IOSR-JBM   Volume-16 ~ Issue-5 ~ May-2014

Abstract: Billions are spent in the west as well as in the east for leadership programs. The question also arises what kind of strategic interventions are really effective. Till date a specific model is not available to answer the above queries. With this back ground, the present study aims to find out how far the Yoga intervention has brought transformation in leaders. A five day Self Management of Excessive Tension (SMET) program, based on the five layer model espoused by yoga theory and is believed to facilitate improvements in qualities required in leadership development. Multi-factor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) was used for assessment of 62 managers on Oil and Natural Gas Corporation. A significant improvement (p<0.05) in the attributes of the managers is observed in the pre-post results. This empirical study can be a solution and could introduce a new paradigm in the field of leadership development.
Keywords : IYM, Leadership development, MLQ, SMET, Yoga,

[1] R. G. Ahangar, Building managers as transformational leaders in public sector Banks, International Review of Business Research Papers, 5(5), 2009, 355-364.

[2] J. M. Burns, Leadership (New York, NY: Harper and Row Publishers, 1978).

[3] B. M. Bass, Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: Free Press, 1985.

[4] S. Elankumaran, Personality, organizational climate and job involvement: An empirical study. Journal of Human Values, 10(2), 2004, 117-130..

[5] A. Menon, V. R. Krishnan, Transformational leadership and follower's Karma-yoga: role of follower's gender.Journal of Indian Psychology, 22(2), 2004, 50.

Abstract: For many years now, accounting regulators have had concerns about the possible lack of independence between auditors and their clients arising from a long standing professional relationship. The issue is that auditors might get too close to their clients and can lose profession skepticism and objectivity when the relationship goes on too long. This study investigated the influence of remuneration and tenure on auditors' independence in Nigeria. The study used primary and secondary data which was collected by administered a well structure questionnaire. The findings of the study showed thatthe provisions in the Company and Allied Matters Act (2004) are not sufficient to ensure auditors' independence in Nigeria and in very many situations auditors in Nigeria were allowed to serve their clients for more than one accounting year. The study concluded that auditors' remuneration and tenure should be taken into consideration by the regulatory bodies in ensuring auditors' independence in Nigeria.
Keywords:CAMA, Auditors, Auditors' independence, Remuneration and Tenure.

[1]. Abdel-Khalid, A. (2002) Reforming Corporate Governance Post Enron: Shareholders‟ Board of Trustees and the Auditor. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy. Vol. 21(2) 97 - 103
[2]. Adeyemi, S. B. and Okpala, O. (2011). The Impact of Audit Independence on Financial Reporting: Evidence From Nigeria. Business and Management Review. Vol. 1 (4): 9-25, June.
[3]. Adeyemi, S.B. and Akinniyi, K.O. (2011).Stakeholders‟ Perception of the Independence of Statutory Auditors in Nigeria.Serbian Journal of Management 6 (2). 247-267.
[4]. Bakre, O.M. (2007). The Unethical Practices of Accountants and Auditors and Compromising Stance of Professional Bodies in the Corporate World: Evidence from Corporate Nigeria,Accounting Forum, 31(3): 277-303.
[5]. Bazerman, M., Morgan, K. and Loewenstein,G. (1997). "The Impossibility of Auditor Independence"Sloan Management Review Vol. 89, . 91.

Abstract: Entrepreneur is one of the vital inputs in the economic growth and development of a country. Country like India, where mixed economic system exists, that is where State and Private entrepreneurship co-exist, the small industrial sectors and business are left in the hands of private entrepreneurs. The micro small and medium entrepreneurs help in the development of economy by creating employment, which in turn leads to eradication of looming problems like unemployment, regional disparities and poverty of the country. Entrepreneur is a person who innovates and come out with over all change by increasing the standard of living for the betterment of the society by investing and taking lot of risk Micro Small and Medium scale industries has been playing a very important role in the social and economic development of the country. They are considered as the main indicator for the economic development of developing country like India. It has significantly contributed to the overall growth in terms of Gross domestic product, employment generation, income distribution, rural development, poverty eradication, exports and regional balance. It is one of the most vital sectors of the Indian economy in terms of employment generation and providing strong entrepreneurial base. It is estimated that in terms of value, the MSME sector accounts for about 45 % of manufacturing outputs and 40 % of the total exports of the country. Employment distributed is about 595 lakh persons in over 261 lakh enterprises throughout the country. There are over 6000 products ranging from tradition to high-tech items, which are being manufactured by MSMEs in India. It is well known that the MSME provide good opportunities for both self employment and wage employment. Further, this sector has consistently registered a higher growth rate than the rest of the industrial sector. The paper used secondary data and based on descriptive research methodology. Secondary data from various government journals, SIDBI Annual report, MSME Act and various five year plans are used. The main objective of the present study is to analyze the role of MSME sectors in generating employment in India.
Key words: Employment, MSMEs,

