IOSR-JBM   Volume-18 ~ Issue-9 ~ September-2016

Abstract: This paper deals with the consumer Buying Behavior is known. The consumer selected to study is in Nagpur Regions. The Respondent both from Nagpur Rural & Urban Area including Jeweller's& final consumer's both.The research will show that why consumer buy gold, How they buy, When they buy most. their future, purpose about gold. The investment view of consumer also studied in research.We areknow about gold but not in detail. Some scientific and important introduction of gold as well as carat system also discussed.

[1] Dr. Michael V.P, Himalaya publishing,edition : 2008,Research methodology in management.
[2] Dr.Nirujain (Thesis),Consumer buying behavior with regard to branded & traditional jewellery with special reference to Jaipur jewellery market.
[3] A.senthilraghavan& Dr. N. nisarahamad, IJEIMS,vol-2,no-2,july-dec-2011, Passion for ornamental gold jewellery in india.
[4] National mining Association. 101 constitution Avenue, NW, Suite 500East,Washington, DC- 20001, History of gold.
[5] Biplas. S. Bose. Himalaya publishing House, Marketing Management.

Abstract: Globalization has affected micro, small and medium sized enterprises and their functional areas. Multiple research approaches have been conducted regarding this issue, however there is not a specific document to address it in Puerto Vallarta in order to improve and sustain the competitiveness of this sector. The purpose of this project is to analyze micro, small and medium sized enterprises competitiveness framework and portray how human resources are important to address change processes that are needed in the retail sector. The methodological strategy followed in this researchwas based on a deductive method, describing the competitiveness factors proposed by the Inter- American Development Bank, focusing in human resource as change factor in retail micro business in Puerto Vallarta

Keywords: Competitiveness, Microenterprise, Retail

[1] Banco interamericano de desarrollo. http://www.iadb.org/es/temas/competitividad-tecnologia-e-innovacion/competitividad-tecnologia-e-innovacion,1366.html.
[2] Benavides, Muñoz, and Parada. «Relación entre la competitividad de las empresas y las variables de Costos de Producción.» 2004.
[3] Cabrera, Martinez Alejandra, López Paula López, and Méndez Claudia Ramírez. La competitividad empresarial: Un marco conceptual para su estudio. Marzo de 2011. http://es.calameo.com/read/002822059026f4b299bf9 (accessed 28 de Junio de 2015).
[4] Domínguez, Aguirre L. «El perfil de la empresa en Puerto Vallarta.» Universidad de Guadalajara, 2010.
[5] Donoso, T. «La inserción socio-laboral: diagnostico de las variables relevntes.» 2000. http://www.ub.edu/gredi/wp-

Abstract: Predicting currency movements is perhaps one of the hardest exercises in economics as it has many variables affecting its market movement. The changes in the capital market bring transformation in the entire economy of the country. The boom and depression of the capital market are reflected in all sectors of the economy. The foreign exchange market and the stock market are vital for any well-defined financial system of a country. Stock price downward movement continuously in the market forewarns the crisis period in advance. This study analyses the dynamic relationship between stock market and exchange rate and explores the long-run..............

Keywords: Stock Market, Foreign Exchange, BSE SENSEX, NSE NIFTY, Correlation.

[1] Relationship between Stock Market and Foreign Exchange Market in India: An Empirical Study by Deepti Gulati and Monika Kakhani, Pacific Business Review International Volume 5
[2] Dynamic Relationship between Stock Prices and Exchange Rates: Evidence from Three South Asian Countries by Md. Lutfur Rahman and Jashim Uddin, International Business Research
[3] An analytical study on the movement of nifty index and exchange rate by K. Malarvizhi, Dr. M.Jaya, International Journal of Marketing and Technology
[4] Impact of Inflation and Exchange Rate on Stock Market Performance in India by Dr. ChandraMohan and N.Chitradevi, Indian journal of applied research
[5] Dynamics of Stock Returns and Exchange Rates: Evidence from India by Mohammad Tanzeem Raza and S. Aravanan, Asia Pacific Journal of Applied Finance

Abstract: Positive reinforcement is a motivational technique meant to elicit and to strengthen new behaviors by adding rewards and incentives instead of eliminating benefits. When used correctly, positive reinforcement can be very effective. This could go a long way to increase employee motivation and improve the public image of the organization. However, positive reinforcement has not yet been investigated as a employee motivator in the context of the nascent county governments in Kenya. As such the extent to which it is applied to influence employee motivation remains largely unknown..............

