IOSR-JBM   Volume-18 ~ Issue-7 ~ July-2016

Abstract: Lack of empirical evidence regarding the relative efficacy of relational norms on mitigating opportunism particularly against smallholding vegetable farmers represents a significant gap in the literature. Therefore, this paper attempts to fill this gap studying the effects of relational norms on mitigating opportunism against smallholding vegetable farmers in Sri Lanka. Survey data collected from 100 smallholder vegetable farmers in Welimada Agrarian Development Division in Sri Lanka was used for empirical testing. Data was
analyzed using Partial Least Square - Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM)...........

Keywords:Sri Lanka, Opportunism, Relational Norms, Smallholding Vegetable Farmers

[1]. O. E. Williamson, The Economic Institutions of Capitalism: Firms, Markets and Relational contracting, (Free Press, New York,
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[2]. J. E. Hobbs, A transaction cost approach to supply chain management, Supply Chain Management, 1( 2), 1996, 15 - 27.
[3]. O. E. Williamson, Transaction costs economics: the governance of contractual relations, Journal of Law and Economics,
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Abstract: Small businesses often face a variety of problems related to their size. A frequent cause of bankruptcy is undercapitalization. This is often a result of poor planning rather than economic conditions. MSMEs in India face a number of problems – absence of adequate and timely banking finance, non – availability of suitable technology, ineffective marketing due to limited resources, non availability of skilled manpower and Raw Material which leads to production problem.Presently, the Indian MSMEs are facing different types of problems...........

Keywords: Micro, Small, Medium Enterprises, Problems, Factor Analysis.

[1]. Sathru Sangara Velsancy R. (4th Oct. 2012), "The Problems & Prospects of Small Scale Industries in Pudukkollai district – A critical Study, pg. 4, Chapter I, thesis submitted to Bharathair University.
[2]. Annual Report-2013-14, Chapter II, Growth and Performance of MSME Sector, pg. 14.
[3]. Entrepreneur Memorandum (Part-II), Data on MSME Sector, 2007-08 to 2013-14, Development Commissioner (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises), Section I, pg. 1
[4]. M. Laxmi Narasaiah, Development of Small Scale Industries , published by Discovery publishing House New Delhi, pg. no. 1-15.
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Abstract: The aims of the research were to identify the concept of servicescape, determines factors for customer interest to comes to restaurant and construct the models of culture-based servicescape in Bale Raos restaurant. Survey was done through questionnaire distribution to 565 customer of Bale Raos. Data was analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using AMOS 18 program. Research shows that restaurant has applied servicescape concept which is consist of ambient, design/layout, staff behavior, staff images, culture and product. From servicescape which are represented by six factors, it is calculated that ambient contributes to the loyalty about 0.708. For design, increase of per servicescape unit lead to the increase of restaurant...........

Keywords: Servicescape, customers loyalty, ethnic restaurant

[1]. Veal, Anthony James. Leisure and tourism policy and planning, (Cabi Publishing, 2002).
[2]. Sugiyarto, G., A. Blake, and M.T. Sinclair. Tourism and globalization: economic impact in Indonesia. Annals of Tourism Research 30(3), 2003, 683-701.
[3]. Baiquni, M. Geografi Perdesaan sebuah Antologi: Ketahanan Pangan di Desa Kritis Pada Masa Krisis, (IdeAs Media Yogyakarta, 2008)

Abstract: The aims of the research are to analyze the competitiveness of some tourism destinations in Jakarta city, and to determine the different aspects related to tourist perception and also to identify whether social and economical aspects of tourists contribute to their perceptions. This research describes the social phenomena and causal relationship among social and economical variables, namely level of education, jobs status, and level of income to the tourism destination competitiveness. Field data were collected through questionnaires which are distributed to the 300 respondents. Data were analyzed descriptively using Kruskal-Wallis statistical test...........

Keywords: Tourism destination, tourism perception, destination competitiveness

[1]. Mihalič, T. Environmental management of a tourist destination: A factor of tourism competitiveness. Tourism management 21(1), 2000, 65-78.
[2]. Barbosa, L.G.M. Measuring destination competitiveness: The Brazilian model. International Conference on Measuring Tou rism Economic Contribution at Sub-National levels. 29-31 October 2008, Malaga, Spain. (2008
[3]. Cracolici, M.F. , Peter N. and Piet R. Assessment of tourism competitiveness by analysing destination efficiency. Tourism Economics 14(2), 2008, 325-342.
[4]. Damanik, J., and Weber, H.F., Perencanaan Ekowisata: Dari Teori ke Aplikasi. (Penerbit Andi, Yogyakarta, 2006)
[5]. Walgito, B., Pengantar Psikologi Umum (Penerbit Andi, Yogyakarta, 2005).

