IOSR-JBM   Volume-18 ~ Issue-1 ~ January-2016

Abstract: This study sought to review and unpack the possible explanations behind perceived failure of a diversified group, TN Holdings in Zimbabwe in the period 2009 to 2015. The diversification experiments were being done between 2008 and 2014. The study unraveled areas which might have been overlooked by the strategic managers. With numerous case studies of failed mergers and diversified groups, one would be tempted to think managers are aware of the problems of diversifying businesses. The study was mainly exploratory, with conveniently sampled respondents being interviewed. The major findings were that leaders were not skilled enough to lead such a hugely diversified group. The management failed to build organizational competencies, failure to manage organizational politics and improper stakeholder mapping to effect diversification success.

[1]. Ansoff, H. I. (1957). Strategies for diversification . Harvard Business Review . (35) (5): 113 24.
[2]. Barney, J.B. and Hesterly, W. (2015) Strategic Management and Competitive Advantage: Concepts and Cases. 5th Edition, Prentice-Hall.
[3]. Bass, B.M. and Bass, R. (2008). The Bass Handbook of Leadership: Theory, Research and Managerial Applications. Free Press, New York
[4]. Bate, P. (1984) The Impact of Organisational Culture on Approaches to Organizational Problem-Solving. In Salaman, G.(ed) Decision Making for Business. Sage Publications, pp 192-208
[5]. Beer, M. and Eisenstat, R.A. (2000) The Silent Killers of Strategy Implementation and Learning. MIT Sloan Management Review
[6]. Bergh, D.D. (2001) Diversification Strategy Research at a Crossroad: Established, Emerging and Anticipated Paths.

Abstract: Company as Corporation, like in individual has right to have company property in developing it and receive profit from company property as well. So that it must be the the company has its obligation to pay tithe (zakat).Sharia Accounting Perspective for Company, the aim is in order to carry out tithe appropriately, it is to purify company property or individual property to the bussiness that has been done, based on Ilahiyah (Godlike) reality and it can provide welfare to the poor who have difficult time in economic difficulty.The Method in accordance with sharia regard to tithe (zakat) that has to be paid is not situated on the result of company activities. It is, however, situated on thought about property.

[1]. Belkaoui, Ahmed Riahi, 2006, Teori Akuntansi, Buku 1, Edisi kelima, Salemba Empat, Jakarta.
[2]. Frankel, M. and R. Trezevant, 1994, The year-end LIFO inventory purchasing decision: An empirical test.The Accounting Review 69: 382-398. Jurnal Perpajakan Indonesia vol. 2 no. 3 (Oct. 2002).
[3]. Fadlullah, Cholid, 1993, Mengenal Hukum ZIS dan Pengamalannya di DKI Jakarta, Jakarta: Bazis,
[4]. Hafidhuddin, Didin, 2008, Panduan Praktis Tentang Zakat, Infak, dan Sedekah, Jakarta: Gema Insani,.
[5]. Hammed, Shahul bin Hj. Muhammed Ibrahim, 1997, From Conventional Accounting to Islamic Accounting. Dep. Accountancy and Business Finance, University of Dunde..

Abstract: This research aims to develop a model of Islamic Cooperation as an effort to increase studententrepreneurs on campus of State University of Malang. Through case-based qualitative approach, it seeks to explore Islamic cooperation model applied in Islamic Cooperation of UGT Pasuruan, Center Cooperationof Islamic Jakarta and condition of Student Cooperationat State University of Malang. Based on the SWOT analysis it can be concluded that from either institutional perspective or business field, it is possibly developed a Islamic-based cooperation model to be disseminated in Student Cooperationin the campus of State University of Malang. Key Words: Model,Cooperation,Islamic

[1]. A Ward, 2005, Department of Electronics, University of York... An integrated model of Entrepreneurship and Intrapreneurship. Emerald Insight source of Journal.
[2]. Bogdan, R.C. and Biklen, S.K. 1998. Qualitative Research in Education: An Introduction to Theory and Methods.Third Edition. Boston: Allyn and Bacon
[3]. BPS. 2009. Pengangguran Terbuka Menurut Pendidikan Tertinggi yang Ditamatkan. (Online) (http://www.bps.go.idaccessed February9, 2010).
[4]. BPS. 2010. Berita Resmi 6 Statistik No. 77/12/Th. XIII, December 1,2010.
[5]. BPS, 2013, Jumlah Pemuda Usia 16-30 tahun. (Oneline) (www.bps.go.idaccessed January2013)
[6]. CISPED (Center for Islamic Studies in Finance, Economic and Develepment). 2012
[7]. Creswell, J. W. and Clark, V.L. P. 2007. Designing and Conducting Mixed Method Research. Thousand oaks: Sage Publication Inc.
[8]. Creswell. John W. 2009. Research Design:Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. London: Sage Publication Inc.