Keywords: Positive Reinforcement, Employee Motivation, County Government

[1] Battaglio, D. & Condrey, E. (2009). Reforming public management: Analyzing the impact of public Service reform on organizational and managerial trust. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 19: 689-707.
[2] Catania, A. (2001), "Positive Psychology and Positive Reinforcement," American Psychologist, 56(1), 86-87.
[3] Gohari, P. Ahmadloo, A. Boroujeni, B. & Hosseinipour, J. (2013) "The Relationship between Rewards and Employee Performance," Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 5(3): 543-570.
[4] Hall, P. S. (2013), "A New Definition of Punishment," Reclaiming Children and Youth, 21(4) 22-26.
[5] Hassan, S., (2009). The role of psychological climate on public sector employees' affective commitment: An empirical assessment for three occupational groups. International Public Management Journal Jibowo, A.(2007). Effect of Motivators and hygiene factors on job performance among extension workers in the former Western state of Nigeria. The quarterly journal of Administration. 4 (3):19-20

Abstract: This study aimed to find a model consisting of a set of financial ratios in which each ratio has its own weight that indicate its importance in discriminating between distressed and non-distressed firms in both Algeria and Jordan. The early prediction of industrial firm's distress warns the concerned parties that they can intervene and take corrective actions before the collapses of institution. To achieve this, twenty seven ratios were calculated for 1 to up 3 years before actual distress for a sample of thirty eight Jordanian industrial firms, half of which had failed and twenty four Algerian enterprises (eight bankrupt enterprises and sixteen non-bankrupt enterprises).................

Keywords: Prediction, Distress, Financial ratios, Industrial firms, enterprises, Algeria, Jordan, Partial least Square Logistic regression.

[1] Al-Khatib, Hazem and Al-horani, Alaa, "Predicting Financial Distress Of Public Companies Listed In Amman Stock Exchange", European Scientific Journal, Vol.8, No.15, pp 1-17, 2012.
[2] Altman, Edward I., "Financial Ratios Discriminant Analysis and the Prediction of Corporate Bankruptcy", Journal of Finance, Vol.23, No.4, pp 589-609, 1968.
[3] Beaver, William, "Financial Ratios as Prediction of Failure", Journal of Accounting Research, pp71-111, 1966. [4] El-Omari, Ahmed Yahya, "The use of financial ratios to predict in the field of hotel industry in Jordan", unpublished master thesis, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan, 2000.
[5] Lakshan, Ishara and Wijekoon, Nisansala, (2013), "The Use of Financial Ratios in Predicting Corporate Failure in Sri Lanka", GTSF journal on business review (GRB), vol.2, No.4, pp 37-43.

Abstract: The Prophet Muhammad is the most important person of the Islamic culture as an individual, honest and ethical. Islamic culture in the prophet's leadership has built up the mentality of trade, entrepreneurship and industry. Thanks to honest entrepreneurs; It is predicted that social transformation and economic empowerment is possible. Entrepreneurial culture, by the society to which they belong develop unique characteristics of entrepreneurs. This study was carried out based on the literature. In the study of Islamic marketing approach, the perception of an entrepreneurial culture should be discussed.............

Keywords: Islamic Marketing, Entrepreneurship, Culture

[1] Akşit M.C., (2011), İslamda Ticaret Prensipleri, Gümüşev Yayıncılık, İstanbul.
[2] Alserhan B.A., (2011), The Principles of Islamıc Marketing, Gower Publishing Ltd, England,
http://www.amazon.com/dp/056608922X?, 13.04.2016, Copyrighted Material.
[3] Altunışık vd., (2016), Pazarlama İlkeleri ve Yönetimi, Beta Basım, Yayın No:3382, 2.Baskı, İstanbul.
[4] Arı E., (2015), "Sosyal Sorumluluk Sahibi Tüketim ve Etik: Türkiye Örneği", Güncel Yaklaşımlar Işığında Etik, Editörler: R. Atabay ve N.Ö. İyigün, Beta Yayınları, İstanbul, 237-255.
[5] Arslan K., (2014), "İslâm Ülkeleri Arasında İşbirliğine Giden Yolda Yeni Arayışlar", Uluslar arası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, Cilt 10, Sayı 21, 179-198.

