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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Molecular Analysis of Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. and Mucuna cochinchinensis (Lour.) A. Chev. Using RAPD Markers Helps to Understand Genetic Variations |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Shah RG. || Malgaonkar MM. || Shirolkar AR || Sangvikar SG || Murthy SN. || Pawar SD. || Kulkarni YR |
Abstract: Fifteen species of Mucuna species are reported so far from India which are being used in the name of Kapikacchu by the ayurvedic practitioners since ancient times. Kapikacchu is an ingredient of several commercial preparations that are being used as an aphrodisiac in male sexual disorders. The samples of Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. and Mucuna cochinchinensis (Lour.) A. Chev. were authenticated, analyzed and compared to illustrate the phylogenetic relationships between them. In this study, a set of 25 plants RAPD universal primers (RPI 1 – RPI 25) were used for genomic DNA amplification. The amplicons were compared and the phylogenetic tree was drawn with the help of bioinformatic analysis tool UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) by applying Jaccard's distance method. The Jaccard's similarity coefficient values suggested good variability in these two Mucuna sps.
[1]. Albert, M.J., Bhuiyan, N.A., Talukder, K.A., Faruque, A.S.G., Nahar, S., Faruque, S.M., Ansaruzzaman, M. and Rahman, M. (1997). Phenotypic and genotypic changes in Vibrio cholerae 0139 Bengal. J. Clini. Microbio, 35: 2588–2592.
[2]. Anonymous. (2005). The Wealth of India Raw Materials, NISCAIR Publishing New Delhi, L-M; VI: 439-444.
[3]. Anonymous. (2006). The Wealth of India- Raw Materials. First Suppl Ser. NISCAIR; 166-167.
[4]. Bhat, K.V., Babrekar, P.P. and Lakhanpaul, S. (1999). Study of genetic diversity in Indian and exotic sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) germplasm using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Euphytica, 110: 21-34.
[5]. British Pharmacopoeia. (1973), London.
[6]. Daxenbichler, M.E., Van Etten, C.H., Hallman, E.A., Earle, F.R. and Barclay, A.S. (1971). Seeds as sources of L-DOPA. J. Med. Chem. 14: 463.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Status, Diversity and Ecology of Mammals of Trans-Himalayan Rakchham-Chhitkul Wildlife Sanctuary in Baspa (Sangla) Valley, District Kinnaur, Himachal Pradesh, India |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Rakesh Kumar Negi || H.S. Banyal |
Abstract: The exploration of Rakchham- Chhitkul Wildlife Sanctuary present in the Baspa (Sangla) valley situated in remote tribal district of Kinnaur in Himachal Pradesh, India revealed the presence of a diverse population of 23 species of mammals belonging to 20 genera, 11 families and 5 orders. It was noticed that order Carnivora being the most diverse order with 12 species followed by orders Artiodactyla and Rodentia with 4 species each. 2 species of order Primate and a single species of order Logomorpha were observed in the sanctuary. The mammalian species reported presented an assemblage of unique and threatened species of mammals. The analysis of data revealed that twelve species have been listed in CITES, while out of the twenty three species reported eleven species have been placed under different schedules of Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972. A total of six species reported from the study area were found to be declared threatened by IUCN.
Keywords: Mammals, Trans-Himalayan, Rakchham-Chhitkul Wildlife Sanctuary, Baspa(Sangla) Valley, District Kinnaur.
[1]. Alfred, J.R.B., Sinha, N. K. and Chakraborty, S.(2002). Checklist of Mammals of India. Published by Director, Zool. Surv.India, Kolkata. Rec. zool. Surv. India, Occ.Paper. 199: 1-289.
[2]. Bhatnagar, Y.V.(1993). Pin Valley National Park and its Wildlife. The Himalayan Journal,50: 202-204
[3]. Bhatnagar, Y.V. (1997). Ranging and habitat utilization by the Himalayan Ibex(Capra ibexsibrica) in Pin Valley National Park.Ph.D. thesis submitted to Saurashtra University, Rajkot, India.
[4]. Blanford,W.T.(1888-1891). Fauna of British India-Mammalia. Taylor and Francis, London,xx 617pp.