[1]. Desai, Vasant (2008), "Small- Scale Industries and Entrepreneurship", Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi.
[2]. Sushma Rani Verma "Performance of Haryana Financial Corporation in Liberalized Era", the IUP Journal of Managerial Economics, Vol. VIII, 2010.
[3]. Jayant Sathaye and Ashok Gadgil, "Role of Development Banks in Promoting Industrial Energy Efficiency India Case Studies", Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1999.
[4]. Dr.H.Y.Kamble, Role of Karnataka a State Financial Corporation in the Industrial Development of the State, Indian journal of Commerce, Vol. L,No. 192, Part III Sept. 1997,P.104-110

Abstract: Information technology is becoming an important factor in the future development of financial services industry, especially the banking industry. The banking sector is based on sharing of information, which itself heavily relies on information and communication technology (ICT) in order to acquire, analyze and deliver data to all relevant users. The ICT is crucial not only for information analysis, but also enables the banking sector to differentiate its offer from competitors and thereby make it a market leader. In this context, banking sector are obliged to continuously innovate and update their marketing strategies in order to closely meet the demands and the requirements of the individual customers. It also provides safe and confidential services which best suit customers' needs. The customer wants more flexibility without paying more, and his demands are clear: Make transactions wherever, whenever, and however he wants. Hence ,the development of the concept of electronic financial services, more commonly known as E-banking. At present, private & public banks of Bangladesh have taken various steps in E-banking. This work has been conducted from the secondary data maximally. This article has drawn present trend & development of E-banking in Bangladesh and included conclusion & recommendation.
Keywords: E-banking, Online-banking, Mobile banking, Electronic money

[1]. Graham George, "World tries a new way to pay". Financial times, November 8, 1996.
[2]. Islam, Monirul, "Proposed ICT infrastructure for E-banking in Bangladesh", March 06, 2005.
[3]. Kamrul Hasan, "E-Banking in Bangladesh": The Future of Banking.
[4]. Khan, A.R, "Bank Management" 4th ed. Ruby Publications, 2007.
[5]. Mahmood Shah, Steve Clarke, "E-Banking Management: Issues, Solutions, and Strategies".

Abstract: Purpose: The present research aims to improve the measurement of consumer-based brand equity. Current measurement of consumer-based brand equity suffers from limitations, including: a lack of distinction between the dimensions brand awareness and brand associations, the use of non-discriminant indicators in the measurement scales and of student samples. Design/methodology/approach: Based on the recommendations of extant research, the scale constructed to measure consumer-based brand equity in this study included brand personality measures. Brand associations were measured using a different set of items. Unlike many of the previous studies that had used student samples, the present study used a sample of actual consumers from an Australian state capital city. Confirmatory factor analysis employing structural equations modeling was used to measure consumer-based brand equity in two product categories and across six brands. Findings: Results support the hypothesized four-dimension model of consumer-based brand equity across two product categories and six brands. Brand awareness and brand associations were found to be two distinct dimensions of brand equity as conceptualized in the marketing literature. The present study contributes to the understanding of consumer-based brand equity measurement by examining the dimensionality of this construct. Paper type: Research paper
Key Words: Brand Awareness, Brand Equity, Brand Identity, Brand Loyalty, Consumers, Quality.

[1]. Aaker, D.A. (1989), "Managing assets and skills: the key to a sustainable competitive advantage", California Management Review, Vol. 31 No. 2, pp. 91-106.

[2]. Aaker, D.A. (1991), Managing Brand Equity, The Free Press, New York, NY.