Abstract: Make in India- a program designed and initiated by the government of India to promote India as a global manufacturing destination, facilitate investment, foster innovation, and build best-in-class manufacturing infrastructure. This 'Make in India' campaign covering 25 sectors, including the textiles and garments, is going to become a land mark for Indian Textiles Industry. Handloom being a major sub-sector of Indian Textiles Industry plays a pivotal role in Indian economy, providing direct employment to over 65 lakh persons engage in weaving and allied activities. With almost one fourth of the total textile production and contributing substantially to the export earnings..............

Keywords: Make in India, Indian Handloom sector, textile, weavers, innovation, marketing strategies

[1] Hank Yarn Notification. (http://handlooms.nic.in/hl_hyp_notofocation.htm).
[2] Jain, R. and Goswami, R. (2014). Strategy for Sustainable Development of Handloom Industry. Global Journal of Finance and Management, 6(2), 93-98.
[3] Kundu, M. (2014). Cotton Handloom Industry Problems and Prospects of Development (A Case Study of Alipurduar Block-II. Indian Journal of Research, 3(1), 82-85.
[4] Mahapatro P. C., "Economics of Cotton Handloom Industry in India, Ashish Publishing House, New Delhi, 1996.
[5] Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Govt. of India

Abstract: Human resource accounting (HRA) is the process of identifying, measuring and communicating data regarding human resources to the interested parties for pertinent decision making. Human resource is very vital component to run an organization efficiently and effectively and hence it is imperative to include all the transactions relating to human resources under conventional accounting practices, though there exist a constant debate among the academicians, accountants and standard setters as how to derive appropriate way out to recognize..............

Keywords: Human Resource Accounting, Human Capital, Human Resource Valuation Models, HRA Implementation Challenges, Intellectual Capital.

[1]. American Accounting Association, 1980, Terms and Concepts in Accounts, (New York).
[2]. Herbert, Hicks & Ray, Gullet (1987). Management. Singapore: McGraw Hill. Pp 551-555.
[3]. Chen Hai Ming & Lin Ku Jun, (2004). The Role of Human Capital Cost in Accounting, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 5 (1), 116-130.
[4]. Batra G. S., (1996), "Human resource auditing as a tool of human resource valuation interface and emerging practices", Managerial Auditing Journal, 11(8), 23-30.
[5]. Verma Shraddha & Dewe Philip, (2004), "Measuring the Value of Human Resources", Accounting and Business, 46-48.

Abstract: The apparel industry is one of the biggest economic sectors in the world. It is one of the most important sources of income for many parts of the world economy. It plays a pivotal role in developing a countries economy in terms of revenue generation and creation of employment. The apparel industry is one of the powerful sources of industrial employment, providing jobs for millions of people. The industry is undergoing a drastic change due to global sourcing and high level of price competition. Consumer behavior and disposable income increases when favorable demographic factors changes..............

Keywords: Apparel Industry, Global Apparel Industry, Production Process, Tech Pack, Technical Details

[1]. Curtin, R. T. (1982). Indicators of consumer behavior: The University of Michigan surveys of consumers. Public Opinion Quarterly, 46(3), 340-352.
[2]. De Mooij, M. (2013). Global marketing and advertising: Understanding cultural paradoxes. Sage Publications.
[3]. Gandhi, A., & Sharma, S. (2013). An Analysis of Responsible Factors for Merchandiser's Performance and Role in Apparel Industry. Metamorphosis: A Journal of Management Research, 12(1), 30-46.
[4]. Gereffi, G., & Memedovic, O. (2003). The global apparel value chain: What prospects for upgrading by developing countries (pp. 1-40). Vienna: United Nations Industrial Development Organization.
[5]. He, L. (2011). A Study of the Shifting Patterns of Global Sourcing in the US Textile and Apparel Industry (Doctoral dissertation, Washington State University).

Abstract: The paper examines the effect of audit sampling in the quality of auditor's report in Nigeria. The essence of providing an audit report is to make an investigation into the truth and fairness of accounts records, vouchers and financial statements examined by an auditor by the expression of an opinion. This opinion can be a qualified or an unqualified one. The paper concludes that audit sampling is a systematic approach applied by auditors is the process of fashioning out ways to provide reliable and accurate opinions based on the volume of accounting records, vouchers and financial statements made available for verification..............

