IOSR-JBM   Volume-18 ~ Issue-1 ~ January-2016

Abstract: In matching structure with strategy, David (2011) state that a change in strategy usually needs a change in the manner an organization is structured. There are two reasons for this. First, it is the structure of the organization that will determine how objectives and policies will be set. For example, ―objectives and policies established under a functional organizational structure are couched in functional terms‖. The second reason why changes in strategy often require changes in structure is that structure determines how resources will be allocated. In this case, as organization's structure is established along functional business lines, it follows that resources are allocated along functions. It is only when new or revised strategies retain emphasis in the same area as the old strategies, otherwise structural changes become inevitable in strategy implementation.

[1]. Anthony, R. N. & Govindarajan, V. (2004). Management control systems (11th ed.). Boston: McGraw_Hill Irwin.
[2]. Cheng, J. L. C. (March 1983). Interdependence and coordination in organizations: A role-system analysis. Academy of Management Journal, 26(1), 156-162.
[3]. Gibson, J. L., Ivancevich, J. M., Donnlly Jr, J. H. & Konopaske, R. (2003). Organizations: Behavior, structure, processes (11th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin.
[4]. Griffin, D. (2014). Functional organisational structure advantages. Retrieved on May 24, 2014, from http: smallbusiness.chrom.com/functional-organizational-structure-advantages-3621hmtl
[5]. Stanford University Stanford Center for Professional Development (2010). Challenges with complex, cross-functional amd geographical program teams. Stanford Advanced Project Management Certificate Program. Retrieved on May 20, 2014, from quarry.stanford.edu/webinars/10072apm.pdf

Abstract: Persons with different attributes i.e. age, education, skill level, have to face different magnitudes of economic and other losses due to same extent and degree of disability. Charity-based model in India, coupled with an incorrect policy framework leading to limited augmentation of the residual potential of individual, results into a huge loss of high-quality human resources after disability associated with various kinds of social and economic problems. Through a few cases, this paper highlights an approach to appropriately utilise the residual potential of (PWDs) Persons with Disabilities with the delivery of appropriate assistive technologies as per their attributes in a cost effective manner for ensuring long-term inclusive growth. Keywords: Persons with disabilities, Assistive technologies, Alternate skill, Decent work, Disability management

[1]. Artificial Limbs Manufacturing Corporation (2014) "ALIMCO 2014" report available at http://alimco.in/ accessed on May 01, 2015
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[3]. Balarajan, Y, Selvaraj S and Subramanian S V (2011) "Health Care and Equity in India", Lancet, 377(9764): Page 505-15.
[4]. Confederation of Indian Industries (2014), "Make in India: Turning Vision into Reality" available at http://www.bcgindia.com/documents/file176705.pdf accessed on May 01, 2015
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[6]. Desai Sonalde (2008) "Changing Educational Inequalities in India in the Context of Affirmative Action" available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2474466/ accessed on May 1st 2015.

Abstract: The study was aimed at establishing how Zimbabwe's economic blueprint, Zimbabwe Agenda for Sustainable, Social and Economic transformation [ZIMASSET (2013-2018)] was affecting ZOU operations in its endeavor to play a proactive role in it (ZIMASSET). The study which was qualitative used the interview technique to collect data from ZOU senior officials, officials from parent Ministry of Higher and Tertiary education, Science & Technology development and the Ministry of Finance. Some of the major results were that, a lot of influential senior officials were not very conversant with what ZIMASSET entailed, that government support to ZOU had drastically gone down since inception of ZIMASSET, the policy lacked adequate budget provision and that had a negative bearing on the performance of its clusters.