[3]. Aaker, D.A. (1992), "Managing the most important asset: brand equity", Planning Review, Vol. 20 No. 5, pp. 56-8.

[4]. Aaker, D.A. (1996a), "The agency as brand architect: how today's agencies are restructuring to become better brandbuilders", American Advertising, Vol. 12 No. 1, pp. 18-21.

[5]. Aaker, D.A. (1996b), Building Strong Brands, The Free Press, New York, NY

Abstract: Globalization and emergence of information technology has changed the customers' socio-economic culture and human interactions are now significantly being replaced by the interactions of human-technology where information technology is playing the most important role in providing variety of services to the customers in order to satisfy them. Like any other companies, life insurance companies are also trying to gain the maximum utilization of the information technology in most efficient and effective way in the business operation especially at the time of delivery of different types of services to the customers in the competitive market where customers are fully aware of their needs and requirements, expectations, information technology, information technology enabled services. In the present context, the researcher in this paper tried to understand how life insurance services can be augmented with the help of information technology enabled services with special reference to the Life Insurance Corporation of India (LICI) in Burdwan district, West Bengal.
Keywords: Augmentation, Information Technology, Insurance, Service.

[1] Arend, M. (1992). Technology: Ally or enemy of customer service? ABA Banking Journal, 84(9), 88-91.
[2] Asubonteng, P., McCleary, K. J., & Swan, J. E. (1996). SERVQUAL, revisited: A critical review of service quality. Journal of Services Marketing, 10, 62-81.
[3] Babakus, E., & Boller, G. W. (1992). "An empirical assessment of the SERVQUAL scale". Journal of Business Research, Vol. 24, pp. 253-268.
[4] Bauer, B. T. (2003). "Is a centralized or decentralized IT organization better?" Darwin Magazine. October.
[5] Bitner, M.J., Brown, S.W. & Meuter, M.L. (2000). "Technology infusion in service encounters", Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 28 No. 1, pp. 138-49..

Abstract: The key drivers of employee engagement as the result of the appropriate alignment of human resource practices are job characteristics, role clarity and fit, coworker and management relations, leadership, and perceptions of fairness. For this study will focus on the discussion in Leadership. Engagement and performance. The study was conducted with qualitative methods, because the study is a member of E is comprised of five members. Expected results-oriented research on the process, which leads to the performance of the data or the perspective of using inductive logic. The addition of the new section is loaded with life-engagement in an organization will lead to a conflict of interests because of mental engagement is not in standard operational procedure (SOP) so that the top manager can skip down to the section below it to maintain harmonious relationships between the parts while waiting for the new SOP. Engagement is born of the fledgling group will face rejection old group who tend to feel overwhelmed by, so as to keep all employees who have engagement, organizations must be able to accommodate all activities and enter new that did not exist in the SOP while preparing new SOPs governing the rights and relationships responsibility of all members of the section and its auspices.
Keyword: Leadership, Engagement, Performance

[1]. April, Kurt, at.al, 2011, Leader Career Success & Locus of Control Expectancy, Academy of Taiwan Business Management Review
[2].Aon, Hewitt, 2012, Trends in Global Employee Engagement, http://www.aon.com/attach-ments/thought-leadership/Trends_Global_Employee_Engagement_Final.pdf
[3].Bakker,Arnold B, 2011, An Evidence-Based Model of Work Engagement, http://home.u-balt.edu/NTYGMITC/641/bakker%20evidence%20based%20model%20engage-ment.pdf
[4].Collins, Jim, 2001, harvard business review, january 2001, http://gsblive.uct.ac.za/instruc-tor/usermedia/1650/Collins%202001_2.pdf
[5]. Cummings, P.W. 1999. Open Management: Guides to Successful Practice, Amacom. New York

