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Abstract: Neuropharmacology is the study of how drugs effect cellular function in the nervous system, and the neural mechanisms through which they influence behavior of human beings, i.e how these drugs addiction affect the human brain.In thispresent study, the aim is tostudy the Neuropharmacological activities of Ethanolic Extract of Stem Bark of Bauhinia purpurea (L) Plant in mice by Actophotometermethod and also muscle relaxing property by rotarod method, therebystudy of CNS depressant activity and Antianxiety property byBauhinia purpurea (L) plant.[1].
Keywords: Bauhinia purpurea (L) stem bark extract, Diazepam, Rotarod, CNS depressant activity, locomotor activity.
[1] T.Kumar and K.S.Chandrashekar, Bauhinia purpurea linn: A review of ethanobotany,phytochemical and pharmacological profile.Research journal of Medicinal plant,5:2011,420-231.
[2] Asolker L.V, k.kkakkar and O.J Chakre, Second supplement to glossary of Indian Medicinal plants, part I(A-K);National Institute of Science Communication, New Delhi, 2000.
[3] C.D.Shajiselvin.A, KottaiMuthu, Antioxidant activity of various extracts from Bauhinia purpurea (L) plant: An invitroevaluation.Journal of advanced pharmaceutical research,2(1),2011,31-37.
[4] Chapman and Hall (1998) phytochemical methods, III Edn., London-Weinhien- NewYork; 4.
[5] Khandelwal K.R. (2003).practical pharmacology, 10th NiraliPrakashan Pune; 149.
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Abstract: Introduction: Xylene (Xy) is an aromatic hydrocarbon known for its wide usage in tissue processing on human anatomical samples which has numerous health hazards. Objective: Use of edible oil such as coconut oil (Co) and groundnut oil (Go) has been experimented successfully as a substitute for xylene in tissue processing.Materials and Methods: To compare the ability of conventional tissue processor with Co and Go have been studied. 3 sections of each tissue of appendix, gallbladder, haemorrhoid, were processed using, Co and Go and compared with Xy. Results: Slides were scored for physical properties, gross changes, cellular details and morphometric analysis. The physical properties of........
Keywords: Coconut oil, Groundnut oil, Occupational Health hazards, Tissue processing, Xylene
[1] Rai, R.,Bhardwaj, A.,Verma, S.,2016. Tissue Fixatives: A Review. Int J Pharma Drug Anal; 4: 183-187.
[2] Rajan, T. S.,Malathi, N., 2014. Health hazards of xylene: A literature review. J Clin Diagn Res ;8(2):271-4.
[3] Kandyala, R., Raghavendra, S.P., Rajasekharan, S.T., 2010. Xylene: An overview of its healthhazards and preventive measures. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol;14(1):1-5.
[4] Toxicological profile for Xylene, U.S. department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, ATSDR, August 2007.
[5] Uchida, Y., Nakatsuka, H., Ukai, H., Watanabe, T., Liu, Y.T., Huang, M.Y., Wang, Y.L., Zhu, F.Z.,Yin, H., Ikeda, M.,1993. Symptoms and signs in workers exposed predominantly to xylenes. Int Arch Occup Environ Health;64(8):597-605.
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Abstract: LBG 17 is a resistant inbred of Blackgram developed from susceptible parents Nethiminumu and chikkuduminumu to defend the damage due to powdery mildew. In present study the physiological efficiency of LBG 17, Nethiminumu and chikkuduminumu over powdery mildew was studied in terms of chlorophyll, phenols, soluble proteins, soluble carbohydrates, total carbohydrates, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and polyphenol oxidase. Powdery mildew effect on yield efficiency was also studied in LBG 17, Nethiminumu and chikkuduminumu in terms of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, number of pods and yield per acre and correlated with the respected physiological and biochemical parameters. The chlorophyll content (mg/g), soluble proteins (μg/mg), total carbohydrates (μg/mg) were highest............
Keywords: Blackgram, Powdery mildew, Hybrid vigour, LBG 17, Biochemical, Superoxide dismutase
[1] N. A. Ashry and H. I. Mohamed, Impact of secondary metabolites and related enzymes in flax resistance and/or susceptibility to powdery mildew, African Journal of Biotechnology, 11 (5), 2012, 1073–1077.
[2] C. Lamb and R.A. Dixon, The oxidative burst in plant disease resistance. Annual Reviews Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 48, 2005, 251–275.