Abstract: This paper examinessome issues and challenges in the Nigerian banking industry before and after the recapitalization and consolidation reform program. It notes that emphasis on mere capital formation by the banks without corresponding commitment from management toward greater strategic development of human capital is considered insufficient to help the industry gain sustainable advantage and accomplish its desired objectives. The study posits thatthe in the post consolidation periodthe banking sectorwill be more viable in supportingthe growth and development needs of the economy as well as theirobjectiveswhen human resource.........

[1]. Ahiauzu, A., & Asawo, S. P. (2012). Impact of Clear and Compelling Vision on Workers‟ Commitment in Nigerian Organizations: An Examination of Workplace Spirituality. Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics, 9(6), 113–124.
[2]. Akhtar, N., Azeem, S. M., & Mustafa Mir, G. (2014). Impact of hrm practices on perceived organizational performance.International Journal of Academic Research, 6(5), 112–124.
[3]. Alagaraja, M. (2013). Human Resource Development Review. Human Resource Development Review.
[4]. Ali, I., Rehman, K., & Ali, S. (2010). Corporate social responsibility influences, employee commitment and organizational performance. African Journal of …, 4(12), 2796–2801. doi:10.1007/s10551-010-0492-3
[5]. Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63, 1–18.

Abstract: The performance of the retailing sector for the past few years is outstanding and witnesses a huge revamping exercise, significantly contributed by the growth of the organized retailing. Rapid urbanization, exposure to large number of foreign brands and changing lifestyle and preferences has contributed to the growth of retailing in India. This study on customer perception on retailing services aims to identify the dimensions in which the services provided by the organized retail outlets to the customers and also it revels the dimensional measure and the perception of the customers. Further this study explores the factors that derive the perception of the customers on services in organized retail.

Keywords: Customer Perception, Retail Services, Organized Retailing

[1]. Bajaj, C., Tuli, R., Srivastava. (2011) Retail management, 4th edition, oxford: Oxford university press.
[2]. Gopinath. R, "a study on men‟s perceptions on buying decisions for branded shirts", Journal of Marketing Education, March 1995
[3]. Namita Rajput, Subodh Kesharwani Akanksha Khanna,"Analysis of Customer Preference in Organized Retail stores", International Journal of Marketing Studies Vol. 4, No. 2; April 2012.
[4]. Gewal, D., Levy, M., Lehmamn, R. (2009) Retail branding and customer loyalty: An overview. Journal of retailing. Vol 80.
[5]. Saunders, M. , Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A. (2011) Research methods for business students. 2nd edition, London, pitman publishing.

Abstract: The limited competence owned by business people traditionally thought to be one the causes of the low capacity of local products to compete in the global market. Porter (1985) stated that the Sustainable Competitive Advantage (SCA) is a strategy to build customers' confidence to the company in the long term. SCA has the characteristics of difficult to imitate and takes place in a relatively long time. Some of the results of previous studies have shown that components of sustainable competitive advantage are different. This study aims to describe and analyze the competitive strategy of traditional food products of soybean chips in Malang, East Java..........

Keywords: SCA, SMEs of Traditional Food

[1]. M.E. Porter.Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. New York, Free Press.1985.
[2]. M.B. Miles, A.M. Huberman and J. Saldana. Qualitative Data Analysis. A Methods Sourcebook. Third edition. Sage Publication. 2014.
[3]. T.L. Wheelen, J.D. Hunger. Strategic Management and Business Policy. Toward Global Sustainability. Thirteenth Edition. Prentice Hall. Pearson Education Inc. 2012.
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Abstract: Culture plays a pivotal role in consumption pattern of individual or institutions and depending on underlying cultural philosophies, the consumption pattern of consumers fluctuates. Culture has very strong influence on founding many brands. Successful brands have been able to adopt their branding strategies in line with this dominant cultural philosophy and integrating their brands into the specific cultural fiber. In Indian scenario, the alluring face of the Indian business landscape has highly sensitive and demanding customers.........

Keywords: Culture, Branding, Consumer and Products.

[1]. Burton, D. (2009) Cross-cultural marketing. New York: Routledge.
[2]. Churchill, G. A. 1979. A paradigm for developing better measures of marketing constructs. Journal of Marketing Research 16 (1): 64–73.
[3]. Fournier, S. M. 1998. Consumers and their brands: Developing relationship theory in consumer research. J. Consumer Res. 24(March) 343-373.
[4]. Hofstede, G. 1980. Culture's consequences: International differences in work related values. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
[5]. Keller, K. L. 2004. Strategic brand management—Building, measuring, and managing brand equity. New Delhi, India: Pearson Education

Abstract: This paper examined the issue of fit between equity funds and medium sized enterprises in Namibia. The study used data from 71 medium sized enterprises and 18 equity funds. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the difference between minimum and maximum capital investments required by enterprises and the corresponing amounts offered by equity funds.........

Keywords: Equity finance, growth capital, Medium size enterprises, Namibia

[1] Ministry of Trade and Industry (1997) Namibia: Policy and Programe on Small Business Development. Windhoek: Government of the Republic of Namibia.

