IOSR-JBM   Volume-18 ~ Issue-4 ~ April-2016

Abstract: One feature of the modern corporation is the separation of ownership from management. The separation was facilitated by the advent of scientific management in the early 20th Century.A major fall out of this development is the principal-agent problem. The challenge here concerns how owners of the business would ensure that managers do not pursue goals and objectives that are different from those of the promoters......

Keywords: Leadership, Corporate Governance, Transparency and Accountability, Management, Organizational Performance,

[1]. BNET (2007), see http:/dictionary. bnet.com/definition/leadership.html
[2]. Berglof, E. and E. Von Thadden (1999), "The Changing of Corporate Governance Paradigm: Implications for Developing and Transition Economies", Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics(ABCDE), pp.135-162.
[3]. Cadbury, A. (1992), Report of the Committee on the Financial Aspects of Corporate Governance.
[4]. Cadbury, A. (1995), The Company Chairman, London: Institute of Directors.
[5]. Civiletti, BR. (2002), Confidence, Courage and Leadership in CorporateGovernance: Moving Beyond the New Letter of the Law.

Abstract: Labour turnover was studied on various factors like- customer complaints and satisfaction, personal growth, achievement, self control, compensation or monetary growth, self actualization, work motivation, social affiliation, organizational climate, culture clash, availability of better jobs, stress , burnout, job embeddedness, job characteristic, transactional leadership, business cycle, affective organizational commitment, quality of work life, non financial gains, career growth, working hours, family reasons, welfare, working conditions, position requirement challenge, lack of advancement etc.....

Keywords: employee turnover, attrition, retention,banks, performance, organizational commitment,HR practices.

[1]. Biswas, S. (2013, June 7).Attrition in India to top world charts in 2013; one in four employees to change jobs. ET Bureau.Retrieved May 17,2014, from http://articles.economictimes .indiatimes.com/2013-06-07/news/39815456_1_three-employees-indian-employees-attrition.
[2]. PTI.(2014,February 9). Banking sector may create 20 lakh new jobs in next 5-10 years: Experts.Retrieved May 17,2014, from http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/banking-sector-may-create-20-lakh-new-jobs-in-next-510-years-experts/article5670424.ece
[3]. The Telegraph.(2013,December 2).PSU banks stare at staff crisis.Retreived April 17, 2014 from http://www.telegraphindia.com/1131202/jsp/business/story_ 17633477.jsp#.U4YgXPm Sz3i
[4]. Shetty, M. (2012,Sep 3).New private banks see seven out of ten sales offices quit each year .Retrieved April 17,2014 from http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/New-private-banks-see-seven-out-of-ten-sales-offices-quit-each-year/articleshow /16237591.cms

Abstract: Traditionally, scholars suggest firm shall sequential to develop technology-oriented competence to enter other markets (Technology Promote Market, TPM). However, in practice, we observe contradiction that the international enterprises adopt the market-oriented perspective so as to first reflect on market, and then transfer external firm's technologies and experiences to firms (Market Promote Technology, MPT). It is an interesting phenomenon and impact on conducting this research that motives to resolve the gap between the theoretical argument and practice.......

Key words: Technology competence, market competence, resource-based theory, organizational learning theory, Small-Sized Firm

[1]. Alcacer, J., Dezső, C., and Zhao, M. 2015. Location choices under strategic interactions. Strategic Management Journal, 36(2): 197-215.
[2]. Alcacer, J., and Oxley, J. 2014. Learning by supplying. Strategic Management Journal, 35(2): 204-223.
[3]. Amin, A. and Cohendet, P. (1999). Learning and adaptation in decentralised business networks. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space,17: 87–104. [4]. Baker, W. E., and Sinkula, J. M. 2015. Market Orientation and Organizational Performance: A New Product Paradox? Springer International Publishing.
[5]. Burawoy, M. 1991. Ethnography Unbound. University of California Press: Berkeley, CA.

Abstract: Antagonism of interest, a type of moral hazard problem that occurs when a person or institution has multiple objectives or interests and as a result has feuds between them, may be responsible for the recent scandals. Firms can benefit from Conflict-Profiteering in the short term, to the extent that business margins are increased as a result but the reputation losses can cause serious damage, as demonstrated by repeated "accidents," and contribute to poor market valuations among the most exposed financial services firms with conflict-profiteering.....

Keywords: Conflicts, Exploitation, framework, financial services, Interests.

[1]. Walter, Ingo; Roy Smith (2006). Governing the Modern Corporation. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-517167-5.
[2]. Brand, L. and R. Bahar. 1999. "Ratings Performance 1998." Standard and Poor's.
[3]. Conflict of Interest and Its Significance in Science and Medicine. Proceedings of an International Conference. Warsaw, Poland, 5-6 April2002. Sci Eng Ethics 2002; 8(3): 261-474
[4]. American Association of Universities Task Force on Research Accountability. (2001). Report on Individual and Institutional Financial
[5]. Conflict of Interest. Retrieved 2003 Apr 6, 2003 from http://www.aau.edu

Abstract: Business incubator is an institutional unit that helps innovators to develop their ideas and leading projects that can be transformed from an idea of business to produce and market. The concept of incubators appears to be integrated system of different mechanisms of support for the small and medium enterprises chosen to be affiliate to the incubator. The sources of finance vary by the type of incubator whether under sponsorship of governmental authorities or not for profit organizations or for profit organizations.....