[5]. Burnham, K.P.; Anderson, D.R. and Laake, J.L. (1980). Estimation of density from line transect sampling of biological populations. Wildlife Monograph No. 72,The Wildlife Society, USA. 202 pp
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Distribution of Salicornia brachiata in Relation to Physico-Chemical and Soil Characteristics in Godavari Estuary, AP, India |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | G.M.Narasimha Rao || P. Prayaga Murty |
Abstract: Salicornia brachiata is a halophyte occurs in estuarine habitats of mangrove regions. Plants popularly known as Sea asparagus are cooked and eaten or pickled. It is also a good fodder for cattle, sheep and goat. Plant material is also used as raw material in paper and board factories. Its seeds yield high quality edible oil which is highly poly unsaturated and similar to safflower oil in fatty acid. Six study sites were selected in different parts of the estuary for collection of data on distribution of Salicornia brachiata populations in relation to Physico-chemical and soil characteristics. Transects were made to get the data on density of the Salicornia populations and soil samples were collected from different stations along the transect line to collect the information on soil salinity, soil pH and ratios of silt, clay and silt content in the sediments.
[1]. E. Gleen, WO Lwary and W. Corolyn Salicornia Bigelovii Torr: An oil seed halophyte for planting density and soil residue amendment, Plant soil, 1, 1991, 23-322
[2]. E. Glenn, N Hicks and J. Riley Seawater Irrigation of Halophyts and Biosaline agriculture . Marcel Dekker, New York,1995,pp.221.
[3]. Satish, S, Reddt MP and Iyengar ERR, Ecophysiological studies on Salicornia brachiata, Proceedings of the International Symposium,Jodhpur,India,1991.
[4]. GM Narasimha Rao, V Lakshminarayana, and BN Reddi, Distribution and composition of halophytes at Vainateyam estuary,Andhra Pradesh, Plant Sci.Res.,34 (1&2), 2012,97-98.
[5]. GM Narasimha Rao, and BN , Reddi, Distribution and density of Salicornia brachiata ( a potential halophyte) in Godavari estuary. IJBPAS 2(4), 2013, 974-979.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Boerhaavia Diffusa Linn against Cisplatin Induced Nephrotoxicity |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | G.Nalini || N.Chidambaranathan || N. Jegan || M.Santhana kumar || K.Marimuthu |
Abstract: To evaluate the Nephroprotective effect of Hydroalcoholic extract of Boerhaavia diffusa (HAEBD) in Cisplatin induced acute failure in rats. Materials & Methods: Adult female Wistar rats were divided into five groups.G1(Normal Control), G2( Toxic control), G3(Perse control with silymarin), HAEBD (200mg/kg and400mg/kg) , were adminstred orally to G4 & G5.Cisplatin was used to induce acute renal failure. The parameters studied included Serum creatinine, BUN, Urea, alkaline phosphatase & markers of oxidative stress such as renal malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxidase dismutase(SOD), glutathione(GSH), Glutathione peroxidase(GPx), catalase(CAT) in renal cortical homogenates. Histopathological examination also carried out.
[1]. Safirstein R, Winston J, Goldstein M, Moel D, Dikman S, Guttenplan J: Cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Am J Kidney Dis 1986, 8:356–367.
[2]. Osanto S, Bukman A, Van Hoek F, Sterk PJ, De Laat JA, Hermans J: Longterm effects of chemotherapy in patients with testicular cancer. J ClinOncol 1992, 10:574–579.
[3]. Gonzalez Ricardo, Romay Cheyla, Borrego A, Merino FH, Zamora MZ, and Rojas E
[4]. Inflamm. 2005; 3: 139-143.
[5]. Dobyn DC, Levi J, Jacobs C, Kosek J, Weiner MW . Mechanism of cis-platinum nephrotoxicity: Morphologic observations, J.Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.,1980, 213: 551-556.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | A Large Rhinolith and Importance of Nasal Endoscopy: A Case Report |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Roohie Singh || J R Galagali || Santosh Kumar |
Abstract: Rhinolith is stone formation within the nasal cavity. We describe a case of large rhinolith of right nasal cavity in a 51 yrs old female with history of foul smelling right nasal discharge and right epiphora. The rhinolith was removed using rigid nasal endoscope. Keywords: Epiphora, Intranasal, Nasal cavity, Rhinolith, Rigid nasal endoscope
[1]. Keck T, Liener K, Strater J, Rozsasi A. Rhinolith of the nasal septum. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2000; 53: 225-228.
