IOSR-JBM   Volume-16 ~ Issue-2 ~ Feb-2014

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Women participation in Agriculture in Pakistan (An overview of the constraint and problems faced by rural women)
Country	:	Pakistan
Authors	:	Dr.Rummana Zaheer*, Aniqa Zeb**, Sanam Wagma Khattak
	:	10.9790/487X-16220104

Abstract: Agriculture is back-bone of the Pakistan's economy. A major part of the GDP comprises of that income which is generated by the agriculture and agro-base activities. Women are back- bone of the household economy and play a very significant role in agro-base activities in rural areas. This study consist of almost half of the population i.e. women- participation in agriculture. Data is taken from Pakistan and India in order to compare figures from both countries as both economies are similar in socio-economic cultures. Data is taken from1990 to 2012. This paper also covers the reasons of fluctuation in women employment in agriculture and measures which concerned authorities should adopt in order to increases not only participation but also productivity of female labor.

[1] Butt et al "Role of rural women in agricultural development and their constraints". Journal of Agriculture Social sciences
[2] Dr. Roshan Lal, Dr. Ashok Khorana (2011) Gender Issues: "The role of women in agriculture sector".
[3] Economic Survey of Pakistan 2007-2008
[4] Irum Feryal, Imtiaz Ahmad Waraich, Imran Hanif, Tanzeel ul Rehman Alvi & Naveed Mortaza "Women Participation in socio-Economic Development in Agriculture Areas in Pakistan"
[5] Manzoor Ali Isran, Samina Isran (2012) "Low female labor participation in Pakistan: Causes & Consequences"
[6] Noreen Mujahid & Naeem Uz Zafar: "Economic growth-Female labor Force Participation nexus:" "An empirical evidence for Pakistan"

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Antecedents of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and TheirEffect on Performance:Study on Public University in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Country	:	Indonesia
Authors	:	Wardhani Hakim, Umar Nimran, Siti Haerani, Syamsu Alam
	:	10.9790/487X-16220513

Abstract: Thepurpose of this research is to examine and analyze the effect of personality, organizational commitment, job satisfaction and organizational support on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and its implication on lecturers's performance.The approach taken is quantitative study on lecturers of 3 (three) Public University in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Data analyzed with Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) dengan alpha 5% to examine the relationship between variables.

1] Organ, D.W 1998 OCB: The Good Soldier Syndrome, Lexington Books, Lexington,
[2] Cohen, A. and Vigoda 2000 Do Good Citizens Make Good Organizational Citizens?An Empirical Examination of the Relationship between General Citizenship and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Israel, Administration and society, Vol. 32 No. 5, pp 596-625
[3] Konovsky, M.A. & Pugh, S.D 1994 Citizenship and social exchange. Academy of management journal, vol 37: 656-669

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Career Advancement of Female Accountants in Accounting Professional Practice in Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Adetula Dorcas, Nwobu Obiamaka, Owolabi Folashade
	:	10.9790/487X-16221418

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine the factors affecting career advancement of female accountants in accounting professional practice in Nigeria. The study also adopts a survey research design. Even though the study covers the population of accountants in professional practice in Nigeria, a sample of a hundred (100) qualified and non-qualified accountants including male and female was selected purposively from the big four accounting firms in Lagos State, Nigeria.

[1]. Abidin, Z.Z., Penefort, F., Jusoff, K. and M. Marzuki (2008). Impediments to Women Accountants‟ Career Progression in Malaysia. Asian Social Science. Vol. 4, No. 10. pp 159-174.
[2]. Baldiga, N.R. (2005). Opportunity and Balance: Is Your Organization Ready to Provide Both? Journal of Accountancy. Retrieved 18/02/2009,fromhttp://www.journalofaccountancy.com/Issues/2005/May/OpportunityAndBalanceIsYourOrganiz ationReadyToProvideBoth.htm
[3]. Baker, C.P. and K. Monks (1996). The Glass Ceiling: Cracked but not Broken? Evidence from a Study of Chartered Accountants. DCUBS Research Papers. No. 1. Retrieved 18/02/2009, from http://www.dcu.ie/dcubs/research_papers/no1.html
[4]. Bird, G. and N. Meville (1994). Families and Intimate Relationships. London: McGraw Hill.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Exchange Traded Fund in Indian Stock Market
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Deepa
	:	10.9790/487X-16221923

