytochemical screening, cytotoxicity, antioxidant and antimicrobial Activities of stem and leave extracts of Euphorbia heterophylla. Bull. Environ. Pharmacol. Life Sci. 1(8), 2012, 87 – 91.
[4]. G. Bras, S.E. Brooks and D.C. Watler Cirrhosis of liver in Jamaica. J.P athol. Bacteriol 82, 1961, 503-512.
[5]. R.B. Bhat, Medicinal plants and traditional practices of Xhosa people in the Transkei region of Eastern Cape, South Africa. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge. 13(2), 2014, 292-298.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Isolation of Bacteriocin Producing Lactobacillus species from fermented food like Idli and their antibacterial assay |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Borase J. V. || Thombare D. T. || Choudhary R. S. || Shinde H. S. |
Abstract: In present study bacteriocin producing Lactobacillus species were isolated from idli and bacteriocin was produced from Lactobacillus spp. by fermentation. After isolation of bacteriocin it was tested for antibacterial activity against five food spoilage causing and human pathogenic bacteria i.e., Bacillus licheniformis, Streptococcus thermophillus, Streptococcus acidophilus, Escherichia coli and Zymomonas anaerobia. In antibacterial assay bacterocin has showed as a strong antibacterial agent against all five bacteria by forming zone of inhibition of 18mm, 22mm, 19mm, 17mm and 21mm respectively. Standard antibiotic Erythromycin was used as a positive control and DMSO was used as negative control. This study revealed the possibility of using bacteriocin as biopreservative to control food spoilage causing bacteria
Keywords: Bacteriocin, biopreservative, idli, Lactobacillus spp.
[1]. P.A. Agaliya and K. Jeevaratnam. Molecular characterization of lactobacilli isolated from fermented idli batter. Braz J Microbiol 44(4), 2013, 1199–1206.
[2]. R. Dave and N.P. Shah. Evaluation of media for selective enumeration of Streptococcus thermophillus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii spp. Bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Biofidobacterium spp. J Dairy Sci (79), 1996, 1529-1536.
[3]. W.F. Harrigan and E.M. McCance. Laboratory methods in food and dairy microbiology, Academic Press Inc., 1970. p224.
[4]. S.D. Todorov and L. M. T. Dicks. Screening for bacteriocin -producing lactic acid bacteria from boza, a traditional cereal beverage from Bulgaria, Comparison of bacteriocins. Process Biochem J (41), 2006, 11-19.
[5]. I. A. Holder and S. T. Boyce. Agar well diffusion assay testing of bacterial susceptibility to various antimicrobials in concentrations non-toxic for human cells in culture. Burns 20(5), 1994, 426-429. [6]. U. Narayanapillai, D. Senbagam, B. Senthilkumar , K. Nithya, and R. Gurusamy. Production of bacteriocin and their application in food products. Asian Pacific J Trop Biomedicine 2012, S406-S410.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Hypolipidemic Activity of Lepidium Sativum Linn. Seed in Rats |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | A. K. Shukla || P. Bigoniya || P. Soni |
Abstract: The hypolipidemic activity of Lepidium sativum (family: Brassicaceae) seed sapogenin and flavonoid extract (LSTS and LSTF) was studied against Triton x-100 and high cholesterol diet (HCD) induced hyperlipidemia on rats. The parameters assessed were serum total protein, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDLc), lipoprotein ratio (LDLc/HDLc), risk ratio (TC/HDL), Atherogenic Index (AI) and histopathology of liver.
[1] U.C. Gupta, and G.C. Jain, Study on Hypolipidemic activity of Cassia fistula. Legume in Rats, Asian Journal of Experimental Science, 23(1), 2009, 241-248.
[2] K. Raida, A. Nizar, and S. Barakat, The Effect of Crataegus aronica aqueous extract in rabbits fed with high cholesterol diet. European Journal of Science and Research, 22, 2008, 352-360.
[3] World Health Organization Statistical Information System (WHOSIS), Available online, http://www3.who.int/whosis/menu.cfm, Accessed on 13 January 2011.
[4] M. Navab, A.M. Fogelman, and J.A. Berliner, Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. American Journal of Cardiology, 76, 1995, 18c-23c.
[5] R. Ross, The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: A perspective for the 1990s. Nature, 362, 1996, 801-809.