[2]. Carder HM, Hill JJ. Asymptomatic rhinolith: A brief review of then literature and case report. Laryngoscope 1996; 76:524-30
[3]. Singh RK, Varshney S, Bisht SS, Gupta N, Bhatia R, Kishor S. A case of rhinolithiasis. OJHAS 2008;7(2): 7-9. (online journal)
[4]. Langlais RP, Langland OE, Nortje CJ. Diagnostic imaging of the jaws. Chapter 19 "Soft tissues radiopacities". Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore 1995;630-31.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Formulation and Evaluation of Floating Microcapsules of Zolpidem Tartarate |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Sachin. S.Patil || Dr. V.V.S.Rajendra Prasad || Dr .Beduin Mahanty || Dr. Vinay Rao. |
Abstract: The hydro dynamically balanced modified release dosage form of ZOPLIDEM TARTARATE was targeted to be developed using a unique microcapsules platform..Microcapsules were formulated using Ethyl cellulose 7 cps as the controlled release polymer, HPMC 5 cps as the pore former and DCM and IPA as solvents for the drug and polymers. Water with 1% Tween 80 was used as the continuous phase. The formulation was optimized by using statistically designed 23 Design of experiments. The particle size, particle yield, drug content, entrapment efficiency, buoyancy studies and in vitro dissolution profile were the measurable parameters.
[1]. Swarbrick J. Encyclopedia of pharmaceutical technology. 3rd ed. NewYork-London: Informa Healthcare; 2007. Vol. 3. p. 1850-60.
[2]. Brahmankar D.M. and Jaiswal S.B. Biopharmaceutis and Pharmakokinetics: A Tretise. 1st edition, Vallabh Prakashan, New Delhi,2006,335-357.
[3]. Tortora G. P10rinciples of Anatomy and Physiology. 11thedition, John Wiley &Son's Inc.,US.2006,911-915.
[4]. Jain N. K. Progress in Controlled and Novel Drug Delivery Systems. 1st edition, C. B. S. publishers, New Delhi, 2008, 76-97.
[5]. Vyas S.and Khar R.K. Controlled Drug Delivery: Concepts and Advances. 1stedition, Vallabh Prakashan, New Delhi,2002,196-215.
[6]. Mona Semalty*, Shikha Yadav and Ajay semalty. Preparation and characterization of gastroretentive floating microspheres of ofloxacin Hcl. International journal of pharmaceutical sciences and nano technology vol 3, Issue 1 April-June 2010.
[7]. Nagesh C, venkatesh J S, Santhosh Raj M, Jagadish Rabadia, Sindhu Patil, Shankraiah M*. Intragastric Floating Drug Delivery System of Levofloxacin: Formulation and Evaluation. J. Pharm. Sci. & Res. Vol.3(6), 2011, 1265-1268.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Effect of Varying Drying Temperature on the Antibacterial Activity of Moringaoleifera Leaf (Lam) |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Ibrahim I. Hussein || Miriam Mamman || Mansur Abdulrasheed |
Abstract: The use of herbal and medicinal plant for traditional therapeutic measure and health care services began since pre-historical time and currently exploited especially in modern medicine. This study investigated the effects of different drying temperature on the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of M. oleifera leaf. Fresh leaves of M. oleifera were dried separately at varying temperature by sun drying, oven drying and air drying methods, grinded into powdered form and extracted with ethanol. The ethanolic extracts were used for antibacterial susceptibility test using agar disc diffusion method. All the three clinical bacterial isolates such as E. coli, S. aureus and S. typhiwere susceptible to the ethanolic extract of M. oleifera leaf which signified its antibacterial potency.
[1]. Uprety, Y. Asselin, H. Boon, E.K. Yadav, S. Shrestha, K.K. (2010) Indigenous uses andbio-efficacy of medicinal plants in the Rasuwa district, Central Nepal. J. Ethno boil Ethno med.
[2]. Sofowora, E.A. (1984). Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine in Africa.JohnWiley and Sons Inc.New York, pp256-257.