Abstract: Exchange traded funds (ETFs) are one of the most innovative financial products introduced on exchanges. ETFs in India, investors need D-MAT account and many Indian investors do not have these accounts and therefore do not consider ETFs. ETFs have been limited to broad indexes when compare other countries markets. In USA 75% ETFs are affect the total turnover of U.S stock Exchange but in India only the 25% of ETFs are affect the total turnover of Indian Stock market. Indian stock market regulators only can regulate the way of trading ETFs and Create awareness about riskless ETFs trading to Indian traders.

1]. Madhavi Lokahande, Shruti manisha, "ETF: In Indian Market", The management accountant, volume no 46, no 9, september 2011, page no 770-774
[2]. Bhaskar Mutyala,Padmaja.P, "ETFs in India yet to achieve a growth trajectory", Portfolio Organizer ICFAI University Press, January-2010 page no 26-30
[3]. Reena Agarwal,"Growth of global ETFs and regualtory challenges", NSE Working Paper January 2012 page no 19-21
[4]. Handbook of statistics of Indian Economy published by Reserve Bank of India 2012-2013 page no 316-317
[5]. retrieved from // www.tradingecnomics.com
[6]. retrieved from // www.etfdb.com

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Augmented Reality Advertising: An Impactful Platform for New Age Consumer Engagement
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Poonam Singh, Mrinalini Pandey
	:	10.9790/487X-16222428

Abstract: Augmented Reality is the latest buzz in the advertising arena. In augmented Reality, advertisers have found a unique and interactive way to engage audience with the brand. On the other hand it keeps users in charge of the conversation process, letting them retrieve the information they need, when they need it and wherever they need it.

[1] Zigmond, D and Stipp, H, Multi-taskers may be advertisers best audience, Harvard Business Review, January-February, 2011, 1-3
[2] Thibeault, J, Engaged Audience: reaching your audience across multiple screens, retrieved from http://www.tvtechnology.com/article/engaged-audience-reaching-your-audience-across-multiple-screens/222210, 2013, retrieved on November 18, 2013
[3] Goldfarb, A and Tucker, C, How do advertising standards affect online advertising?, http://ssrn.com/abstract=1745645, 2011, 1-38
[4] Hines, M, The multi-screen consumer, why connecting to your audience is crucial, retrieved from http://blog.gannettlocal.com/blog/bid/314535/The-Multi-Screen-Consumer-Why-Connecting-to-Your-Audience-is-Crucial, 2013, retrieved on November 18, 2013

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Inflce of Service Quality to the Satisfaction, Commitment and Costumers Saving Relationshuenip intention on the Main Branch of South East Sulawesi Regional Development Bank
Country	:	Indonesia
Authors	:	Hayat Yusuf Abadi
	:	10.9790/487X-16222934

Abstract: Influence of service quality to the satisfaction, commitment and costumers saving relationship intention on the main branch of South East Sulawesi Regional Development Bank. Service quality delivery to the costumers due to the competition with the other services company is analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis techniques and interferential statistic using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) package program AMOS 4.0 and SPSS version 11.5. The result shows that service quality has significant influence to the satisfaction, commitment and relationship intention.