[1]. Nabil Mohamed Shalaby, Proposed Model of technical incubator in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, paper submitted to the symposium on "facts and problems of small and medium enterprises and the means of development and support of them", Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Riyadh, 2-3/08/1423, corresponding to 8-9/10/2002, p. 4
[2]. study of Ramadan El Senousy and Abdelsalam Al Dwiby, Business Incubators and Small Enterprises, Benghazi, Libya, Dar Al Kotob Al Watania, 2002
[3]. Economic strategies and policies suitable for the revival and development of small industries: applied study in Cairo, 12th annual conference: management of investment crisis under the global economic blocks, Faculty of Commerce, Ain Shams University.
[4]. Dr. Mohamed Bou Zayyan, Technology of Incubations in the Arab World, Paper submitted to the International Forum on Human Development and Opportunities of Integration in Knowledge Economy, Faculty of Law and Economic Rights, Telmsan University, Algeria, March 2004.
[5]. Scientific parks and technology zones, Riyadh (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia), King Abdelaziz University, Nahwa Al Maarefa Series, Scientific Research Department, 2005

Abstract: All businesses, large and small, have some way of keeping track of their finances. Businesses are constantly looking for more ways to keep expenses low. One factor that is often overlooked, however, is the cost of employee turnover. The biggest challenge faced by Indian IT Industry is not attracting the prospective employee but retaining the talent as high turnover is back to a serious concern. . In India over the past few years, the ITES sector has been growing in leaps and bounds.....

Keywords:Employee turnover, Retaining, Organization, Compensation.

[1]. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986).The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, & statistical considerations. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 51:1173-1182.
[2]. Campion, M. A., (1991). Meaning & measurement of turnover: Comparison of alternative measures and recommendations for research.
[3]. ACAS. (2010). Managing attendance and employee turnover. Advisory booklet. London: ACAS. Available at: http://www.acas.org.uk/index.aspx?articleid=1183 |
[4]. Babaita, C., Sipos, G., A., Nagy, A. (2011). Leadership style and culture for innovation in hotel industry, 5th WSEASInternational Conference on Economy and Management Transformation, Timisoara. |
[5]. Beam, J. (2009, November 12). What is Employee Turnover? Retrieved
November 13, 2009, from WiseGEEK: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-employee-turnover.htm |Catherine M Gustafson (2002). Staff turnover: Retention.

Abstract: Employee engagement is the burning topic for any company during the globalized era. Engaged employees incline to contribute more of organizational productivity. It also supports in maintaining a higher level of commitment. Employee Engagement is the level of employee's commitment and participation towards their organization and its values. The organizational success depends on employee's productivity which is accelerated through employee's commitment towards his organisation......

Keywords: Employees, engagement, performance, satisfaction, relationships. 10Cs.

[1]. S.Ramadoss and D.Sengupta, "Employee Engagement", Bizmantra Publication, 2011.
[2]. Rodd Wagner, "The End of Employee Engagement", Forbes.com, 2015.
[3]. Available at "www.forbes.com/sites/roddwagner/2015/05/11/the- end-of-employee-engagement/2/".
[4]. Raida Abu Bakar, "Understanding factors influencing Employee Engagement: A study of the financial sector in Malaysia", 2013.
[5]. Available at: "researchbank.rmit.edu.au.eserv/rmit:16047/Abu_Bakar.pdf".

Abstract: Pharmaceutical firms all over the globe have aggressively embarked on research and development of new medicines whose ultimate aim is to eradicate well known chronic diseases, and relieve humans' suffering. Parallel to the aforementioned process, firms are seeking to support their human capitalwho is the driver ofinnovation, taking into consideration factors like employees' satisfaction, working conditions, organizational support, respect, and continuous development, which, among other factors, are considered determinants of behavioral intention that propels employees working at the pharmaceutical companies to stay......

Keywords: HR, employees, retention, pharmaceutical companies, Lebanon

[1]. International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations, IFPMA, Pharma 2015 by numbers. Online.
[2]. http://www.ifpma.org/fileadmin/content/Publication/2015/IFPMA_2015_Pharma_by_Numbers.pdf. Accessed November 15, 2015.
[3]. International Federation of Pharmaceutical. Manufacturers & Associations, IFPMA, The Pharmaceutical Industry and Global Health: Facts and Figures 2012. Online. http://www.ifpma.org/fileadmin/content/Publication/2013/IFPMA_-_Facts_And_Figures_2012_LowResSinglePage.pdf. Accessed December 14, 2015.

[4]. The Investment Development Authority of Lebanon (IDAL),Pharmaceutical Industry Fact Book, 2014. Online.