[6] G.N. Levine, J.F. Keaney, and J.A. Vita, Cholesterol reduction in cardiovascular diseases: clinical benefits and possible mechanism, New England Journal of Medicine, 332, 1995, 512-515.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | The Importance of the Chemical Composition of Henna Tree Leaves (Lawsonia inermis) and its Ability to Eliminate Tinea pedis, with Reference to the Extent of Usage and Storage in the Saudi Society, Taif, KSA |
| Country | : | Saudi Arabia |
| Authors | : | Sherifa Mostafa M. Sabra || Luluah Mohammed R. Al-Masoudi || Hala Abd El-Mageed E. Hasan || Samar Ahamed H. Al-Gehani || Alaa Ali O. Abu-Harbah |
Abstract: This paper were done for study the importance of the chemical composition of Henna tree leaves (Lawsonia inermis) (L.I) and its ability to eliminate Tinea pedis (T.P), with reference to the extent of usage and storage in the Saudi Society, Taif, KSA. L.I leaves natural constituents were essential oils, 1,4-naphtho-quinone, tannins, gallic acid, flavonoids, lipids, sugars, tri-acontyl tri-decanoate, mannitol, xanthones, coumarins, resins, tannic ingredients and lawsone. The prevalence of in-vitro total fungicidal-test for L.I-WEs against T.P by used (5, 10 and 15%) Conc., at (13, 9 and 5hrs.),
[1]. Habbal, A., El-Hag, A., Al-Mahrooqi, Z. and Al-Hashmi. N., 2005. In-vitro antimicrobial activity of Lawsonia inermis linn (Henna). A pilot study on the Omani Henna. Saudi Med. J., 26:69-72.
[2]. Singh, M., Jindal, S., Kavia, Z., Jangid, B. and Khem, C., 2005. Traditional Methods of Cultivation and Processing of Henna. Henna, Cultivation, Improvement and Trade. Jodhpur, India: C. Arid Zone Res. I. pp.:21-14.
[3]. Ahmadian, S. and Fakhree, M., 2009. Henna (Lawsonia inermis) might be used to prevent mycotic infection. Med. Hypotheses.,73:629-630.
[4]. Gagandeep, C., Sandeep, G. and Priyanka, P., 2010. Lawsonia inermis Linnaeus: A Phyto-pharmacological Review. Int. J. Pharma. Sci. Drug Res., 2:91-98.
[5]. Kirkland, D. and Marzin, D., 2003. An assessment of the geno-toxicity of 2-hydroxy-1, 4-naphthoquinone, the natural dye ingredient of Henna. Mutation Res., 537:183-199.
[6]. Sukh, Dev., 2006. A selection of prime Ayurvedic Plant Drugs, Ancient- modern concordance. Anamaya Publishers, New Delhi, pp.:276-279.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Enhancement of Solubility and Bioavailability of Etravirine Solid Dispersions by Solvent Evaporation Technique with Novel Carriers |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | K. Ramesh || B. Chandra Shekar || P. Khadgapathi || D.V.R.N Bhikshapathi || N. Gourav |
Abstract: Among the different solubility enhancement techniques, solid dispersion is the most efficient technique in improving the solubility and rate of in-vitro / and in-vivo dissolution of poorly soluble drug substance (s). Etravirine is a new non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor of human immune deficiency virus type 1, which is belongs to BCS class IV molecule. In the present study, immediate release solid dispersion of antiretroviral Etravirine was formulated by solvent evaporation technique.
[1]. Leuner C, and Dressman J, Improving drug solubility for oral delivery using solid dispersions, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 50 (1), 2000, 47 – 60.
[2]. Wagh VT, Jagtap VA, Shaikh TJ, and Nandedkar SY, Formulation and Evaluation of Glimepiride Solid Dispersion Tablets for Their Solubility Enhancement, J. Adv. Sci. Res., 3(4), 2012. 36-41.
[3]. Pouton CW, Formulation of poorly water soluble drugs for oral administration: Physicochemical and physiological issues and the lipid formulation classification systems, Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 29, 2006, 278-87.
[4]. Koh PT, Chuah JN, Talekar M, Gorajana A, and Garg S, Formulation development and dissolution rate enhancement of efavirenz by solid dispersion systems, Indian. J. Pharm. Sci., 75(3), 2013, 291-301.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | The response of eleven sweet potato (Ipomoeabatatas (L.)Lam) cultivars to Infection by Meloidogynespp in Jos, Nigeria. |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Okechalu, O. B. || Wonang, D. L. |
Abstract: The response of elevensweet potato (Ipomoeabatatas (L.)Lam) cultivars to infection by Meloidogynespp was evaluated between August 2007 and December 2007. The susceptibility of eleven (11) sweet potato cultivars to root-knot nematode infection was investigated in the botanical nursery of the University of Jos, using steam sterilized soil in clay pots. The cultivars used were E10, CIP Mat 32, CIP Mat 31, CIP 440168, Wagabolige, TIS 86/0356, Ex-Igbariam, TIS 87/0087, E4, CIP Mat 3 and TIS 2532 Op.1.13. Each cultivar was replicated sixteen (16) times. Eight (8) replicates of each cultivar were inoculated with 3000 juveniles of root-knot nematodes and the remaining eight replicates served as control.
[1]. Adesiyan, D.S.;Caveness, F.E.; Adeniyi, N. O. and Fawole B. (1990). Nematode pest of tropical crops. Heinemann Educational Books (Nig.) LTD, Ibadan, Nigeria 114pp
[2]. Afolami, S. O.; Atungwu, J. J.; Orisajo, S.B. and Odeyemi, S. (2004). Going beyond gall index in studying and reporting resistance to root knot nematodes.Nigeria Journal of Plant Protection 21:25-32.
[3]. Agrios, G.N. (1986). Plant Pathology. Academic Press, New York. Pp 612- 630.