Keywords: commitment and relationship intention, costumers, satisfaction, service quality, structural equation modeling

[[1]. P. Waluyo, Strategy analysis of service quality and performance of Rural banks in Middle Java, doctoral diss, 2004.
[2]. A. parasuraman, a. Valerie, Zeithaml, and L. Leonard, A multiple-item scale for measuring consumer perception of service quality, Journal of Retailing, 64(1), 1988, 12 – 35.
[3]. Kottler, Phillip, Marketing management, (Edition Millenium; Northwestern University, 2000)
[4]. Oliver, Richard. L, Satisfaction: a behavioral perspective on the consumer (New York, Irwin: Mc.Graw Hill, 1997)
[5]. Barnes, G. James, Secret of customer relationship management (Yogyakarta, A. Winardi: Andi Jogyakarta, 2001)
[6]. Morgan, M. Robert, S.D. Hunt, The commitment-trust theory of relationship marketing, Journal of marketing, 58(7), 1994, 20 – 38.
[7]. Anderson, E. Weitz, B. weitz, The use of pledges to build and sustain commitment in distribution channels, Journal of Marketing Research, XXIX(2), 1992, 18 – 34.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Marketing of Higher Education Services in India: A Critical Study
Country	:	India
Authors	:	E.Thangasamy
	:	10.9790/487X-16223539

Abstract: Education is a crucial input for development of any nation. Higher Education Institutions, particularly while imparting knowledge and skills to the citizens, play a key role to accelerate the pace of developmental process. India has also been striving very hard to achieve its educational objectives for attaining its overall growth and development since independence. Hence, successful marketing of the invaluable educational service in home country and abroad by providing quality education to the prospective customers becomes very essential as they will act as producers in the days to come. Development of ICT in Education has also been constantly facilitating the smooth flow and exchange of educational products between the educational institutions and the aspiring learners.

[1]. Agarwal, Pawan, 2006. "Higher Education in India: A Need for Change". ICRIER Working Paper, June, 2006.
[2]. Dreze. J. &AmartyaSen, 1998. "India: Economic Development and Social Opportunity". Oxford University Press.
[3]. Smith Adam, 1776, "An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, published in R.H. Campbell and A.S. Skinner(eds.), Adam Smith: An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. (Oxford: Clarendon, 1976).
[4]. Consultation paper on Trade in Education Services, published by the Trade Policy Division, Department of Commerce, Government of India.
[5]. Report of UGC on Higher Education in India at a Glance, 2011

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Accounting Of Intangible Assets Indian as- 26
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Manpreet Sharma, Neha
	:	10.9790/487X-16224045

Abstract: This paper summarizes the accounting and disclosure treatment of Intangible assets under the rules promulgated by the set standard for Intangible assets in India.In India, this issue is dealt by the AS-26, "Intangible Assets", issued by the Institute of Charted Accountant (ICAI), the apex accounting institute of India. This standard was issued in 2002 and came into effect from 1-April-2003 and is mandatory for all enterprises.

Key Words: AS - 26, Intangible assets, Recognition, Research and Development, Disclosure.

[1]. http://www.mca.gov.in/Ministry/notification/pdf/AS_10.pdf
[2]. http://www.mca.gov.in/Ministry/notification/pdf/AS_12.pdf
[3]. http://www.mca.gov.in/Ministry/notification/pdf/AS_14.pdf
[4]. http://www.mca.gov.in/Ministry/notification/pdf/AS_26.pdf

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Emerging Fashion Trends for Autumn Winter Season
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Muhukumar Nair
	:	10.9790/487X-1622464

Abstract: This study was describe the values of trends and its need for the designers. Another purpose of the study to identify the duration of demands for the particular design/style. Thus the market value automatically high during the trend season and the merchandising process would across the break even point.

Keywords : Color, Material, Market, Season, Stipulation.

[1]. 1.NASA / Goddard Space Flight Center "ScienceDaily, 3 April 2013.
[2]. 2.Dr.Don Larson (Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology (SICB), January 6, 2014).
[3]. 3.Prof. Berzowska.( Design and Computing Art, Concordia University, April 17, 2013).