Abstract: The phenomenon of performance management, a process which accords to the competent management of individuals and teams in order to attain immense levels of organizational performance, holds a significant place in management literature. A performance management system is a set of interrelated activities and processes that are treated holistically as an interspersed element of an organization's path to managing performance to achieve the organizational objectives. This paper attempts to foresee the impact of performance management system on employee involvement, which is moderated by employee acceptance. Employee involvement relates to the level of participation by members in an organization's decision-making process.

[1]. Walt &Medemma, A. D. (2006). Performance Management Analysis:a case study at a Dutch muncipality. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, Vol 55,No 1,pp 26-39
[2]. Armstrong, M. (2010). Armstrong's Handbook of Performance Management.An evidence based guide to delivering high performance. New Delhi: Kogan Page India Private Limited. [3]. Michael Armstrong&Angela Baron( 2004).Managing Performance.Performance Management in Action , ISBN13: 9781843981015.
[4]. Coens &Jenkins( 2002). Abolishing Performance Appraisals – Why they back fire and what to do instead McGraw-Hill Inc. USA
[5]. .lou, A. t. (January 2000). Employee Involvement : Report produced for the EC Funded Projet
[6]. Dyer, J. & Chu, W. (2000). The Determinants of Trust in Supplier Automaker Relationships in the U.S., Japan, Korea, Journal of International Business Studies, 31(2), 285–295.
[7]. Taylor, P.J. and Pierce, J.L. (1999), ―Effects of introducing a performance management system on employees' subsequent attitudes and effort‖, Public Personnel Management, Vol. 28 No. 3, pp. 423-52.

Abstract: Cocoyam market structure and conduct are the focus of this study carried out in South East, Nigeria. Cocoyam is a common staple crop produce and consume in South East Nigeria. The study involved collection of primary information about market structure and their conduct of cocoyam farmers, wholesalers and retailers. The study was guided with the null hypothesis that the mean income of farmers, wholesalers and retailers did not significantly differ. A total of 260 questionnaires were administered from September 2012 to August 2013 to farmers, wholesalers and retailers selected through stratified multi-staged random sampling techniques. Descriptive statistics, concentration ratios, Gini coefficient, Herfindahl Hirschman index were used to analyze the data. Only 7% of marketers obtained loan from formal financial institution indicating financial market failure. The Herfindahl Hirschman index calculated for farmer, wholesalers, and retailers were 119.49, 193.98 and 196.69 respectively.

[1]. Bown, D. (2000). Aroids. Plants of the Arum Family. (2nd Editio). Portland, Oregon, USA.: Press., Timber.
[2]. Ajala, A. A., & Obiechina, C. O. . (1987). An investigation into the economics of production and storage of cocoyam in the farming system of Nsukka Agricultural Zones of Anambra State: implication for extension service. In O. B. Arene, L. S. . Ene, S. O. Odurukwe, & N. O. A. Ezeh (Eds.), Proceedings of the 1st National Workshop on Cocoyajm' August (pp. 131–137). Umudike: National Root Crop Research Institute.
[3]. Njoku, J. E., & Obiefuna, J. C. (1987). Problems in production and marketing of cocoyam in Imo State of Nigeria". In O. O. Arene, L. S. O. Ene, S. O. Odurukwe, & N. O. A. Ezeh (Eds.), 1st National Workshop on Cocoyam' August (pp. 101–107).
[4]. Nwagbo, E. C., Okorji, E. C., & Ugwu, D. (1987). Cocoyam and food economy of Anambra state, a case study of two major production area of Anambra State. In O. B. Arene, L. S. O. Ene, S. O. Odurukwe, & N. O. A. Ezeh (Eds.), 1st National Workshop on Cocoyam (pp. 101–107). National Root Crop Research Institute, Umudike, Nigeria.
[5]. Okoye, B. ., Asumugha, G. ., & Mbanaso, E. N. . (2007). Cost Return Analysis of CocoyamProduction at NRCRI, Umudike National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike, AbiaState. In Agricultural society of Nigeria (Vol. 41, pp. 511–513).

Abstract: This paper provides a link between adult learning and lifelong literature. The rationale for adult learning which has its roots on informal learning is provided to bridge the gap between the two notions. It offers in a nutshell some benefit of learning from adult education standpoint. It also paper proposes and substantiate of a comprehensive position of learning that accommodate social aspects of life than narrowly understood formal learning for certification. The paper expects to classify the immediate results of learning, offer the understanding of how learning influence on outcomes and offer practical examples from empirical evidence. Last, the paper emphasizes the wide understanding of learning from an adult education perspective as a concluding remark. Keywords: Adult Education, adult training, learning, adult learners' skills, adult learners' competences.