[1] Government of Zimbabwe, ZIMASSET(2013-2018)
[2] www.parlzim.gov.zw, Organisational Transformation as an Asset for ZIMASSET.
[3] www.southerneye.co.zw, Zimbabwe Agenda for Sustainable Social and Economic Transformation [4] www.newsdzezimbabwe.co.uk, ZIMASSET Target Achievable Says S.K Moyo (June 17, 2015)
[5] www.newsday.co.zw ZIMASSET, a failure in rebuilding Zimbabwe (12 March, 2014)
[6] www.allafrica.com Zimbabwe: Mandiwanzira warns against ZIMASSET let up (October 2013)

Abstract: The construction organization contributes to the generation of large quantities of waste and therefore, causes a lot of environmental problems in Nigerian cities. Across Nigeria, appropriate procedures for managing construction waste are not given much attention, developers and their contractors are left to the collection and disposal of construction waste management, Therefore lead to ineffective construction waste management. The main purpose of this study is to assess the relationship between organizational resources and construction waste management among construction organization in Nigeria. (ii) For the process of validation instrument developedfor the ongoing research, and the identified constructs of the study. Data were collected from forty respondents using a sixty one item instrument. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software for the data collected.

[1] Osmani, O M. W. M. S. W. Mohamad, A. Reside, and T. K. Kooi. (2012). Modelling of Construction Firms Sustainability. Universiti Sains Malaysia. Pace, R. W. (2002). The organizational learning audit. Management Communication Quarterly, 15(3), 458-465. [2] Yuan, H., Shen, L., & Wang, J. (2011). Major obstacles to improving the performance of waste management in China's construction industry. Facilities, 29(5/6), 224-242. [3 ] Nagapan, S. Rahman, I. A., & Asmi, A. (2012). Factors Contributing to Physical and Nonphysical Waste Generation in Construction Industry. International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences, 1(1), 1-10. [4] Poon, C. (2007). Management of construction and demolition waste. Waste Management, 27 (2), 159-160. [5] Kofoworola, O.F. and Gheewala, S.H., 2009. Estimation of construction waste generation and management in Thailand. Waste management, 17(1), 731-738. [6] Wahab, A., & Lawal, A. (2011). An evaluation of waste control measures in construction industry in Nigeria. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 5(3), 246-254. [7] Ekanayake. L. L., & Ofori, G. (2000). Construction material waste source evaluation. Proceedings of Strategies for a Sustainable Built Environment, Pretoria (August), 23-25.

Abstract: Purpose: Shopping online is different from traditional shopping in terms of experience on the part of consumers. Consumers in traditional markets can touch and feel the products before purchasing it and on the other hand in virtual markets products can be assessed visually only. The purpose of this paper is to understand online shopping behavior of consumers in India. Design/methodology: Researchers have conducted an empirical study of 100 online shoppers to identify their online shopping behaviour using Structural equation modeling.

[1]. Ward, Susan. (2015). Internet marketing, Accessed on 2015, September 08 and retrieved from About.com website: http:// sbinfocanada.about.com/ od/marketing /g/ internetmarket.htm . In-text-reference: Ward (2015)
[2]. Gnanasambandam, Chandra., Madgavkar, Anu., Kaka, Noshir., Manyika, James., Chui, Michae., Bughin, Jacques., Gomes, Malcolm. (2012). Online and upcoming: The Internet's impact on India, Accessed on 2015, September 06 and retrieved from McKinsey website : www.mckinsey.com . In-text-reference: Gnanasambandam et al (2012)
[3]. Swaminathan, V., Lepowska-white, E., and Rao, B. P. (1999.) Browsers or buyers in cyberspace? Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, 5(2), 1–23. In-text-reference: Swaminathan et al (1999)
[4]. Boonghee, Y and Donthu, N. (2001). Developing scale to measure the perceived quality of an internet shopping site (SITEQUAL), Quaterly Journal of Electronic commerce, 2 (1), 31-47 2001. In-text-reference: Booonghee and Donthu (2001)
[5]. Hans, P. P. (2013). Venturing online with help, Accessed on 2015, September 09 and retrieved from Money Today website: http://www.businesstoday.in/ moneytoday/technology/tips-to-handle-logistics-of-starting-an-e-commerce-venture/story/196112.html, July 2013. In-text-reference: Hans (2013)