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Review on the Effect of Self-congruity Dimensions on Customer's Switching Intention
Country	:	Iran
Authors	:	Reza saleki, Mohsen Saki, Mohammad Javad Nekooei
	:	10.9790/487X-16224853

Abstract: One of the new issues that marketers are facing is the effect of self-congruity on switching intention. The purpose of this study is to review the relationship among four dimensions of self-congruity (actual, ideal, social and ideal social congruity) and switching intention. This study only aims to review the former researches in examining the relationship among four dimensions of self-congruity and switching intention. The study has some recommendations and directions for the future studies. There are different variables such as geographical and psychological moderators that can moderate the relationship between self-congruity dimensions and switching intention. In the future, the researchers aim to collect the data by using survey questionnaires. The data will then be analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS). Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple and hierarchical regressions will be used in testing possible hypotheses.

Keywords: Self-congruity, Actual Ideal, Social and Ideal Social Congruity, Switching Intentions

[1]. Babin, B. J., and Attaway, J. S. (2000). Atmospheric affect as a tool for creating value and gaining share of customer. Journal of Business Research. 49(2), 91-99.
[2]. Back, B., Baker, M., Ballintijn, M., Barton, D., Becker, B., Betts, R., et al. (2005). The PHOBOS perspective on discoveries at RHIC. Nuclear Physics A. 757(1), 28-101.
[3]. Boyer, L. A., Lee, T. I., Cole, M. F., Johnstone, S. E., Levine, S. S., Zucker, J. P., et al. (2005). Core transcriptional regulatory circuitry in human embryonic stem cells. Cell. 122(6), 947-956.
[4]. Chih, W.-H., Wang, K.-Y., Hsu, L.-C., and Cheng, I.-S. (2012). From disconfirmation to switching: an empirical investigation of switching intentions after service failure and recovery. The Service Industries Journal. 32(8), 1305-1321.
[5]. Dornoff, R. J., and Tatham, R. L. (1972). Congruence between personal image and store image. Journal of the Market Research Society.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Survey on the Relationship between Self/Functional Congruities on Customer's Switching Intention
Country	:	Iran
Authors	:	Reza saleki, Mohsen Saki, Mohammad Javad Nekooei
	:	10.9790/487X-16225461

Abstract: The effect of self-congruity and functional congruity on switching intention is one new issue that marketers are encountering. The purpose of this study is to review the relationship among four dimensions of self-congruity (actual, ideal, social and ideal social congruity) and functional congruity with switching intention. To deepen the understanding of customers' switching decision formation, the researchers attempted to develop a switching intention model, consisted of self-image dimensions (actual, ideal, social, and ideal social self-congruity) and functional congruity. At the end of this paper, some new issues are recommended for the future research in this field.

Keywords: Self-congruity, Actual Ideal, Social and Ideal Social Congruity, Functional Congruity, Switching Intentions

[1]. Adare, A., Afanasiev, S., Aidala, C., Ajitanand, N., Akiba, Y., Al-Bataineh, H., et al. (2008). Suppression Pattern of Neutral Pions at High Transverse Momentum in Au+ Au Collisions at sqrt [s_ {NN}]= 200 GeV and Constraints on Medium Transport Coefficients. Physical review letters. 101(23), 232301.
[2]. Athar, M., Back, J. H., Tang, X., Kim, K. H., Kopelovich, L., Bickers, D. R., et al. (2007). Resveratrol: a review of preclinical studies for human cancer prevention. Toxicology and applied pharmacology. 224(3), 274-283.
[3]. Back, B., Baker, M., Ballintijn, M., Barton, D., Becker, B., Betts, R., et al. (2005). The PHOBOS perspective on discoveries at RHIC. Nuclear Physics A. 757(1), 28-101.
[4]. Bäck, T., and Schwefel, H.-P. (1993). An overview of evolutionary algorithms for parameter optimization. Evolutionary computation. 1(1), 1-23.
[5]. Barger, V. (1974). Proceedings of the XVII International Conference on High Energy Physics, London, 1974.
[6]. Benítez, J. M., Martín, J. C., and Román, C. (2007). Using fuzzy number for measuring quality of service in the hotel industry. Tourism Management. 28(2), 544-555.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Pay Sructures and Continuance Commitment in the Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	G.I. Umoh, Ph.D, MAMN, E. Amah, Ph.D, MNIM, H. I. Wokocha Ph. D, MNIM
	:	10.9790/487X-16226268