[1]. Arfaa, J & Wang, Y. (2013)."A Usability Study on Elder Adults Utilizing Social Networking "Sites." Design, User Experience, and Usability. User Experience Design for Diverse Interaction Platforms and Environments. Proc. of 16th International Conference HCI International, Greece, Crete. Ed. Aaron Marcus. Vol. 8518. N.p.: Springer International, 2014b. 50-61.
[2]. Blundell, R., Dearden, L., & Meghir, C. (1996). The determinants and effects of work related training in Britain. London: The Institute for Fiscal Studies.
[3]. Chevalier, A., & Feinstein, L. (2006). Sheepskin or Prozac: The Causal Effect of Education on Mental Health. Centre for Research on the Wider Benefits of Learning Discussion Paper. London: Institute of Education.
[4]. Coleman, J. S. (1990). The foundations of social theory. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
[5]. Feinstein, L., Duckworth, K., & Sabates, R. (2004). A model of the inter-generational transmission of educational success. Wider Benefits of Learning, Research Report 10. London: Institute of Education.
[6]. Feinstein, L., Galindo Rueda, F., & Vignoles, A. (2004). The labour market impact of adult education and training. The Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 51(2), 266-280.
[7]. Feinstein, L., & Sabates, R. (2005). Education and youth crime: effects of introducing the Education Maintenance Allowance programme. Wider Benefits of Learning, Research Report 14. London: Institute of Education.

Abstract: This paper discusses issues of workplace conflict in relation to the principle of lifelong learning. The discussion addresses the questions of what really does workplace conflicts mean, how workplace conflicts can be categorized and various factors that affect workplace conflicts. The argument here is that conflicts are inevitable, but strategies could be formulated to minimize or eradicate them although there might be some implications to these conflicts in workplace. This is particularly relevant in the context of workplaces as site where adults meet for production purposes conflict can be appreciated, a situation where adults as individuals can have difference in the way they see things. It has to be understood that conflicts in any organization are a natural part of any relationship and of any group.

[1]. Amason, A. C. (1996). Distinguishing the effects of functional and dysfunctional conflict on strategic decision making: Resolving a paradox for top management teams. Academy of Management Journal, 39(1): 123-148.
[2]. Behestifar, M. & Zare, E. (2013). Effect of Spirituality in Workplace on Job Performance. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 5(2), 248-254.
[3]. Bierema, L. L., & Eraut, M. (2004). Workplace-focused learning: Perspective on continuing professional education and human resource development. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 6(1), 52-68.
[4]. Blumberg, H. H. (1998). Peace psychology after the cold war: A selective review. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 124 (1): 5–37
[5]. De Dreu, C. K. (2008). The virtue and vice of workplace conflict: Food for (pessimistic) thought. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 29, 5–18.
[6]. De Dreu, C. K., & Gelfand, M. J. (2008). Conflict in the workplace: Sources, functions, and dynamics across multiple levels of analysis. In C. K.W. De Dreu, &M. J. Gelfand (Eds.), The psychology of conflict and conflict management in organizations. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum..

Abstract: The research was aimed at investigating sales force recruitment and selection for successful operation of sales force structures in industrial marketing: a study of Innoson Vehicle Manufacturing Company Nigeria Limited. Sales managers, human resources managers, marketing directors and other top management personnel are puzzled over the kind of sales personnel to recruit. The specific objectives of the study were to probe the extent of the relationship between salesperson's previous selling experience and successful operations of sales force structure in industrial marketing, to investigate the extent salesperson's persuasive ability influence successful operations of sales force structure in industrial marketing. And to assess the extent salesperson's technical expertise affect successful operations of sales force structure in industrial marketing.

[1]. Achison, C.B. (2000), Industrial Marketing (Analysis, Strategy and Practice), Enugu: Precision Printers and Publishers.
[2]. Ayozie, D. O. (2012), "Is Relationship Marketing An Acceptable Marketing Strategy To Be Used By Nigerian Commercial Banks?" Universal Journal of Management and Social Sciences Vol. 2, No.4.
[3]. Chidi, O.C. (2013), "Recruitment Practices and Performance of Unionized Organizations in the Food, Beverage and Tobacco Industry in Lagos State, Nigeria", Interdisciplinary Journal Of Contemporary Research In Business, Vol 5, No 6.
[4]. Chukwuma, E.M. (2015), "Human Resource Management Challenges in Nigeria under a Globalized Economy: A Study of Innoson Vehicles Manufacturing Company Nigeria Limited", Journal of Policy and Development Studies Vol. 9, No. 4.
[5]. Djabatey, E.N. (2012), "Recruitment and Selection Practices of Organizations: A Case Study of Hfc Bank (Gh) Ltd." Thesis submitted to the Institute of Distance Learning, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Commonwealth Executive Master of Business Administration.

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