[2] Nashidengo, D. (2007). Namibia's SME Business-Plan Programme: A Critical Analysis. Stellenbosch: University of Stellenbosch.

[3] Zaaruka, B., Uanguta, E. & Kadhikwa, G. (2005). Private Equity: Lesson for Namibia. Windhoek: Bank if Namibia

[4] Enclude. (2014). Namibia Risk Finance Strategy Phases 1 & 2: Final Report. Washington DC: Enclude

[5] IPPR. (2009). Namibia Business Investment Climate Survey 2009. Windhoek: IPPR

Abstract: The objective of this paper is to examine Mudharabah and Musharakah from the accounting perspective by refereeing to AAOIFI, IFRS and MFRS. As well as reviewing all annual reports of Islamic banks in Malaysia in terms of the use of Mudharabah and Musharakah also from accounting perspective. In order to achieve this objective, interview has been conducted, related papers has been reviewed, and annual reports of all Islamic in Malaysia has been reviewed as well.In this research found that.........

Keywords: Mudharabah, Musharakah, AAOIFI, IFRS, MFRS

[1]. Abushareah.M.A.R, Naim, A.M,(2015).The practice of Musharakah Mutanaqiash in Islamic Financial Institutions. International Journal of education and social science .vol.2.no.3

[2]. Muhannad A. Atmeh Abdul Hadi Ramadan,(2012),"A critique on accounting for the Mudarabah contract",Journal of Islamic accounting and Business research ,Vol.3 Iss1 PP 7-19

[3]. Shaikh.S.A(2011),"A critical Analysis of Mudarabah and a New approach to equity financing in Islamic finance", Journal of Islamic banking & finance ,ISSN 1814-18042

[4]. Norma Md saad and Dzuljastri Abdul Razzak (2013), "Towards and application of Musharakah Mutanaqish principle in Islamic Microfinance"

[5]. Annual reports of all the 16 banks in Malaysia in 2014

Abstract: Purpose: The current paper analyses the effect of role models on the development of entrepreneurial intention among graduate students in Tunisia. Design/methodology/approach: During the academic year 2015-2016, a questionnaire survey was distributed to a sample of 180 final-year students enrolled in business administration, management, entrepreneurship, accounting, and marketing programs in three higher institutions in Sfax-Tunisia. This tool was adopted to capture students' responses regarding their perception about the effect of role models on developing their entrepreneurial intentions..........

Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial intentions, graduate students, entrepreneurship education

[1]. Acs, Z., Braunerhjelm, P., Audretsch, D., and Carlsson, B. (2009). The Knowledge Spillover Theory of Entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 32(1), 15-30.
[2]. Altinay, L., Madanoglu, M., Daniele, R. and Lashley, C. (2012) "The influence of family tradition and psychological traits on entrepreneurial intention‟, International Journal of Hospitality Management, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp.489–499.
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Abstract: This study examined whether SHRM is applied in Azerbaijan. To investigate this study qualitative method of data collection was used to generate the data required to achieve the objectives of the study. Interviews were conducted with Heads of resourcing, Training & Development, Employee Relations at two oil companies. The findings show that SHRM is applied at these companies. Foreign-based company, BP AGT is more experienced in SHRM. However, SOCAR considers the importance of SHRM and differentiates it from administrative HRM or Personnel Management.........

Keywords: Strategic Human Resource Management; Multinational Companies; Organizational Strategy

[1]. Armstrong, M (1992), Human Resources Management: Strategy and Action, Kogan Page
[2]. Aycan, Z, Kanungo, R.,N., Mendonca, M, Yu K, Duller J, Stahl G &kurshid A (2000) , Impact of culture on human resource management
Practices: A 10-country comparison. An International Review, 49(1),192-221
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Abstract: Housing is a basic human right as enshrined under the Social pillar in Kenya's Vision 2030.The attainment of this fundamental right is difficult to achieve despite as it requires a huge capital outlay which is out of reach for many ordinary people. To raise the needed funds borrowing remains one of the most appropriate options. Mortgage funds flow through a variety of channels. However, literature, reveals that influence of mortgage distribution channels on performance of real estate have received little attention yet they are the pathways through which funds for housing flows through. Moreover, the moderating role of government regulations on the relationship between mortgage distribution channels and performance of real estate remains blurred..........

Keywords:[Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), Performance of Real Estate (PRE), Mortgage Distribution Channels]

[1]. Doling, J., Vandenberg, P., & Tolentino, J. (2013). Housing and Housing Finance: A Review of the Links to Economic Development and
Poverty Reduction. ADB Economics Working Paper Series.
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[4]. Ndungu, N. (2010). A survey of Mortgage Financing by Commercial banks in Kenya. Unpublished PhD thesis of Jomo Kenyatta University
of Agriculture and Technology.
[5]. Sharma, N. K., & Dash, P. K. (2012). Effectiveness of ISO 27001 as an information security management system: An analytical study of
financial aspects. Far East Journal of Psychology and Business, 9(3), 42-55.