[5]. https://investinlebanon.gov.lb/Content/uploads/SideBlock/131216041907386~Pharmaceutical%20industry%20fact%20book.pdf. Accessed December 30, 2015.

Abstract: The Study Investigated The Relationship Between Perceived Leadership Style, Organizational Justice And Work Alienation. Two Hundred And Forty-One Staff Of The University Of Nigeria, Nsukka Southeastern Nigeria Participated In The Study. Their Ages Ranged From 25years To 58years, With A Mean Age Of 41.5 Years. Work Alienation Scale, Multi-Factor Leadership Questionnaire And Organizational Justice Scale Were Used For Data Collection. Results Of The Hierarchical Multiple Regression Analysis Revealed That Transformational Leadership Style Negatively Predicted Work Alienation And Contributed 2% Variance In Work Alienation.......

Keywords: Perceived Leadership Style, Organizational Justice, Work Alienation And Nigerian University

[1]. Adams, J.S. (1965). Inequity In Social Exchange. In L. Berkowitz (Ed), Advances In Experimental Psychology, 2, 267-299. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
[2]. Alder, G. S., & Ambrose, M. L. (2005). Towards Understanding Fairness Judgments Associated With Computer Performance Monitoring: An Integration Of The Feedback, Justice, And Monitoringresearch. Human Resource Management Review. 15, (1), 43-67.
[3]. Ambrose, M. L., Seabright, M. A., & Schminke, M. (2002). Sabotage In The Workplace: The Role Of Organizational Injustice. Organizational Behavior And Human Decision Processes, 89, 947-965.
[4]. Armstrong-Stassen, M. (2006). Determinants Of How Managers Cope With Organizational Downsizing. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 55(1), 1-26.
[5]. Avolio, B. J., & Bass, B. M. (1997). The Full Range Leadership Development Manual For The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Redwood City: Mind Garden Inc.

Abstract: Research studies have it that public policy analysis is a specialised field that has traditionally tended to favour the study of the policy making process by concentrating on the participants and their interests; compromise through bargaining and negotiation; expertise in policy – making and the role of analysis. However, the observation is made that public policy making and its ramifications, notwithstanding the traditional emphasis, are not the only significant aspects of the public policy process but also the way policy is implemented. This constitutes therefore the subject of this article.

Keywords: public policy analysis, policy, policy making, specialised field, policy implementation.

[1]. P. Chanie and P. B. Mihyo (ed): Thirty years of public sector reforms in Africa: selected country experiences: Organisation for Social Science Research in Eastern and 2013, Southern Africa [OSSREA], Fountain Publishers: Kampala, 2013
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[3]. J.J.N. Cloete: Introduction to Public Administration: Pretoria: J.L. van Schaik, 1986.
[4]. G.C. Edwards and I. Shakansky: The Policy Predicament: Making and Implementing Public Policy: San Francisco: W.H. Freeman and Company, 1978.
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Abstract: The study sought to unravel how companies which used to produce soft drinks and other ready- to-drink beverages were affected by the innovations in maheu formulations. This research paper aimed at analyzing and reviewing how product innovations shaped the beverages sector and whether this might be perceived as disruptive innovations. The study used the interpretivism paradigm with the research being mainly qualitative. A purposeful sample of 5 managers from the beverage manufacturing companies and 3 managers from the major beverage retailers was taken.......

Keywords: Product, disruptive innovation, paradigm innovations, traditional formulations

[1]. Adair, J. (2007). How to organize team creativity and harvest ideas In J Adair, Leadership For Innovation. Kogan Page. London and Philadelphia.
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Abstract: The aimed of this study is to develop a conceptual framework for lean organization which constructed by considering a various levels of the organization operations and multiple performance indicators for improvement the organization performance. Identifying the relevant concepts with organization framework was developed from survey of literature.The proposed framework for lean organization consists of two sections. one section is the enabling factors includes three parts, the first part the dimensions of the lean organization such as operations......

Keywords: Lean Organization, Framework, lean system and Continuous process Improvement

[1]. Al-Ali; A.S.M, and K. Abdallah, (2015), "The framework of integrated just-in-time (JIT) approach: conceptual study", International Journal of Core Engineering & Management (IJCEM), 2, 9.
[2]. Alireza, A., Ismail, Y., and S. Mohammad, (2011), "A study on total quality management and lean manufacturing: Through lean thinking approach", World Applied Sciences Journal, 12, 9, 1585-1596, Iran.
[3]. Anita, S., Jon, T., David, B., and S. Mogammed, (2013), "Develop a formwork of performance measurement and improvement system for lean manufacturing activity", International Journal of Lean Thinking, 4, 1, 51-64, (June), UK.
[4]. Bhasin, S., and P. Burcher, (2005), "Lean viewed as philosophy", Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 17,.1, 56-72, UK.
[5]. Cua, K.O, K. E. McKone, and R. G. Schroeder, (2001), "Relationships between implementation of TQM, JIT, and TPM and manufacturing performance", Journal of Operations Management.19, 1, 675-694.