[3]. Anwar, F. Latif, S. Ashraf, M. Gilani, A.H. (2005) Moringaoleifera: A food plant with multiple medicinal uses. Phytothermic Research. 21:17-25.
[4]. Suck, D. (1989) Higher plants as a source of drugs. 2nd edition, Macmillan publishing Company limited, London. Pp. 15 – 65.
[5]. Okeke, I.N. Lamikanra, A. and Edelman, H. (1999) Socioeconomic and behavioural factors leading to acquired bacterial resistance to antibiotics in developing countries. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 5: 18 – 27.
[6]. Sudhakar, M. Rao, V. Rao, P.M. and Raju, D.B. (2006) Evaluation of Antimicrobial activity of Cleome viscose and Gmelinaasiatica.Fitoterapia.77: 47 – 49.
[7]. Khan, M. R. Omoloso, A. D. and Barewai, Y. (2006) Antimicrobial activity of the Derris elliptica, Derris indicaand Derris trifoliate extractives. Fitoterapia. 77: 327 – 330.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Detection of enzymatic activities of Candida species isolated from hospitalized patients in Hilla |
| Country | : | |
| Authors | : | Nebras N. Al- Dabagh |
Abstract: To investigate some virulence factors in Candida species isolated from patients with suspected fungal infection in Hilla . A total of 200 Candida isolates were isolated ; Candida albicans was the predominant species 123 (61. 5% ) , followed by C. tropicalis 38 (19 % ) , C. glabrata 24 (12%) , C.parapsilosis 8 ( 4%) , C. krusei 5 (2.5 %) , C. guillermonidii 1 (0.5 %) , C . dubliniensis 1 (0.5 %) . In the present study ,phospholipase activity of Candida species were demonstrated using egg yolk agar while casein agar was used for proteinase activity .
[1]. Abu – Elteen , K . H., Elkarmi, A.Z.& Hamad , M .(2001) . Characterization of Phenotype – based pathogenic determinants various Candida albicans strains in Jordan . Jpn . J. Infect . Dis . 54 : 229 – 236 .
[2]. Cruickshank,R.,Duguie,G.P.,MarmionB.P&Swain,R.H.A(1975).MedicalMicrobiol -ogy.vol.2 . 12 th ed Chruchill, Livingstone, Edinburg.London .
[3]. Fotedar R, AL- Hedaithy SS.(2005) . Comparison of phospholipase and proteinase activity in Candida albicans and C. dubliniensis . 48 : 62- 7
[4]. Ghannoum MA, (2000). Potential role of phospholipases in virulence and fungal pathogenesis. Clin Microbiol Rev 13:122–143.
[5]. Kantarcioglu,A.S & Yacel ,A.(2002) .Phospholipase and protease activities in clinical Candida isolates with references to the sources of strains . Mycosis . 45 : 160 – 165.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | The Implications of Autonomization on Service Delivery in Public Hospitals in Kenya |
| Country | : | Kenya |
| Authors | : | Wavomba, P. || Sikolia, S.F. || Wanjala, M. || Wanjere, D. |
Abstract: The study reported in this paper sought to establish the implications of autonomization of service delivery in public hospitals in Kenya. The study sought to assess the implications of autonomization on service delivery to malaria patients, through participative management of departments in public hospitals. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The study location was western region of Kenya (formerly western province).Target population comprised all public hospitals, with a sample size of 127 respondents, which included 31 in- patients and 96 medical staff.
[1]. Armstrong, M., (2003). Human Resource Management, London: Kogan Page.
[2]. Arthur,W.Jr, Bennett,W.Jr. Edens, P.S. and Bell,S.T.,2003: Effectiveness of training in organization: A meta-analysisof design and evaluation features. Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol,88(2): 234-245.
[3]. Castano,R, Bitran, R. and Ursula, G., (2004). Monitoring and Evaluating Hospital Autonomization and its effects on Priority Health Services.
[4]. Cole, G.A., (2008). Personnel and Human Resource Management. London South – Western Engage Learning.
