iosr-JVSP   Volume-10 ~ Issue-2 ~ Mar. - Apr. 2020

ABSTRACT: Physical design is process of transforming RTL netlist into a layout which is manufacture-able [GDS or GDSII]. An efficient physical design flow is typically divided into five major steps: floorplanning, placement, clock tree synthesis, routing and timing closure. Power optimization is always one of the most important design objectives in modern nanometer IC design. System clock signal in electronics product consumes the important part of dynamic power, among them 70% is spent by clock buffers. This critical problem can be optimized using a technique namely clock gating. Recent studies have shown that applying MBFF is an effective means in reducing clock network power. This paper uses MBFF technique to optimize dynamic power and later clock gating on the same design to achieve better results. The aim of this project is to converge the Server SoC Partition and implement low power techniques such as MBFF and clock gating, to reduce power without degrading timing to a great extent.

Keywords: MBFF; clock gating, dynamic power; power reduction; low power;

[1]. Lekbir Cherif, Mohamed Chentouf, Jalal Benallal, Mohammed Darmi, Rachid Elgouri, Nabil Hmina ―Usage and impact of multi-bit flip-flops low power methodology on physical implementation‖, 4th International Conference on Optimization and Applications (ICOA), DOI: 10.1109/ICOA.2018.8370498, 26-27 April 2018
[2]. Madhushree and Niju Rajan, ―Dynamic Power Optimization Using Look- Ahead Clock Gating Technique‖, 2nd IEEE International Conference On Recent Trends in Electronics Information & Communication Technology (RTEICT), May 19-20, 2017, India.
[3]. Mark Po-Hung Lin, Chih-Cheng Hsu, and Yu-Chuan Chen, ―Clock-Tree Aware Multibit Flip-Flop Generation During Placement for Power Optimization‖, IEEE Transactions On Computer-Aided Design Of Integrated Circuits And Systems, Vol. 34, No. 2, February 2015
[4]. Jitesh Shinde, S. S. Salankar, ―Clock gating — A power optimizing technique for VLSI circuits‖, Annual IEEE India Conference, DOI: 10.1109/INDCON.2011.6139440, 16-18 Dec. 2011
[5]. Chih-Cheng Hsu, Yu-Chuan Chen, Mark Po-Hung Lin, ―In-Placement Clock-Tree Aware Multi-Bit Flip-Flop Generation for

ABSTRACT: As communications technology is ubiquitous, and energy savings are ever more crucial in communications and data storage infrastructures, it is timely to revisit the technologies used for energy storage. Thismultidisciplinary paper especially focusses on the specific requirements onto energy storage for communications and data storage,derived from traffic, climate, high availability, and resilience, irrespective from energy sources used. It also addresses techno-economic, environmental &emissions tradeoffs offered by a model, and concludes with discussing future energy storage technologies

Keywords: Energy storage, Communications networks, Data centers, Batteries, Battery power loss, AD-DC power conversion, Life-cycle costs, Environmental life-cycle cost, Emissions life-cycle cost

[1]. G. Hedlund, Monitoring of lead acid batteries, ELTEK White paper, 19/12/2013 www.eltek.com
[2]. R.R. Schmidt, H. Shaukatullah, Computer and telecommunications equipment room cooling: a review of literature, Proc. 8 th Intersociety conference on thermal and thermo mechanical phenomena in electronic systems, 2002, 751-766,Publ. by IEEE, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ITHERM.2002.1012531
[3]. ETSI ,5G PPP Architecture Working Group: View on 5G Architecture, https://5g-ppp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/5G-PPP-5G-Architecture-WP-For-public-consultation.pdf
[4]. DOE/EPRI 2013 Electricity storage handbook (in collaboration with NRECA), EPRI and DOE, 2013
[5]. G. Koutitas, P. Demestichas, A review of energy efficiency in telecommunication networks, TELFOR Journal, Vol 2, no 1, 2010, 2-7 http://journal.telfor.rs/published/no3/no03_p01_fin.pdf

ABSTRACT: Ration card plays a vital role for the household details such as to get gas connection, family member details; it acts as address proof etc. In this regard, we have wished for a smart measure card system using Face Recognition Technique and IOT to thwart the derelictions and corruption in the current ration distribution system. In this system conventional quota card will be replaced by a Face Recognition system. This Faces will be verified with family members for authentication of the user. If user is found to be authentic then monthly quota of the ration available for the user is displayed. After successful transaction the database will be updated stating the ration content delivered to the user. This system will require very less human efforts for operation and is also very secure. By implementing this system government can keep track of all the delivered ration content very easily.