[3] R. Mittler, Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance, Trends in Plant Sciences, 7, 2002, 405-410.
[4] J. Leon, M.A. Lawton and I. Raskin, Hydrogen peroxide stimulates salicylic acid biosynthesis in tobacco, Plant Physiology, 108, 1995, 1673–1678.
[5] M.A. Torres, J. D. Jones and J.L. Dangl, Pathogen-induced, NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen intermediates suppress spread of cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana, Nature Genetics, 37, 2005, 1130–1134.
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Abstract: This study was conducted in laboratory of bacteria, Department of Biology, Al-Rasheed University College to investigate the effect of some medicinal plants (lemon, onion, garlic, tamarind, clove, pomegranate and ginger) against Proteus mirabilis. Treatments were replicated three times at factorial experiment in a completely randomized design (CRD).The result that the Tamarind extract at 60 % concentration gave the highest diameter of inhibition zone of 3.40 cm followed by Tamarind extract treatment at 100 % concentration as it was given 3.10 cm then followed lemon extract treatment at 100 % concentration which gave 2.70 cm , While the treatment with onion and ginger extract in all concentrations did not affect.
[1] Ahameethunisa, A.R., and Hooper, W. (2010) Antibacterial activity of Artemisianilagirica leafextracts against clinical and phytopathogenic bacteria, BMC Complementary and AlternativeMedicine. 10: 1-6.
[2] Alam, M.T., Karim, M.M., and Khan, S.N. 2009. Antibacterial activity of different organic extractsof Achyranthesaspera and Cassia alata. Journal of Scientific Research, 1: 393-398.
[3] Doughari, J.H. 2006. Antimicrobial activity of Tamarindusindica Linn. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 5 (2): 597-603.
[4] Elsahookie,M.M and Wuhaib , K.M . 1990. Design and Analysis of experiments. Univ. Of Bagh. Dar al hekma.pp.488.
[5] Harborne, S. B., and Baxter, H. .1995. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of BioactiveCompounds from Plants. Taylor and Francis, London..
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Abstract: Retinopathy is a major problem of vision. It could lead to loss of vision. It is simply the degeneration of the retina. This can be as a result of assault or trauma to the eye or its retina. It can also be as a result of complications of health including diabetes. A totally damaged retina is an indication of total loss of visual perception, which also implies total loss of vision. It is however helpful to prevent the retina from degenerating. This experiment is an attempt to explore the potentials of the phytochemicals of Moringa oleifera [moringa] in its ethanolic extract to ameliorate retina degeneration caused by sodium iodate [NaIO3] toxicity. Twenty four adult male animals weighting between 180 and 200g...........
Keywords: Retina, Retinopathy, Moringa, Sodium Iodate, Eye[1] Anwar F, Latif S, Ashraf M, and Gilani A.H (2007). A food plant with multiple medicinal uses. Phytother Res. 21:17 – 25
[2] Armstrong D, Hiramitsu T, Gutteridge J, Milsson SE. (1982) Studies on experimentally induced retinal degeneration. 1, Effect of lipid peroxides on electroretinographic activity in the albino rabbit. Exp Eye Res 35:157-71. [3] Budavari, S (1996). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., p. 1478.
[4] Campochiaro PA, Bryan JA III, Conway BP, Jaccoma EH. (1986). lntravitreal chemotactic and mi- togenic activity. Implication of blood-retinal barrier breakdown. Arch Ophrhalmol 104:1685-7.
[5] Champion, H.G (1936). Indian forest records. 1: A preliminary survey of forest types of India and Burma. New Delhi: Government of India press. Page 286..
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Abstract: A remarkable feature of Holothurians is the catch collagen that forms their body wall. Catch collagen has two states, soft and stiff, that are under neurological control [1]. A study [3] provides evidence that the process of new organ formation in holothurians can be described as an intermediate process showing characteristics of both epimorphic and morphallactic phenomena. Tropical sea cucumbers, have a previously unappreciated role in the support of ecosystem resilience in the face of global change, it is an important consideration with respect to the bêche-de-mer trade to ensure sea cucumber populations are sustained in a future ocean [9]. Medical benefits of the sea cucumber.........
Keywords: Holothuroidea, collagen, ecosystem resilience, medical benefits, mariculture, farming[1] Jose del Castillo and David S. Smith. (1996) "We Still Invoke Friction and Occam's Razor to Explain Catch in the Spines of Eucidaris Tribuloides." Biological Bulletin 190:243-244 [2] Piper, Ross (2007). Extraordinary Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-33922-8.