Abstract: Consumer behaviour is the process focuses on how individuals make decisions to spend their available resources like time, money, effort on consumption-related items. To that end, this paper addresses two fundamental research issues. Using a qualitative study, first identify the element of consumer buying behaviour process for White Goods Industry. Second, explore the factors affecting consumer buying behaviour. The close-ended questionnaire was developed from standard questions of relevant literature as a research instrument. The sample size taken for the research is of 300 respondents. Results of the experiment indicated that the overall set of independent variables was weakly associated with the dependent variable. However, the in-depth analysis found that product features, family and social status elements were strongly associated with the buying behaviours of Indore consumers.

Key Words: Consumer Buying Behaviour, Product Features, Social Status, Brand, Indian White Goods Industry

[1]. Kotler, P., Caslione, J. (2009). How Marketers Can Respond to Recession and Turbulence. Journal of Consumer Behavior, 8(2), 187-191.
[2]. Armstrong, J. S. (1991). Prediction of Consumer Behavior by Experts and Novices. Journal of Consumer Research, 18(2), 251-256.
[3]. Schiffman, L. G., Kanuk, L. L. (2007). Purchasing Behavior (9th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
[4]. Al-Rajhi, Khalid Sulaiman (2008). The effects of brands and country of origin on consumers' buying intention in Saudi Arabia. PhD thesis.
[5]. Sheth, J.N. & Mittal, B. (2004). Customer Behavior: A Managerial Prospective. 2nd Edition South-Western. Mason (USA)
[6]. Sharma, Kiran, (2012). Impact of affective and Cognitive processes on impulse buying of consumers. Thesis PhD, Saurashtra University
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Abstract: Paradigms are the fundamental frame works around which disciplines and schools of thought are established .A majority of paradigms are associated with service management from past thirty years that have come from the marketing discipline and perspective .Present paradigms showed by marketers are invalid .Others can be seen to provide little discriminatory value and thus few unique managerial insights. Further, some of the services marketing paradigms are biased against traditional operations management. Relationship marketing (RM) as one of the key functionality in enhancing business performance RM is defined as the identification, establishment, maintenance, enhancement, modification and termination of relationships with customers to create value for customers and profit for organization by a series of relational exchanges that have both a history and a future. Relational exchanges can be viewed under transaction cost analysis and social exchange theories depending on the context.

[1]. Berry, L. L., 1980. Services marketing is different. Business 30 (3), May/June, pp. 24.
[2]. Bitner, M. J., 1992. Servicescapes: The impact of physical surroundings on customers and employees. Journal of Marketing 56 (2), Apr, pp. 57.
[3]. Edwardson, B., Gustafsson, A., and Roos, I., 2005. Service portraits in service research: a critical review. International Journal of Service Industry Management 16 (1), pp. 107-121.
[4]. Gummersson, E., 1995. Relationship marketing: Its role in the service economy. Understanding Services Management, W. J. Glynn and J. G. Barnes, eds., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 244-268.
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Abstract: The long-term nature of decisions on investment activities need adequate capital budgeting, which is based on the selection of the optimal sources of financing. Based on assessment of the firm value of the company to decide whether to join an investment or not. To this end, this paper studied investment and project appraisal as a tool for sustainable growth and value creation. The survey research design was adopted in the research methodology with the questionnaire instrument administered on a randomly selected sample of 80 respondents. Having presented the data collected in tables with analysis done using simple percentages, the ANOVA (F-Ratio) test was used to test the formulated hypotheses. The results of the study revealed that there is a significant relationship between capital investment appraisal techniques and firms' sustainable growth and value creation and sound financial management is critical to the survival and long-term success of firms Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that the expected returns on investment exceed the anticipated risk of such an investment to ensure that the firm maintains a sustained growth that will eventually expand its ability to create.