[5]. George, M and Jones, G. (2011). Essentials of Contemporary Management. New York: McGraw Hill Irwin.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Rangeland Assessment of Derived Savannah around Egume in Kogi state Nigeria Based on Livestock Forage Preference and Palatable Species |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Hemen,T. J. || Usman ,S.S . || Ayodele ,S.M || Ibrahim ,M |
Abstract: Rangelands are important in resources management and grazing is the most economical way of utilizing rangeland vegetation. Therefore, this research was designed to assess the rangeland condition of the vegetation around Egume, Kogi state, Nigeria based on the major livestock forage preference. The experimental animals that were used in the study were healthy tagged sheep and cattle which were followed alongside with the Nomads in Ochaja and Egume according to their traditional practices in the area. Four (4) herbaceous species. Sporoboluspyramidalis, Andropogongayamus, Euphorbia granulate and Eragrotisciliaris were respectively observed as the most palatable species recorded in the study area. Moreso, Andropogongayamus was found to be the most frequent grazed herbaceous species.
[1]. Animut, G. and Goetsch,A.L. (2008). Co-grazing of Sheep and Goats;Benefits and Constrains Small Ruminant.Research 77.127-145.
[2]. Behl, R., Behl,J. and Joshi,B.K.(2010).Heat tolerance mechanisms in Cattle status in Zebu Cattle;Areview.Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 80.891-897
[3]. Buechner, H. K .(1950). Life history, ecology and range use of the pronghorn antelope in Trans-Pecos, Texas. American Midland Naturalist 43:257-354.
[4]. Coppock, D. L., Swift, D. M. and Ellis, J. E. (1986).Seasonal nutrition characteristics of livestock diets in a nomadic pastoral ecosystem.Journal of Applied Ecology 23:585-595.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Hepatotoxic effects of Aqueous Extract of Psychotria Microphylla leaves on Clarias giriepinus Juveniles |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Orji O. U. || Ibiam U. A || Aja P. M. || Uraku A. J. || Ezeani N. || Alum E. U. |
Abstract: Psychotria microphylla (Akwukwo iyi, Igbo) is one of the common herbs used to harvest fish from rivers and streams by many villages in South-East Nigeria and not much, if any, has been reported on the toxicity of this plant. The results showed that the mean values of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin increased significantly (p< 0.05), while total proteins and albumin siginificantly reduced (P<0.05).The histological analysis of the hepatic tissues of exposed fish showed congestion of central vein, vacoulation of hepatocyte, cellular infiltration and cellular necrosis. Thus aqueous extract of psychotra microphylla leaves is hepatotoxic to C. garienipinus and caused hepatic lesion after 15 days of exposure Key words: Psychotria microphylla, Clarias gariepinus, toxicity, juveniles, lethal concentration.
[1]. Adams, S.M., Ham, K.D., Greeley, M.S., LeHew, R.F., Hinton, D.E., and Saylor, C.F. (1996).
[2]. Downstream gradients in bioindicator responses: point source contamination effects on fish health. Canadian Journal of Fishery and Aquatic Science, 53: 2177-2187.
[3]. Adedeji, O.B. (2010). Acute effect of diazinon on blood plasma biochemistry in the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Journal of Clinical Medicine and Research, 2(1):001-006
[4]. Begum, G. and S. Vijayaraghavan, (1996). Alterations in protein metabolism of Muscle Tissue in the fish Clarias batrachus (Linn) by commercial grade dimethoate. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 57: 223-228.
[5]. Benjamin, M. N. (1978). Outline of veterinary clinical pathology. Iowa, USA, University press, 229-232
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Helminthiasis among Rural School Children of Amofia-Ngbo Community in Ebonyi State, Nigeria |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Ani O. C. || Nnamonu E. I || Onwe S. O. |
Abstract: Helminth related infections are stillprevalent among many communities in the tropics. Hence ,this study was carried out to find out the rate of infestation, prevalence and associated risk factors of soil transmitted helminthes among rural school children in Amoffia community in Ohaukwu Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Cross sectional design was carried out among one hundred and fifty (150) pupils randomly selected from the target community and grouped into two groups (A and B). Group A comprised 75 treated individuals while group B comprised 75 untreated ones.
[1]. Allen A. V. and Ridley D. S (2001).Further observations on the formol-ether concentration technique for faecal parasites.Journal of Clinical Pathology, 23: 545–546. [2]. Ani, O. C. and Umerah, H.C. (2008).Prevalence of Hookworm Infection among Primary School Children in Ozibo L.G.A. of Ebonyi State, Nigeria.Journal of Biomedical Sciences, 6(12): 29 - 32. [3]. Ani, O. C., Orugbo, F and Nwele, D. E. (2014).Intestinal Parasite Infection among Primary School Children in Ezza North Local Government Area, Ebonyi State.Journal of Applied and Natural Sciences, 4(1): 76 - 83.