[3] José E. García-Arrarás, Lourdes Estrada-Rodgers, Roberto Santiago, Irma I. Torres, Lucy Díaz-Miranda, Ilia Torres-Avillán. Cellular mechanisms of intestine regeneration in the sea cucumber, Holothuria glaberrima Selenka (Holothuroidea:Echinodermata). Journal of Experimental Zoology, Volume 281, Issue 4, 1 July 1998, Pages 288–304 1. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-010X(19980701)281:4<288::AID-JEZ5>3.0.CO;2-K
[4] Flammang, P.; Ribesse, J. & Jangoux, M. (2002). "Biomechanics of adhesion in sea cucumber cuvierian tubules (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea)". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 42 (6): 1107–15. PMID 21680394. doi:10.1093/icb/42.6.1107. Retrieved August 14, 2013.
[5] Anon. "Learn about sea cucumbers; Defences and predators". Retrieved August 14, 2013..
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Abstract: Bacteria associated with mutilated Nigerian currencies in circulation were investigated. The Naira notes were randomly collected within Aba, Abia state and analysed microbiologically using standard method. The mean viable count of the currencies ranges from 0.8x108 to 5.0x108 cfu/ml. The ten naira notes (N10) had the highest average total viable count of 5.0x108cfu/ml, followed by two hundred naira notes (N200) 3.0x108 cfu/ml, one hundred naira notes (N100) 2.6x108 cfu/ml five hundred naira notes (N500) 2.3x108 cfu/ml, twenty naira notes (N20)2.0x108 and fifty naira notes (N50) 2.0x108 cfu/ml while one thousand naira notes and five naira notes (N1000 and N5) had the least mean viable count of 0.8x108 and 1.9x108 cfu/ml respectively. Three bacterial species were isolated which included Staphylococcus..........
Keywords: Currencies, Naira Notes, Antibiotic Resistance, Susceptibility[1] Adelowo, O.A. (1990). Intestinal Helminthiasis in a Post Secondary Institution in Ilorin, Kwara state, Nigeria. The Nigerian Journal of Parasitology 9(11): 91-94.
[2] Ameh, J. B. and Balogun, Y. O. (1997). The health implications of microbial load of abused naira notes. The Spectrum 4: 138-140.
[3] Awodi, N.O., Nock, I. H. and Aken'Ova, I. (2000). Prevalence and Public Health Significance of Parasitic Cysts and Eggs on the Nigerian Currency. The Nigerian Journal of Parasitology 22:137-142.
[4] Ahmed, M. S., Parveen, U. S., Nasreen, T., and Fens, B. (2010). Evaluation of the microbial contamination of Bangladesh. Paper Currency notes in circulation. Add Boil. Res, 9266-271.
[5] Awe, S., Eniola, K. I., T. Ojo, F. T. and Sani, A. (2010). Bacteriological quality of some Nigerian Currency in circulation. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 4: 2223-2234..
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Abstract: Free radicals and other reactive oxygen species are recognized as agents involved in the pathogenesis of many ailments. They are responsible for creating oxidative stress and stress related diseases and disorders. Antioxidants especially natural antioxidants could be the best way to cure them. In the present work, leaf and stem of Aerva lanata, Terminalia bellirica, Terminalia chebula, Terminalia catappa, Zea mays hair, Tribulis terrestris fruit and Boerhaavia diffusa L. root were evaluated for their antioxidant efficacies by two in vitro antioxidant assays viz. superoxide anion radical scavenging activity and reducing capacity assessment. The extraction was done by decoction extraction method. Terminalia species showed best super oxide anion radical scavenging activity and reducing..........
Keywords: Terminalia, antioxidant activity; super oxide anion radical scavenging activity; reducing capacity assessment; decoction extracts[1] Almey A, Khan AJ, Zahir S, Mustapha SK, Aisyah MR and Kamarul RK. 2010. Total phenolic content and primary antioxidant activity of methanolic and ethanolic extracts of aromatic plants leaves. Int Food Res J. 17: 1077-1084.
[2] Amarowicz R, Estrella I, Hernandez T, Robredo S, Agnieszka T, Kosinska A and Pegg RB. 2010. Free radical-scavenging capacity, antioxidant activity, and phenolic composition of green lentil (Lens culinaris). Food Chem. 121: 705-711.