Keywords: Investment Appraisal, Investment Decision, Returns on Investment (ROI), Investment Discounted Cash Flow (DCF)

[1]. Akalu, M. (2001). "Re-examining project appraisal and control: developing a focus on wealth creation." International Journal of Project Management 19: 375-383. Determinants of the use of capital investment appraisal methods: Evidence from the field
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[3]. Baird, K. M., G. L. Harrison and R. C. Reeve (2004). "Adoption of activity management practices: a note on the extent of adoption and the influence of organizational and cultural factors." Management Accounting Research 15(4): 383-399.
[4]. Brealey, R. and S. Myers (1998) Priciples of Corporate Fianance. 5th Edition, McGraw-Hill.
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Abstract: In this research, the effect of cultural intelligence on burnout levels and working performance of the employers of the security sector within a multinationalenvironment is searched. For this purpose, thequestionnairedata, which was collected from 133 participants who were employed in Kosovo Forces (KFOR) within the scope of peacekeeping in 2014, wasanalyzed. In this study,while relationships and effects among factorswere revealed by correlation and regression analyses, structural equation modeling has been used during verification of factors and scales. As a result of the findings, it was seen that the cultural intelligence of security employers, who were in charge of KFOR, had negative effectson burnout levels,but positive effects on working performance.

1]. Ang, S.,Van Dyne, L. (2008). Conceptualization of culturalintelligence: Definition, distinctiveness, andnomological network. İçinde S. Ang ve L. Van Dyne (Ed.), Handbook of culturalintelligence: Theory, measurement, andapplications (s. 3–15). Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.
[2]. Ang, S., Van Dyne, L., Koh, C.K.S., Ng, K.Y., Templer, K.J., Tay, C.,Chandrasekar, N.A. (2007). Culturalintelligence: Itsmeasurementandeffects on culturaljudgmentanddecisionmaking, culturaladaptationandtaskperformance. Management andOrganizationReview, 3 (3), 335–371.
[3]. Ang, S.,Dyne, L., Koh, C. (2006). Personalitycorrelaatesfoufactoromodel of culturalintelegence, GroupandOrganizational Management, 31, 100-122.
[4]. Bilge, F. (2006). ExaminingTheBurnout Of AcademicsInRelationToJobSatisfactionAndOtherFactors, SocialBehaviorAndPersonality, 34(9), 1151-1160.
[5]. Borman, W.C.,Motowıidlo, S.J. (1993), ExpandingTheCriterion Domain toIncludeElements of ContextualPerformance, (der.), Schmitt, N. ve Borman, W.C. PersonnelSelection in Organizations, San Francisco, Ca: Jossey-Bass, 71-98.
[6]. Büte, M. (2011). Etik İklim, Örgütsel Güven ve Bireysel Performans Arasındaki İlişki,Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 25(1), 171-192.

Abstract: This paper presents the status of training in family-owned businesses in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).It further highlights the barriers in training and development and gives recommendations for improving the training in family-owned businesses in KSA. The paper is based on the mixed-method research approach using quantitative as well as qualitative techniques. 210 HR employees responded to the survey questionnaire. Interviews of 33HR mangers were taken with the help of another questionnaire for qualitative analysis. Inference have been made using the responses from the quantitative as well qualitative research. Data was statistically analyzed and tested. The study finds that the training in family-owned businesses have number of barriers and have lots of potential for improvements to improve the skills and competency level of employees as well as to improve the productivity of the business. Keywords: Training, Advantages of Training, Family-owned business, Barriers, Training Need Analysis(TNA).