[4]. Doubrava, N. and Blake, J. H. (2000).Root-knot nematodes in vegetable garden.Home and Garden Information Centre, South Carolina, USA, p3.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Antidiabetic, Antihyperlipidemic and Antioxidant Properties of Roots of Ventilago Maderaspatana Gaertn. On Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Damayanthi Dalu || Satyavati Dhulipala |
Abstract: Different extracts (Alcoholic, Hydroalcoholic and Chloroform) of Ventilago maderaspatana (V.maderaspatana; Family- Rhamnaceae) were evaluated for toxicity unto 3000 mg kg-1. In oral glucose tolerance test chloroform extract did not produce significant glucose lowering effect. Alcoholic and hydroalcoholic extracts of V.maderaspatana (VMAE and VMHAE) elicited significant glucose tolerance effect. Hence VMAE and VMHAE were screened further by streptozocin induced diabetic model. VMAE and VMHAE significantly lowered blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, creatinine, urea and increased HDL cholesterol, serum insulin and liver glycogen levels when compared to standard drug glibenclamide (10 mg kg-1).
[1]. AL. Vinik, E. Vinik E, Prevention of the complications of diabetes, Am J Manag Care, 9 (3), 2003, 63-80.
[2]. International diabetes federation. Diabetes Atlas 2009; 4th edition. Available from: http://www.diabetes atlas. Org [last accessed on 2010 feb 3].
[3]. AM. Signorini, C. Fondelli, E. Renzoni, C. Puccetti, G. Gragnoli, G. Giorgi, Antioxidant effect of glicazide, glibenclamide and metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, Current Therapeutics Res, 63, 2002, 411-20.
[4]. D. Giugliano, A.Ceriello, G. Paolisso, Oxidative stress and diabetic vascular complications, Diabetes Care, 19, 1996, 257-67.
[5]. H. Kaneto, N. Katakami, D. Kawamori, T. Miyatsuka, TA.Sakamoto, Matsuoka, Involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of diabetes, Antioxidants Redox Signal, 9, 2007, 355-66.
[6]. M.Umashankar, S. Shruti, Traditional Indian herbal medicine used as antipyretic, antiulcer, antidiabetic and anticancer: A review, Int J Res in Pharm and Chem, 1, 2011, 1152-9.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Morphotaxonomic Assesement of Simulium Damnosum and Onchocerciasis in Hypoendemic Areas, Ijebu- North Local Government, Southwest Nigeria |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Abimbola, 'W.A || Agbolade, O.M || Sam-Wobo, S.H || Akindele, S.T. |
Abstract: Onchocerciasis (river blindness), a parasitic disease caused by a nematode called Onchocerca volvulus, transmitted by the S. damnosum Theobald complex has been named the third most important cause of preventable blindness in the tropics. Recent studies in Nigeria have indicated that some areas formerly considered to be hypo-endemic may now be endemic due to migration of S. damnosum s.l. This work therefore is to identify the S. damnosum complex in the area and whether they are free from transmission of O. volvulus. Black flies were collected with the help of consented trained fly catchers. A structured questionnaire was also administered. The flies were examined and identified using morphotaxonomic characters. The flies were dissected for parousity and infectivity. A total of 970 S. damnosum complex was caught. Catch was abundant in the hours of 7-8a.m and least around 1-2pm. 60.4% were nulliparous.
[1]. Adeleke, M. A., Sam-Wobo S. O., Olatunde, G. O., Akinwale, O. P., Ekpo,U. F. And Mafiana, C. F. (2011a). Bioecology of Simulium Damnosum Theobald Complex along Osun River, Southwest Nigeria.Journal of Rural and Tropical Public Health, Volume 10: 39 ‐ 43.
[2]. Boakye D.A (1993). A pictorial guide to the chromosomal identification of members of the Similium damnosum Theobald complex in West Africa with particular reference to the Onchocerciasis control Programme area. Tropical Medicine and Parasitology.44: 223-243.
[3]. Crosskey, R.W (1981). A review of Simulium damnosum s.1 and human onchocerciasis in Nigeria with special reference to geographical distribution and development of a Nigeria control campaign. Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 32: 2-6
[4]. Edungbola, L.D., Watts, S.J., Kayode O.O (1987). Endemicity and striking manifestation on onchocerciasis in Shao. Kwara State Nigeria. African Journal of Medicine and Medical Science. 16(3): 147-156.
[5]. Ibeh O. O., Nwoke B. E. B. and Adegoke J. A. (2005) Distribution and ecology of breeding sites of Simulium damnosum s.l. in south eastern primary health zone of Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Parasitology 28, 32–38.
[6]. Sam-Wobo, S.O, Adeleke, M.A, Jayeola,O.A, Adeyi,A.O, Oluwole,A.S, Adewale, B, Mafiana,C.F. Bissan, Y, Toe,L, Yameogo, L, Mutabaruka, E, and Amazigo U.V. (2013) Seasonal fluctuations of Simulium damnosum complex and its evaluation for onchocerca volvulus along Nigeria-Benin Border Rivers Systems, South Western Nigeria. International Journal of Tropical insect Science Cambridge Press, UK.