Abstract: The aim of the present research is to investigate the effect of customer expected value on customer loyalty in the companies which provide Iran's computer equipment (Maadiran, Samservice, and Iranrahjoo). The present research is an applied research regarding its aim and it utilizes survey regarding the method. The population of this research is all the customers of Iranrahjoo, Samservice and Maadiran companies. They have chosen to purchase the computer equipment provided by Iranrahjoo, Samservice and Maadiran companies. The number of samples is 390 in this research which were selected through random selection among the customers of the intended companies in Tehran. The relationship between customer expected value on customer loyalty which includes (the brand image, the company's image, the trust of the employees and the trust of the company, the quality of service, cost, costumer value, and customer loyalty) was studied in this research. A standard questionnaire which includes 34 items was used in order to collect data. The reliability of the questionnaire which is divided into 8 sections was approved through Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results indicate that the primary alpha is within an acceptable range and as a result there is an acceptable and high internal consistency. Therefore it could be concluded that all the variables of the research are sufficiently reliable. The analyses carried out through using the summarized information of the customers of the companies which provide computer equipment indicate that there is no significant relationship between all the aspects of the brand and the customer's viewpoint but customer value significantly affects loyalty.
Keywords: Brand, image, trust, service quality, customer value, customer loyalty

[1]. Aaker, D. And Joachimsthaler, E.2001. Brand Leadership . New York:The Free Press
[2]. Aaker, D.A1991. Managing Brabnd Equity. Newyork:The Free Press. Ny.
[3]. Biong.H .1993. Satisfaction And Loyalty To Suppliers Within The Grocerytrade, European Journal Of Marketing. Page 21-38.
[4]. Cronin, J. J., Brady, M. K., & Hult, T. M. 2000 .Assessing The Effects Of Quality, Value, AndCustomer Satisfaction On Consumer Behavioral Intentions In Service Environments. Journal Of Retailing, pages 193-218.
[5]. Dennis L. Duffy . 2005.The Evolution Of Customer Loyalty Strategy .Journal Of Consumer Marketing 22/5 .284–286.

Abstract: Many companies across the world have experienced some form of diversification. Many of these companies have succeeded and some have failed that many of them have known the lack of attention to different aspects of diversificationas the reason of their failure.In this study, 4 main factors of cost, performance, risk and innovation are taken into consideration among different aspect affected by the implementation of diversification that factors of risk and innovation have been studied simultaneously. A researcher-made questionnaire was distributed in 4 companies manufacturing householdappliances in Isfahan province for a detailed review of 3 mentioned factors. The consideredstatistical population was 500 persons that of these, 152 persons were selected according to the proportions instatistical population.Obtained data were analyzed by using Spss software and in both levels of descriptive statistics (including frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (including univariate t -test, variance analysis test and Friedman test). The findings show that diversification has been able to affect all aspects of cost increases, performance improvement, increase of risk and innovation.
Keywords: diversification, organizationalcosts, organizational innovation, organizational performance, and organizationalrisk

[1]. Hayland T, Diltez E (2009). Survey of relationship between diversification and investment management in gorgan's medicine university.J. management research, vol 21, no 86, page:103-120.
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no4,page: 587-605
[3]. Hili S, Hollenbeck J, Meyer C, Ilgen D(2009). the effects of usuin the vast variety of products on employees performance. J. Applied Social Psychology ,vol 41, no 7, page: 1701-1732
[4]. Morita S , Shimada Y, Matsumoto T, Kawaji S, Teo Zhong Hon T (2009). Recipe Suggestion System, 4th European conference of the international federation for medical and boiological engineering, vol 22, no2, page: 2596-2599
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Abstract:The impact of quality management systems (QMS) on performance remains controversial with a number of empirical studies alluding to nullity of ISO certification on performance. Owing to this contradiction and lack of empirical studies in Kenya, this paperexplores quality management systems and their influence performance of food processing firms in Kenya, where, food processing companies still find it challenging to effectively implement quality managements systems that contribute towards realization of increased organization performance. Over 75% of food processing companies in Kenya are still struggling to embrace effective quality management systems as a strategy to gain a competitive edge in the target market through development of superior product quality, market growth and higher customer satisfaction. The paper makes an important contribution, offering deeper insights into the benefits of quality management systems, practices and principles that managers should take into account for any certification whether ISO, TQM or HACCP to be successfully implemented and consequently translate to increased organization performance. The study found that quality management practices under study have a strong positive correlation with an organizations' competitive performance. These quality practices are critical in achieving and maintaining this competitive performance, they include top management support, capacity enhancement, adoption and utilization of information technology and control measures. The study therefore recommends that food processing firms focus should thus be on modifying the culture of the whole organization with a view to transforming it into an overtly quality-oriented culture, for the firm to achieve the benefits of a quality management system, it is critical to regularly run training in this area with the aim of instilling habits and make workers more receptive to the change of working methods. The implementation of quality management techniques enables organizations to improve internal efficiencies, which is considered as a prerequisite to become competitive in global marketplace.