[4]. Brooker, S. (2010).Estimating the global distribution and disease burden of intestinal nematode infection. International Journal Parasitology,40(10): 1137-144
[5]. Cowper, S. G. (1966). A review of helminthiasis in the western region of Nigeria with special reference to the Ibadan area. I. West African Medical Journal, 15: 203-209.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Comparative Study of Rapid Antigen Detection Assay and Simple Microscopy in the diagnosis of malaria |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Ani O. C. || Odii B. O. || Nweke S. |
Abstract: One of the greatest challenges faced by many underdeveloped countries in the quest for malaria control is limited access to proper and effective diagnosis. This has been compounded by wars, population movement, endemicity of the infection and drug resistance. Although microscopy has remained the gold standard for the diagnosis of this infection, it is costly, time and labour intensive and requires great expertise. This study was conducted to compare the performance of the gold standard microscopy with the Pf-HRP2 rapid diagnostic tests with the view of the later serving as alternative to the former especially in endemic areas where experts microscopistsare lacking. A total of 100 individuals were enrolled in this study. Out of this 23(23%) persons tested positive with HRP-2 Antigen Detection Assay while 53 (53%) persons tested positive with microscopy method.
[1]. Adefioye, O.A., Adeyaba, O.A., Hassan, W.O. and Oyenirran A.O. (2007). Prevalence of malaria parasite infection among pregnant women in Oshogbo, Southwest, Nigeria.Americcan - Eurasian Journal of Scientific Research. 2 (1): 43-45.
[2]. Allen, L. K., Hatfield, J. M.,DeVetten, G., Ho, J.C. and Manyama, M. (2011). Reducing malaria misdiagnosis: the importance of correctly interpreting ParacheckP fR ''faint testbands'' in a low transmission area of Tanzania. Bio Med Central Infectious Diseases,11: 308
[3]. Ani, O. C. (2004). Endemicity of Malaria among primary school children in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Animal Research International,1(3): 155 - 159.
[4]. Bell, D. Wongsrichanalai, C. and Barnwell, J.W. (2006). ''Ensuring quality and access for malaria diagnosis: how can it be achieved?'', Evaluating Diagnosis. WHO, on behalf of TDR (WHO/TDR). Nature Reviews Microbiology Sep, S7 - 20.
[5]. Bhat, S.K., Sastry, A.S., Nagaraj, E. R., Sharadadevi, M. and Sastry, A.S. (2012). Laboratory diagnosis of malaria by conventional peripheral blood smear examination with quantitative Buffy Coat (QBC) and Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDT)-A comparative study. International Journal of Collaborative Research on Internal Medicine and Public Health, 4(10): 1746 - 1755.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Study of Cephalic Capsule and Its Appendages of Certain Indian Apoidea In Relation To Phylogeny |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Dr Sudhir Kumar Rawat |
Abstract:The Apoidea, Ashmead knowan as "Bees" in common english, form a distinct group, placed under a separate super-family of aculeate Hymenoptera of the class Insecta. These bees could be readily distinguished from all other hymenopterous insects, mainly by the presence of plumose or feathery hairs over their bodies. As regards habits, three distinct groups of bees could be recognized. These are, the social bees, the solitary bees, and the parasitic bees. This group of insects render excellent help to the farmers, horticulturists and the foresters by cross polinating their valuable crops. This group of insects abundantly represented in tropical and subtropical regions of the globe, excepting only extreme arctic latitude and torrid desters and even in these latter parts more species are to be found than might generally be supposed. The study of Indian Apoidea is quite in its infancy. About 250 species....
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[3]. Ashmead, William, H. (1889) : Classification of the bees or the superfamily Apoidea : Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. : 26 : 49-100.
[4]. Bigelow, R.S. (1954) : Morphology of the face in Hymenoptera : Canad. J. Zool. : 32 :378-392.
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[6]. Cameron, P.(1901) : Description of new genus of bees from India : Entomologist : 34 : 263
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