Key Word: Internet of Things; Face recognitiong system; Haar algorithm; Rasbherry pi; Universal Serial Bus, Public Distribution System

[1]. Gaikwad PriyaB.. Prof. Sangita Nikumbh , "E – Public distribution system using SMART card and GSM technology" International Conference on Intelligent Sustainable Systems(ICISS 2017) IEEEISBN:978-1-5386-1959-9.
[2]. Mrs. Subhasini Shukla, Mr. Akash Patil, Mr. BrightsonSelvin , "A Step Towards Smart Ration Card System Using RFID & IOT" ", IEEE International Conference on Inventive Communication and Computational Technologies(ICICCT), 2017.
[3]. Prof. Shital A. Aher, Akshay D. Saindane, Suved P. Patil, Shivsagar K. Chakor , "Smart Ration Card Using RFID and Biometrics ", Vol-3 Issue-2 2017, IJARIIE-ISSN(O)-2395-4396,2017.
[4]. Vinayak T. Shelar, Mahadev S. Patil , "RFID and GSM based Automatic Rationing System using LPC2148", International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology (IJARCET) Volume 4 Issue 6, June 2015.
[5]. Anshu Prasad, Aparna Ghenge, SonaliZende, Sashikala Mishra, Prashant Godakh, "Smart Ration Card Using RFID, Biometrics and SMS Gateway", IEEE International Conference on Inventive Communication and Computational Technologies(ICICCT), 2017.

ABSTRACT: The paper presents the research results of building a remote monitoring system of independent power stations in rural and mountainous areas in Vietnam, where there is no electricity and telephone reception. Wireless communication technologies were considered and LoRa was chosen. Monitoring system model includes monitoring station at independent power station and remote monitoring station. At the independent power stations, power parameters are measured for on-site display and sent via the LoRa protocol to the central monitoring station. The central station receives signals from independent stations and displays the operating status of these stations. Experimental models were built and tested in Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology..

Keywords: LoRa, independent power station, IoT, LPWAN, LoRaWAN;

[1]. M. Centenaro, L. Vangelista, A. Zanella, M. Zorzi, , "Longrange communications in unlicensed bands: The rising stars in the IoT and smart city scenarios,," IEEE J. Wir. Commun, vol. 23, nº 5, pp. 60-67, 2016.
[2]. D. Patel, M. Won, "Experimental Study on Low Power Wide Area Networks for Mobile Internet of Things," em Proc. of VTC, Sydney, Australia, 2017.
[3]. U. Raza, P. Kulkarni, M. Sooriyabandara,, "Low Power Wide Area Networks: An Overview," IEEE J. Commun. Surv. Tuto. , vol. 19, nº 2, pp. 855-873, 2017.
[4]. Mekki, K., Bajic, E., Chaxel, F., & Meyer, F. (2018)., "A comparative study of LPWAN technologies for large-scale IoT deployment..," ICT Express, 2017.
[5]. Semtech, "AN1200.22, LoRa modulation basics," Semtech, 2015.

ABSTRACT: The Internet of Things (IoT), which represents the connectivity of everything everywhere, and promises the tremendous technology in the coming years. In 2020 about 20 billion devices will be connected to cellular networks which is beyond the number of devices. In order to support massive access of Internet of things (IoT) devices the upcoming fifth-generation wireless network need the development of the cellular Internet of Things (IoT) . There are several LPWAN(Low power wide area network)-technologies that can be used to connect the product to the internet, so it can communicate with other connected devices. The main types of LPWAN are NB-IoT, LTE, Lora, Sigfox and NOMA. As the number of connected objects is expected to increase over the coming years, in order to improve the overall capacity of the cell while providing similar level of power consumption at the IoT node, and the data rate new innovative technologies will be required with less congestion. Non orthogonal.....

Key Word: IoT; LPWAN; NOMA; 5G.

[1]. Guanghua Yu, Xiaoming Chen, and Derrick Wing Kwan Ng, " Low cost design of massive access of cellular Internet of things," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 2930-3208, Mar.2019
[2]. M. Shirvanimoghaddam, M. Dohler, and S. J. Johnson, "Massive nonorthogonal multiple access for cellular IoT: Potentials and limitations,"IEEECommun.Mag.,vol.55,no.9,pp.55-61, Sep.2017.
[3]. Y. Liu, Z. Qin, M. Elkashlan, Z. Ding, A. Nallanathan, and L. Hanzo, "Nonorthogonal multiple access for 5G and beyond," Proc. IEEE, vol. 105, no. 12, pp. 2347-2381, Dec.2017.
[4]. X. Chen, Z. Zhang, C. Zhong, and D. W. K. Ng, "Exploiting multiple antenna techniques for non-orthogonal multiple access," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 35, no. 10, pp. 2207-2220, Oct.2017.
[5]. X. Shao, X. Chen, C. Zhong, J. Zhao, and Z. Zhang, "A unified design of massive access for cellular internet of things," IEEE Internet of Things J., vol. 6. no. 2, pp. 3934-3947, Apr.2019.

