iosr-JVSP   Volume-10 ~ Issue-6 ~ Nov. - Dec. 2020

ABSTRACT: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed life threatening cancer in women worldwide. Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women. Early detection is of great significance and essential to the treatment of breast cancer. Ultrasonography is one of the most widespread imaging modality used to detect and classify abnormalities of the breast. This paper proposes the use of wavelet transform and its coefficients as texture features for the detection of abnormalities in the breast. Gray level co-occurrence matrix is computed from wavelet coefficients at two levels. Principal component analysis and genetic algorithms are used for feature reduction and selection. Support vector machine (SVM) and Naïve Bayes (NB) are used to differentiate benign and malignant lesions. Their performances are evaluated using diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive.....

Keywords: Breast lesion, Genetic algorithm, Principal component analysis, Ultrasonography, Wavelet transform..

[1] R. L. Siegel, K. D. Miller, A. Jemal, Cancer statistics, 2017, Cancer J. Clin., 67(1), 2017, 7–30 .
[2] Malvia, S., Bagadi, S. A., Dubey, U. S. and Saxena, S, Epidemiology of Breast Cancer in Indian Women, Asia-Pac J Clin Oncol, 13(4), 2017, 289–295.
[3] C.M.Sehgal, S.P. Weinstein, P.H. Arger, E.F. Conant, A Review of Breast Ultrasound, Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia, 11(2), 2006, 113-123. [4] H.D.Cheng, J.Shan, W. Ju, y. Guo, L. Zhang, Automated breast cancer detection and classification using ultrasound images: A Survey, Pattern Recognition, 43(1), 2010, 299—317.
[5] D.R. Chen, R.F. Chang, Y.L. Huang, Breast Cancer Diagnosis using Self Organizing Map for Sonography, Ultrasound Med. Biol. 26( 3) , 2000, 405–411.

ABSTRACT: Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is a technology that extracts all the text from the images, .pdf documents or scanned files. So OCR converts normal scanned documents text-searchable so to allow content search on the same. Hindi being the national language of India, with such huge population makes document managing and preservation difficult in government sector. Hence, this paper presents an efficient algorithm Fuzzy KNN for recognition of Hindi script characters from printed documents. Optical Character Recognition (OCR) systems developed for the Hindi language carry a very poor recognition rate due to shirorekha as well as joint characters. This paper proposes an OCR for printed Hindi text in Devanagari script, using Fuzzy KNN which improves its efficiency. One of the major reasons for the poor recognition rate is error in character segmentation also. The presence of touching characters in the scanned documents further complicates the segmentation process, creating a major problem, when designing an effective character segmentation technique. Here, Fuzzy KNN classifier in pair with two different features Geometric and Wavelet features are used to handle this problem...

Keywords: Optical Character Recognition, Fuzz-KNN, Wavelet Transform

[1]. Gonzalez R.C and Woods, R.E "Digital Image Processing", Second Edition, Pearson Education, Singapore.
[2]. "Character Recognition System" by Mohammed Cheriet, Nawwwaf Kharma, Chen-Lin Liu, Ching Y.Suen.
[3]. "Design Implementation of OCR to recognize Gujarati script using Template Matching" by Prof. K S Shah, A. Verma.
[4]. "Optical Character Recognition" by Jesse Hansen.
[5]. "Otsu.N, 1979" A threshold selection method from grey level histogram. IEEE. Trans. Sys. Man. And Cyber, 9:62-66.

ABSTRACT: This paper proposes efficient constant multiplier architecture based on vertical-horizontal binary common sub-expression elimination (VHBCSE) algorithm based on carry select adder using common Boolean logic and modified full adder for planning a reconfigurable finite impulse response(FIR) channel whose coefficients can progressively change continuously. To plan a proficient reconfigurable FIR channel, as indicated by the proposed modified VHBCSE calculation, 2-bit paired regular sub-articulation end (BCSE) calculation has been connected vertically crosswise over contiguous coefficients on the 2-D space of the coefficient lattice at first, taken after by applying variable-piece BCSE calculation evenly inside every coefficient. This method is fit for lessening......

Keywords: Index Terms—VHBCSE algorithm, MCM, FIR filter, VLSI design

[1]. S. J. Darak, S. K. P. Gopi, V. A. Prasad, and E. Lai, "Low-complexity reconfigurable fast filter bank for multi-standard wireless receivers," IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. (VLSI) Syst., vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 1202–1206, May 2014.
[2]. J. L. Nunez-Yanez, T. Spiteri, and G. Vafiadis, "Multi-standard reconfigurable motion estimation processor for hybrid video codecs," IET Comput. Digit. Tech., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 73–85, Mar. 2011.
[3]. H. Samueli, "An improved search algorithm for the design of multiplier less FIR filters with power-of-two coefficients," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst., vol. 36, no. 7, pp. 1044–1047, Jul. 1989.
[4]. A. G. Dempster and M. D. Macloed, "Use of minimum-adder multiplier blocks in FIR digital filters," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II, Analog Digit. Signal Process., vol. 42, no. 9, pp. 569–577, Sep. 1995.
[5]. C. Y. Yao, H. H. Chen, T. F. Lin, C. J. Chien, and C. T. Hsu, "A novel common subexpression elimination method for synthesizing fixed-point FIR filters," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Reg. Papers, vol. 51, no. 11, pp. 2215–2221, Nov. 2004

ABSTRACT: As we observe, that with the evolution of technology, devices are scaling down from time to time, which leades to reduction in the the length of the channel of the MOSFET, giving importance to speed of
operation. This paper consist of designing 6T SRAM cell, along with its READ and WRITE operations which operates at high speed consuming less power. The SRAM cell is simulated and the graphs for READ and
WRITE operations and respective power results are presented.The tool used for designing of 6T SRAM cell is Tanner Tool which operates at 250nm technology and 2.5volts as supply voltage

Keywords: SRAM, Read,Write,Tanner,250nm.

[1]. K. Dhanumjaya, Dr. MN.Giri Prasad, Dr. K.Padmaraju, Dr. M.Raja Reddy "Low Power and Improved Read Stability Cache Design in 45nm Technology" International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, Volume 2, Issue 2 (July 2012), PP. 01-07. [2]. Neil H.E. weste & David Money Harris "CMOS VLSI Design: A Circuits and Systems Perspective" ISBN: 0321149017/9780321149015Third edition, Pearson Education, 2005.
[3]. G. Shivaprakash1* and D. S. Suresh2"Design of Low Power 6T-SRAM Cell and Analysis for High Speed Application", Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9(46).
[4]. Abhishek Agal et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications "6T SRAM Cell: Design And Analysis", ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 3( Version 1), March 2014, pp.574-577..

ABSTRACT: Review basic MOS single-stage amplifier topologies and perform comparative DC analysis in order to determine for each topology the pair: (maximum input voltage swing, amplification). The results will be used
in following works for the design of more advanced circuits such as differential amplifiers, current sources and operational amplifiers..

Keywords: integrated analog design, single-stage amplifier, dc-analysis, voltage-swing, amplification

[1]. B. Razavi, Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits, 2nd Edition (McGraw-Hill, 2016).
[2]. F. Maloberty, Analog Design for CMOS VLSI Systems, (Kluwer Acedemic Publishers, 2001).
[3]. http://www.designsoftware.com..