Abstract: The study examined the effect of Pay Structures on Continuance Commitment in the Nigerian manufacturing industry. A total of 357employees were randomly drawn from a population of 3386 employees of the 31 manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The instruments used for data collection were questionnaire and oral interview. A total of 210 copies of the questionnaire were retrieved and analyzed. Spearman's Rank Correlation Statistical tool was used to test the hypotheses. The findings revealed that Pay Structures is significantly related to economic exchange and few alternatives. Based on these findings we concluded that Pay Structures has significant influence on Continuance Commitment. The study therefore recommends that management should utilize the rewards management programme which structures the base pay and compensation package, to attract and retain the right people to the organization.

Key Words: Pay Structures, Continuance Commitment, Economic exchange, Reward management.

[1]. Adams, J.S. (1963). Towards an understanding of inequity. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67 (5), 422-436.
[2]. Adams, J.S. (1965). Inequity in social exchange. In Berkowitz, L. (ed.) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. New York: Academic Press
[3]. Allen, N. J. & Meyer, J. P. 1996. Affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization: An examination of construct validity. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, Vol. 49: 252-276
[4]. Allen, R. S. &White, C. S (2002) Equity Sensitivity Theory: A test of responses to two types of under- reward situations. Journal of Managerial Issues, 14, 435-451
[5]. Allutto, J. A., Hrebiniak, L. G. & Alonso, R. C. (1973). On operationalizing the concept of commitment. Social Forces, 51, 448 – 454.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Employee Benefits and Continuance Commitment in the Nigerian Manufacturing Industry.
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	G.I. Umoh, Ph.D, MAMN, E. Amah, Ph.D, MNIM, I. H. Wokocha Ph. D, MNIM

Abstract: The study examined the effect of Employee benefits on Continuance Commitment in the Nigerian manufacturing industry. A total of 357employees were randomly drawn from a population of 3386 employees of 31 manufacturing companies in Rivers State Nigeria. The instruments used for data collection were questionnaire and oral interview. A total of 210 copies of the questionnaire were retrieved and analyzed. Spearman's Rank Correlation Statistical tool was used to test the hypotheses. The findings revealed that Employee benefits are significantly related to economic exchange and few alternatives. Based on these findings we concluded that Employee benefits have significant influence on Continuance Commitment. The study therefore recommends that the benefit program or plan developed must be subject to modification to suit changing circumstances in the society. Also organizations should use their rewards to strategically channel their efforts in a way that will drive organizational success

Key Words: Employee Benefits, Continuance Commitment, Economic exchange, Reward management

[1]. Ahmad, S., Ali, I., Rehman, K., Khan, M.A., and Waseemullah, 2010. Insecure job and low pay leads to job dissatisfaction, Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, vol. 1, No. 11.
[2]. Allen, N.J., & Meyer, J.P. (2000). Construct validation in organizational behavior research: The case of organizational commitment. In R.D. Goffin, & E. Helmes (Eds.), Problems and solutions in human assessment (pp. 285–314). Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers
[3]. Allen, N. J. & Meyer, J. P., 1990. The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance, and normative commitment. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63: 1-18.
[4]. Allen, N. J. & Meyer, J. P. 1996. Affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization: An examination of construct validity. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, Vol. 49: 252-276
[5]. Allutto, J. A., Hrebiniak, L. G. & Alonso, R. C. (1973). On operationalizing the concept of commitment. Social Forces, 51, 448 – 454.