ABSTRACT: This project aims to develop the emergence of wireless technologies and advancements in on-body sensor design can enable change in the conventional health-care system, replacing it with wearable health-care systems. Wearable monitoring systems can provide continuous physiological data, as well as better information regarding the general health of individuals. In existing method, to check the parameters of patient we required stethoscope, thermometer, sphygmomanometer and blood sample is required to measure glucose level. Drawbacks of existing method are high time consumption, less accuracy, man power is required and no database. Thus, such vital-sign monitoring......

Keywords: PIC16F877A, IoT, zigbee, Heartbeat sensor, LM35, Pressure sensor, Near IR sensor

[1]. Cardei .M and J. Wu, "Energy-efficient coverage problems in wireless ad-hoc sensor networks," Computer Communications, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 413–420, 2006.
[2]. Chen .Y and Q. Zhao, "On the lifetime of wireless sensor networks," IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 976–978, 2005.
[3]. Chou,R.Rana C.T andW.Hu,"Energy efficient information collection in wireless sensor networks using adaptive compressive sensing," in IEEE 34th Conf.on Local Computer Networks, LCN 2009., Oct 2009, pp. 443–450.
[4]. Huang .C and Y. Tseng, "The Coverage Problem in a Wireless Sensor Network," Mobile Networks and Applications, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 519– 528, 2005.
[5]. Jararweh .Y , L. Tawalbeh, F. Ababneh, and F. Dosari, "Resource efficient mobile computing using cloudlet infrastructure," in IEEE Ninth International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Networks (MSN), Dec 2013, pp. 373–377

ABSTRACT: In this project, a communication system is used based on signal languages, used by dumb people. A narrative hand gesture recognition technique is the basis of this paper.This consists of a hardware module and software algorithm.This project aims to lower the communication gap between the mute community and additionally the standard world. The projected methodology interprets language into speech. The system overcomes the necessary time difficulties of dumb people and improves their manner. Compared with existing system the projected arrangement is compact and is possible to carry to any places

Keywords: Flex Sensor, Microcontroller, Apr 9600, Relay, Iot Modem

[1]. Kekre, M., and Vaishali, K. "Speaker identification by using vector quantization," IEEE Transactions on mechatronics, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 1034-1620, 2010.
[2]. Istvan,I.,Zoran,M.,andNikola,D."HandsfreevoicecommunicationwithTV",IEEETransactionsonconsumerelectronics,Vol.17,No.2,pp.1378-1695,2011
[3]. Amarjot, S., Devinder, K., Phani, S., Srikrishna, K., and Niraj, A. "An intelligent multi-gesture spotting robot to assist persons with disabilities", International journal of computer theory and engineering, Vol. 4, No. 6, pp. 1290-1420,2012.
[4]. Joyeeta, S., and Karen, D. "Indian Sign Language Recognition Using Eigen Value Weighted Euclidean Distance Based Classification Technique", International journal of advanced computer science and applications, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 434-820, 2013.
[5]. Interacting Device for Deaf & Dumb using Atmega 328 Processor-International Journal of Engineering and Computer Science

ABSTRACT: To Classify the plants based on a multi-organ approach is very challenging. The additional data provides more information that might help to disambiguate between species, the changeability in shape and appearance in plant organs also raises the degree of complexity of the problem. The prior approaches focus mainly on generic features (shape,size,color) for species classification, disregarding the features representing plant organs. we introduced a Hybrid Generic Organ Convolutional Neural Network (HGO-CNN), which takes into account of both organ and generic information, merging them using a new feature fusion speculation for species classification. Instead of using a ANN based method to operate on one image with a single organ, we extend our approach. We propose a new framework for plant structural learning using the Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) and recurrent neural network (RNN) . Based on feature visualization techniques here we depicts the outcomes of visualizations of our hypothesis

Keywords: Deep learning, plant classification, Artificial neural network, CNN

[1]. Angie K.Reyes, Jorge.E Caicedo and Juan C.Carcedo (2015), 'Fine-tuing deep convolutional network for plant recognition'.
[2]. Andras Banhalmi,Denes Paczday and Vilmos Bilicki (2014) 'Wlab of university of szeged at lifeCLEF 2014 plant identification task'.
[3]. Alexis Joly,Julien Barbe ,and Herve Goeaua (2013) 'Interactive Plant Identification Based On Social Image Data'.
[4]. Alexis Joly, Julien Champ and Titouan Lorieul (2015) 'A comparative study of fine-grained classification methods in the context of the lifeCLEF plant identification'.
[5]. Alexis joly , Cois Molino( 2014) 'Plannet's participation at lifeclef 2014 plant identification'.