[3] Athukorala Y, Kim KN and Jeon YN. 2006. Antiproliferative and antioxidant properties of an enzymatic hydrolysate from brown alga, Ecklonia cava. Food Chem Toxicol. 44:1065-1074.
[4] Chanda S and Dave R. 2009. In vitro models for antioxidant activity evaluation and some medicinal plants possessing antioxidant properties: An overview. Afr J Microbiol Res. 3: 981-996.
[5] Chanda S Amrutiya N and Rakholiya K. 2013. Evaluation of antioxidant properties of some Indian vegetable and fruit peels by decoction extraction method. Am J Food Technol. 8(3): 173-182..
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Abstract: Godavari is the third largest river on the east coast of India drains in to the Bay of Bengal between the Latitudes 16°.15′ to 16°.45′ N and longitudes 81°.45′ to 82′.25′ E, discharging large quantities of fresh water in to the coastal waters of Bay of Bengal particularly during monsoon season. Suspended particulate matter (SPM) showed an increasing trend from pre-monsoon to monsoon followed by post-monsoon season in the study area. High concentration of SPM observed during monsoon can be attributed to the high river discharge and land runoff containing significant quantities of terrestrial material into to the estuary. Distinct spatial and seasonal variations of particulate trace metals were observed........
Keywords: Godavari Estuarine waters, Particulate matter, trace metals, Flocculation[1] Abdallah, M. (2008). Trace metal behaviour in Mediterranean-Climate coastal Bay: El-Mex Bay, Egypt and its coastal environment. Glob.J. Environ. Res., 2 : 23-29.
[2] Balls, P. W., Laslett, R. E. & Price, N. B., (1994). Nutrients and trace metals distributions over a complete semi-diurnal tidal cycle in the forth estuary Scotland. Neth. J. Sea Res., 33 : 1-17.
[3] Benoit, G., Oktay-Marshall, S., Cantu, A., Coleman, E. M., Corapcioglu,
[4] M. O., &Santschi, P. H. (1994). Partitioning of Cu, Pb, Ag, Fe, Al andMn between filter-retained particles, colloids and solution in
[5] six Texas estuaries. Mar. Chem., 45: 307-336..
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Abstract: sensitive, simple, selective and accurate HPLC method was developed and validated for Simultaneousanalysis of antiviral drugs, Sofosbuvir, Daclatasvir and Ribavirinthat allowreduction in treatment duration for HCV patients that in turn decrease the cost of the treatment. The chromatographic separation achieved by isocratic elution on a reversed-phase analytical column [Hypersilgold® C18 (10μm, 150 x 4.6 mm) column] at ambient temperature. The mobile phase was a mixture of Methanol, Waterand Acetonitrile in ratio of 25:30:45 (v/v/v), injection volume was 20μl. and flow rate was 1ml/ minute, detectionwavelength was 243nm. The developed method was validated as per ICH........
Keywords: Daclatasvir, HPLC, Ribavirin, Sofosbuvir, Tablets[1]. NahlaAbdelkarimSalama, Mohamed Hassan Ibrahim, HodaFathyEbian, Hebatallah Husseini Atteia. Use of Enhanced liver fibrosis test (ELF) in Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection to identify severity of liverfibrosis. International Journal of Advanced Research, 3(9), 2015; 384-390.
[2]. Alter MJ. Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection. World Journal of gastroenterology, 13(17), 2007; 2436-41.
[3]. Esposito I1, Labarga P, Barreiro P, Fernandez-Montero JV, de Mendoza C, Benítez-Gutiérrez L, Peña JM, Soriano V. Dual antiviral therapy for HIV andhepatitis C–drug interactions and side effects. Expert opinion on drug safety,14(9),2015; 1421-1434.
[4]. Ira M. Jacobson, M.D., Stuart C. Gordon, M.D., Kris V. Kowdley, M.D., Eric M. Yoshida, M.D., Maribel Rodriguez-Torres, M.D., Mark S. Sulkowski, M.D., Mitchell L. Shiffman, M.D., Eric Lawitz, M.D., Gregory Everson, M.D., Michael Bennett, M.D., Eugene Schiff, M.D., M. Tarek Al-Assi, M.D., G. Mani Subramanian, M.D., Ph.D., Di An, Ph.D., Ming Lin, Ph.D., John McNally, Ph.D., Diana Brainard, M.D., William T. Symonds, Pharm.D., John G. McHutchison, M.D., Keyur Patel, M.D., Jordan Feld, M.D., M.P.H., Stephen Pianko, M.D., Ph.D., and David R. Nelson, M.D. Sofosbuvir for hepatitis C genotype 2 or 3 in patients without treatment options. New England journal of medicine,368, 2013;1867-1877.