[1]. Agus, A. (2000). TQM practices in manufacturing companies in Malaysia. An Exploratory Total Quality Management, 11(8), pp 104-51.
[2]. Aggelogiannopoulos, D., Drossinos, H. and Athanasopoulos, P. (2007). Implementation of a quality management system according to the ISO 9000 family in a Greek small-sized winery, a case study. Food Control, 18 (9), pp. 1077-85.
[3]. Ahire, S., Waller, M. and Golhar, D. Y. (1995). Quality management in TQM firms: An empirical study. International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, 13, pp 8-27.
[4]. Alison, D. (2008). Best predictors of quality performance in Australian service organizations. Managing Service Quality, 8 (5), pp.359 – 366.
[5]. Anderson, S.W., Daly, J.D. and Johnson, M.F. (1999). Why firms seek ISO 9000 certification: Regulatory compliance or competitive advantage? Production Operations Management, Vol. 8, pp. 28-43.

Abstract: Les études menées sur les pratiques commerciales des individus révèlent que ces derniers sont à la recherche d'une expérience à la fois gratifiante, originale et hédonique.
La problématique envisagée au niveau de cette recherche s'intéresse à l'impact de la notion de la valeur perçue en tant que facteur de différenciation sur la stratégie mise en oeuvre par l'enseigne de la grande distribution.
L'objectif principal de la recherche est d'identifier les caractéristiques du point de vente valorisées par les consommateurs et d'analyser l'impact de la notion de valeur sur le positionnement perçu de l'enseigne Tunisienne Magasin Général, traduit dans la logique de la typologie axiologique de la valeur (Holbrook 1994 ; 1999).
Keywords: Valeur de magasinage, grande distribution, positionnement, marketing relationnel

[1] Anteblian-Lambrey B. (2002), Une étude exploratoire de la relation consommateur - commerce, Actes du 3éme Colloque E. Thill, La Rochelle.
[2] Aurier P., Evrard Y. et N'Goala G. (1998), La valeur du produit du point de vue du consommateur, Actes des 16ème Journées des IAE, 1, Nantes, Presses Académiques del'Ouest, 199-212.
[3] Badot (2001), Etude comparée de la « valeur-consommateur » de Chapters et d'Extrapole à l'épreuve de la typologie de Holbrook, Actes de la sixième Journée de Recherche de Bourgogne, Université de Bourgogne, 1-28
[4] Bonnin G. (2000), L'expérience de magasinage : conceptualisation et exploration des rôles du comportement physique et de l'aménagement de l'espace, Thèse de Doctorat en Sciences de Gestion, Université de Bourgogne.
[5] Bouchet P. (2004), L'expérience au coeur de l'analyse des relations magasin-magasineur, Recherche et Applications Marketing, 19, 2,53-71.

Abstract: The role of an effective management teacher is quality teaching. Quality teaching in higher education matters for student learning outcomes. But fostering quality teaching presents higher education institutions with a range of challenges at a time when the higher education sector is coming under pressure from many different directions. Institutions need to ensure that the education they offer meets the expectations of students and the requirements of employers, both today and for the future. Yet higher education institutions are complex organizations where the institution-wide vision and strategy needs to be well-aligned with bottom-up practices and innovations in teaching and learning. Developing institutions as effective learning communities where excellent pedagogical practices are developed and shared also requires leadership, collaboration and ways to address tensions between innovators and those reluctant to change. Efficient management teacher uses pedagogical techniques to produce learning outcomes for students. It involves several dimensions, including the effective design of curriculum and course content, a variety of learning contexts (including guided independent study, project-based learning, collaborative learning, experimentation, etc.), soliciting and using feedback, and effective assessment of learning outcomes. His role also involves to provide well-adapted learning environments and student support services. A key insight from complex systems is that simple solutions are not likely to be effective in cases such as the education system, and that providing a balance or coexistence of what seem to be opposites may provide the greatest opportunities for successful courses of action. In the following we consider:

