iosr-JPBS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan.-Feb. 2021

Abstract: Background: These days, the need for fuel for people around the world is increasing, while fossil fuel reserves are running low. So it is necessary to carry out trials and search for alternative renewable fuels as a substitute for fossil fuels, especially petroleum.One of these alternative energy sources is biofuel. Biofuels are often called green energy because of their environmentally friendly origins and emissions and do not cause a significant increase in global warming. Various wastes from processing agricultural materials have great potential to be processed into alternative biofuels to substitute coal and fuel oil. These alternative fuels include biobutanol, bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas, and biobriquette. Biofuel whose application is an alternative to petroleum fuels and is known as the best biofuel for vehicles to replace gasoline, is butanol. Butanol has better properties than other bioalcohols when used as fuel, due to its higher octane number, lower corrosivity, higher energy content, and lower solubility in water.....

Keywords: biobutanol; bacteria, fermentation; Clostridia sp.; agricultural; waste

Abstract: Background:In recent years, oil production has continued to decline due to the limited availability of raw materials. Raw material reserves for petroleum production continue to decrease. Meanwhile the need for oil continues to increase. The existing fuel oil also creates environmental problems due to overuse. One of them is the effect of greenhouse gases which can blanket the earth so that the air is trapped in the atmosphere and causes the earth to get warmer. If this condition is allowed to continue, it will result in global climate change. If the climate changes, more natural disasters will arise. This will obviously cause serious problems in the future. Therefore, alternative solutions are being sought to make petroleum from other renewable sources. One of the renewable fuels as a substitute for petroleum is bioethanol. Bioethanol can be produced by fermentation using microorganisms, one of which is Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This yeast can be fermented with several substrates from agricultural waste so that.....

Keywords: bioethanol, fermentation, Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract: Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the current practice of antihypertensive drugs comparing with JNC-8 guidelines, medication adherence and clinical outcome towards antihypertensive drugs. Objectives: To evaluate the current practise of antihypertensive drugs comparing with JNC-8 guidelines. To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs. To determine measures of medication adherence are associated with clinical outcomes in patient with hypertension. Materials and Methods: A total of 140 patients were selected. Prospective cross-sectional study was performed. Statistical methods such as student t-test ANOVA was performed using Prism8 software. 140 patients were included in the study. Patients.....

Keywords: JNC-8, medication adherence, questionarie, prism8 software

Abstract: Introduction: This is the commonest clinical syndrome in the world. It is characterized by gross proteinuria (>1 g/m2 per 24 hr) and hypercholesterolemia are always present. Oedema resulting from build-up of salt and water is usually severe. Other abnormalities such as raised plasma aldosterone and anti-diuretic hormone levels are prominent in children with massive proteinuria and oedema. Hypertension, azotemia and hematuria either microscopic or frank rarely occur in childhood.
Materials and Methods: All the patients satisfying the inclusion criteria were selected from the paediatric department of Government General Hospital, Kurnool. All the data of the subjects are collected by using the proforma. The data collection includes....

Key Words: nephrotic syndrome, MCNS, facial puffiness, oedema

Abstract: Selenium, a chemical element which rarely occur in its elemental state or as pure compound in the earth's crust and also found in soils derived from seleniferous parent materials like sandstones, limestone, slate and coal series has been found to poses a wide variety of functions in the body which includes activity on the thyroid hormone metabolism, antioxidant defense system which involves the antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin reductase and iodothyronine deiodinases. Selenium has been shown to mop up the presence of reactive oxygen species known to cause damage to cellular lipids in the oxidation of low density lipoprotein. (LDL). The role of selenium in immune system is notable in Keshan disease, Kashin- Beck disease and Hashimoto's disease. Also on cancer and diabetes mellitus has it has been proven to significantly slow the progression of diabetes mellitus in some individuals......

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, antioxidant defense system, reactive oxygen species, low density lipoprotein, Keshan disease.

Abstract: Background: Anemia is a condition where the number of red blood cells, the quantity of hemoglobin, and the volume of hematocrit are less than normal. According to WHO criteria anemia is hemoglobin levels below 130 g/L in men and below 120 g/L in women. Factors that influence the low levels of hemoglobin are that the food consumed daily contains little iron, the presence of inhibitors in the absorption of iron that is parasites in the body, and considerable blood loss. This review discusses some plants that are active as anti-anemia. Methods: This research is a literature review with narrative methods that describe the results of research related to the potential of various plants to increase hemoglobin levels, the number of erythrocytes, and hematocrit percentage in people with anemia through literature searches in the database PubMed and Google Cendikia (Google Scholar).......

Keyword: Antianemia, herbal plants, erythrocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin

Abstract: Background: Gingival overgrowth is an Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) frequently encountered in thedihydropyridine (DHP) group of Calcium Channel Blockers, especially nifedipine and amlodipine. Various factors are thought to play a role as risk factors including sociodemographic, genetic, pharmacokinetics, and oral hygiene. Materials and Method : This review article aimed to describe data from the results of a 2009-2020 study which reported gingival overgrowth as ADR arising from use of Calcium Channel Blockers. This review was conducted by extracting data from PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. From the literature, it was found that CCB is an antihypertensive group that often causes gingival overgrowth (GO), especially the dihydropyridines group.....

Keyword: Gingival Hyperplasia, Adverse Drug Reaction, And Calcium Channel Blockers