[1]. Davis, P., About time: Einstein‟s unfinished revolution, New York: Simon; Schuster, 1995.
[2]. Aguinis, Herman and Kraiger, Kurt, Development for Individuals and Teams, Organization and Society. Annual Review Psychol. 2009.60, 2009, 451-74.
[3]. Colarelli, S. M., & Montei, M. S., Some contextual influences on training utilization. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 32(3), 1196, 306-322.
[4]. Becker, G. S., Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis with special reference to education (3rd ed.). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, Becker, 1993.
[5]. Alwekaisi, K. S., Perception of Training Programs in Family-owned Firms in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. PhD Dissertation, School of Business. Brunel University, UK, 2015.
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Abstract: This explains the research purpose; the relationship between leadership style with the diversity of women workers in the organization's culture and its influence on the competitiveness of enterprises. This form of research is explanatory research,Research found that individual women workers in Makassar has a culturally diverse, coming from different tribes / ethnic groups in Indonesia.The individual cultural workers can affect the strong, weak, and adaptability to the culture of the organization, which will have an impact on the ability of the company's competitiveness. However strong, the weak as well as the adaptation of the organizational culture for the company in the city of Makassar is determined by style (style) corporate leaders in running the company's management.In general it was found that leadership style democratic and charismatic manager become an idol for women workers who have a culture colectitism and femininism, but the authoritarian style and laizes-fire on tribal / ethnic also needed to guide for women workers primarily who have cultural properties power distance or individualism to be in line with the company's organizational culture, so that organizational culture affects the competitiveness of the company's business.

Keywords: organizational culture, cultural diversity, leadership styles, competitiveness

[1]. Amir, M. Taufiq, 2005. Manajemen Ritel : Panduan Lengkap Pengelolaan Toko Modern. Cetakan ke 2, PPM. Jakarta.
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Abstract: Environmental protection and sustainability is the part of Islamic finance to ensure the fulfilment and establishments of spirit of Islamic tenants. The need to care for the environment and the forms of life that Allah has created on this earth that includes proper usage of natural resources (Al-Fajr: 11-14). Green finance involves the allocation of funds to the environmental friendly projects that help the mankind from any harmful and compliance to the shari'ahrules.The main purpose of the study is to examine the role of shar'ah based banking on green financing in Bangladesh. The study has used the structural questionnaire for primary data that includes various dimensions on green financing of shari'ah based banking in Bangladesh.

[1]. Bihari, S.C. (2011). "Green Banking – Socially Responsible Banking in India", The IndiaBanker, Vol. VI (1).
[2]. Goldar, B.N (2007), "Impact of Corporate Environmental Performance or Profitability and Market Value: A Case Study of Indian Firms", Institute of Economic Growth, Vol. 5,(1), PP:13- 25.
[3]. Gupta, S. (2003). "Does Stock market penalize Environment-Unfriendly Behavior? Evidence fromIndia", Delhi School of Economics working Paper Series, PP:112 -116
[4]. Heim, G. and Zenklusen, O. (2005). "Sustainable Finance: Strategy Options for Development Financing Institutions", Eco: Fact, Stampfenbachstrass, Zurich, 2005.
[5]. Islam, T., Sharmeen, K. and Rahman, S. (2012). "Adopting Green: from the Perspective of Private Commercial Banks in Bangladesh", Proceedings of Annual Shanghai Business,Economics and Finance Conference 3 - 4 November 2014, Shanghai University of International Business and Economics, Shanghai, China
[6]. Islam, M.S. and Das, P.C. (2013). "Green Banking Practices in Bangladesh", Journal of Business Management, Vol. 08 (3), PP: 39-44

Abstract:Purpose and objectives of the study: The primary objective of the researchers is to study and understand the concept of social media marketing and its role in the Micro Small and Medium Enterprise (MSME) sector. It is also intended to study the correlation between the sales obtained by a successful marketer and the time spent on social media marketing.
Research Methodology: Data was collected from 50 Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) using judgement sampling. Exploratory research is used to study the social media marketing strategies used by these MSMEs for customer acquisition and retention.

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[6]. Berthon, P., Ewing, M. T., & Napoli, J. (2008), Brand management in small to medium-sized enterprises, Journal of Small Business Management, 46(1), 27-45.
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