Keywords: curriculum ,effective assessment, pedagogical practices ,quality teaching, management teacher

[1]. Adrian S. & Matheson R.A, (1996) "Management Training- are business schools out of touch with their market?", Journal of European Industrial Training, MCB University Press.
[2]. Altbach Philip G., "Higher education and WTO: Globalization Among", International Higher Education no.3, The Boston College Center for International Higher Education.
[3]. Aggarwal A., Rizvi I.A & Popli S. (2004), "Global Branding of Business Schools: An Indian Perspective", Welingkars Research Journal, Volume II, Issue-4, pp 2-31.
[4]. Beard C., (1994) "Educating the star fleet captin-making business schools more relevant to their stakeholders:, Working paper, University of Paisley, June 1994.
[5]. Bhada Yezdi K. (2002), "Top of the Class", Bized November/ December 2002 AASCB Publication pp.22-27

Abstract: The organization can improve their own competency, by applying an appropriate change management scheme. For changing the model of service supply chain, actor-process matrix has been generated by using Situation-Actor-Process (SAP) – Learning-Action-Performance (LAP) model. The case study has been done on "Indo Danish tool room" (IDTR), Jamshedpur. The IDTR has to accepted newer ways of thinking and ideas and also adopted changed environment. Some previous situations of IDTR, has been discussed in this case study. These situations including actors, processes, learning's, actions, and performances have been defined. By analyzing SAP-LAP hills framework technique to find processes which has maximum effort to change management in IDTR. The organization understands from their previous situation and locates excellent key results area in SAP-LAP hills framework. In this way, SAP-LAP has been proved as an ideal tool. The weight-age to actor-process matrix is given in range 1-10 and converted to prioritized scores. This will give the location of high and low peaks in SAP-LAP hills framework. The low peaks having greater intensity to change management. It can be recommended to concentrate there and give prime consideration to such situations and how actor needs to behave and how process need to be scheduled under similar situations.
Keywords: A SAP-LAP Tool, Flexibility, Situation Analysis, Management Justification, Change Management, Actor-Process Matrix, A Case Study

[1] Pramod, V.R. and Banwet, D.K., (2010), "System modelling of telecom service sector supply chain: a SAP-LAP analysis‟, International Journal of Business excellence Vol. 3, No. 1, pp.38–64.
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[4] Sushil (2001), "SAP LAP Framework‟, Global Journal of flexible systems management, Vol.2, No.1, pp.51-55.
[5] Agarwal A., "Effectiveness of IT in Supply Chain Performance: A System Dynamics Study", International Journal of Information Systems and Change Management, (2006), Vol. 1, No. 3, 241-261.

Abstract: This is one of the first investigations of consumer motivations for purchasing luxury brands in India, a country with an emerging middle class. It identifies four dimensions of luxury benefits for segmenting markets. These include the financial, functional, personal, and social benefits of luxury value. Using data collected from 329 respondents in Mumbai the study identifies nine luxury factors for purchase behaviour. These are used for classifying respondents into three behavioural segments using cluster analysis. The first segment appears to buy luxury goods primarily for their snob appeal, the second segment for their prestige appeal, and the third for their value appeal. The results show that while many consumers may buy the same luxury goods, their motivations for doing so differ. The findings should help marketers tailor their messages to specific luxury-seeking segments.
Keywords: Consumer behaviour, luxury, market segmentation

[1]. Aaker, D., 1991.‟ Managing Brand Equity: Capitalizing on the Value of a Brand Name‟, Free Press, New York.
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Abstract: Stress Management is drawing more and more attention nowadays, particularly in the corporate context. There is no such thing as a stress- free job. Everyone in his work is exposed to tension, frustration and anxiety as he gets through the duties assigned to him. In the interest of the individual customer, business world and the Government., Banks and Bank employees are playing a very important role for developing the Indian Economy. It is generally believed by the common man that employees of Banks may not experience stressors in their jobs when compared to other occupations. To test the validity of this belief the researcher had undertaken a study of "Occupational Stress - a study with reference to Bank Employees in Chennai" Comparative study with reference to the employees of Nationalized Banks, State Bank of India, Private sector Banks and the Co-operative sector Banks in Chennai
Key Words: Stress, Stressors,Organizational Stress, Coping strategies

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