[5]. Michael J. Sofia, DonghuiBao, Wonsuk Chang, Jinfa Du, DhanapalanNagarathnam, SugunaRachakonda, P. Ganapati Reddy, Bruce S. Ross, Peiyuan Wang, Hai-Ren Zhang, Shalini Bansal, Christine Espiritu, Meg Keilman, Angela M. Lam, Holly M. MicolochickSteuer, CongrongNiu, Michael J. Otto, and Phillip A. Furman. Discovery of a beta-d-2′-deoxy-2′-alfafluoro-2′-beta-C-methyluridine nucleotide prodrug (PSI-7977) for the treatment of hepatitis C virus. J Med Chem. 53(19), 2010;7202–7218
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Abstract: Effect of Imidacloprid induced renal damage and its amelioration was carried out at definite time periods in different groups for 28days and experimented. Biochemically evaluated with renal markers it showed elevated level of urea, uric acid, creatinine, sodium and decreased in potassium the mineral element. Administration of Imidacloprid produced, renal tubules congestion, mild vacuolar degeneration, edema in Bowman's capsule (40mg/kg/b.w), disintegration of Bowman's capsule, dilation of capillary tubules, renal tubule congestion, vacuolar degenerations were observed in (80mg/kg/b.w). Animals were treated with Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellirica, Phyllanthus emblica and their formulation called Triphala (1:1:1) drug. Phyllanthus emblica has shown extraordinary effect of renal protective role comparing the four samples which was proved virtually
Keywords: Histopathology, Imidacloprid, Triphala, Renal protective[1] Jerry BH, William RH. Toxic Response of the Kidney 1986. In: Kalassen.
[2] Porter GA and Bennet WM. Nephrotoxic acute renal failure due to common drugs. American Journal of Physiology, 241(7) 1981, F1-F8.
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[4] Herfindal., Gourley 2000. Text book of therapeutic drug and disease management, 7th Edition. Charcil Livingstone, London. P.425-436.
[5] Barry M, Brenner, Floyd C, Rector. The kidney 6th Ed. Vol.I, W.B.Saunders Company, Philadelphia. 2000; 3-67
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Abstract: Bioactive principles in two polyherbal traditional anti diabetic formulations of different plants used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus mixed in different ratios were characterized using Infrared spectroscopy. Six medicinal plants with proven anti diabetic and related beneficial effects were selected for the preparation of two mixtures Acanthus montanus, Asystasia gangetica, Emilia coccinea, Hibiscus rosa-sinesis, Momordica charantia (Bitter melon), and Venonia amygdalina. Mixtures of the All- Six (AS) herbal leaves recorded these compounds 3-beta-acetoxy-5-etienic, acid dihydroxyacetone, acetobromo-alpha-D-galactose, dihydroxyacetone, ethylacetohydroxomate, P-tolyacetonitrile, 4-aminoacetophenone, dihydroxyacetone,ethylacetohydroxomate, ethyl-4-chloro-2-cyanoacetoacetate while mixtures................
Keywords: Bioactive compounds, characterization, diabetes, polyherbs[1]. Ahmed I., Adeghate, E., Sharma, A.K., Pallot, D.J., Singh, J. 1998. Effects of Momordica charantia fruit juice on islet morphology in the pancreas of the streptozotocin-diabetic rat. Diabet. Res. Clin. Pract. 40:145-151.
[2]. Alarcon-Aguilara, F.D., Roman-Ramos, R., Peres-Guitierraz, S., Aguilar-Contreras, A. Contreras-weber, C.C. and Florenz-Saenz, J. L. 1998. Study of the anti-hyperglycemic effects of plants used as anti-diabetic. J. Ethnopharmacol ., 61:100-110.
[3]. Aparajeya, P., Somanatha, J., Pranoid, K. S., Sanchanitru, N. and Payodhar, P. 2013. Effects of polyherbal mixtures on the treatment of Diabetes. Intl. Scholarly Res. Notices Endocrinol. Article ID:934797.
[4]. Bailey, C. J. and Day, C. 1989. Traditional plant medicines as treatment for diabetes. Diabetes care, 12:553-564.
[5]. Chillendon, F. 1956. Dictionary of plant plus supplements. Oxford University press, Newyork. Pp:113-115..