Keywords: Auditing Sampling, Non-scientific Sampling, Scientific Sampling. Qualified Auditors Report, Unqualified Auditors Report

[1]. Aguolu, O. (2002). Fundamentals of Auditing.(Second Edition). Enugu: Meridian Associates
[2]. Alexander, D. (1998) "True and fair: The European Perspective", Accountancy, Vol. 121, No 1258, London, June (Web Database).
[3]. Baridam, D. M. (2001). Research Methods in Administrative Sciences (3rd edition), Port Harcourt, Nigeria: Sherbrooke Associates.
Castillo, J. J. (2009). Non-probability sampling. Accessed on: http://explorable.com/non -probability-sampling. Retrieved on: November 4, 2013.
[4]. Dana, S.D. (2001). Statistics and Data Analysis for Behavioral Science. New York: McGraw Hill
[5]. Houghton, M. (2007) "Audit Report Harmonization". Accountancy, Vol. 156., No. 5, pp 29-32.

Abstract: National culture or the culture of social groups has a significant impact on attitudes and behaviors of people in organizations. Each person, at the time of becoming a member of an organization, brings in a massive amount of life experience, own system of values, a set of norms and moral principles, and also shaped perceptions and stereotypes about others. These factors undoubtedly affect the functioning of an organization. Different cultural background may, on the one hand, become the source of problems in human-to-human interaction..............

Keywords: Communication, communication problems, cultural barriers , culture in an organization

[1]. M. Rozkwitalska: Bariery w zarządzaniu międzykulturowym. Wolters Kluwer Polska, Warsaw 2011, p. 59.
[2]. R. Wolniak: Wymiary kulturowe polskich organizacji a doskonalenie zarządzanie jakością. Ce-DeWu, Warsaw 2012, p. 89.
[3]. D. Latusek: Rola kultury organizacyjnej w zarządzaniu wiedzą. Wydawnictwa Akademickie i Profesjonalne, Warsaw 2008, p. 170.
[4]. M. Rozkwitalska: Bariery w zarządzaniu międzykulturowym. Wolters Kluwer Polska, Warsaw 2011, p. 59.
[5]. P. Cardona, C. Ray: Management by missions, Palgrave Macmillan, New York 2008, p.39

Abstract: PERSIT is the biggest support for accompanying husbands' duty for their responsibility as coutry's guard that most of them are unemployed housewives who do not make money by themselves. Whereas, they are potentially capable of doing that since they have much sparetime to do positive activities in order to avoide PERSIT boredom in accompanying their husbands. An appropriate activity is entrepreneurship activity that can increase the economics of family. In PERSIT organization, there is economic division that in fact it has not been realized well because of the entrepreneurship competence and business skill of PERSIT women that have not been developed...............

Keywords: Model, Entrepreneurship, Blended Entrepreneurship, Kartika Candra Kirana

[1]. Fauconnier, G. & Turner, M. 1996. Blending as a CentralProcess of Grammar. In Goldberg A. (ed.). ConceptualStructure, Discourse, and Language.Stanford: CSLI Publications, 113-129.
[2]. _______________________. 1998. Conceptual integrationnetworks. Cognitive science. 22, 2, 133-187.
[3]. _______________________. 2000. Compression andglobal insight. Cognitive linguistics. 11, 3/4, 283-304.
[4]. ______________________. 2002. The Way We Think.Conceptual Blending and the Mind's Hidden Complexities.N. Y.: Basic Books.
[5]. _______________________.2008. The Origin of Language as a Product of the Evolution of Modern Cognition.In Laks B. (ed.).

Abstract: The concepts of strategic concurrent environment oriented management are applied in Strategic management accounting. The interest in the strategic aspects of accountability is enhanced by the increasing the role of some issues related to the strategy development of the company. This article is aimed at revealing the strategic aspects of the target calculation leading to improving performance, processes and internal environment of the companies.

Keywords: Target costing, strategic management accounting, strategic management, accounting information

[1] M. Pavlova, The activity of universities in a competitive environment and the role of management accounting, University Publishing House "St. St. Cyril and Methodius", Veliko Turnovo, 2012
[2] S. Anstri, A template for implementing Target costing. Cost Management, Sep/Oct 2006, 20, 5, ABI/INFORM Global, pp. 20-27
[3] R. Cooper, R. Slagmulder, Target Costing and Value Engineering. Productivity Press, Portland OR, 1997 [4] S. Anstri, Target Costing: The Next Frontier in Strategic Cost Management. Irwin Professional Pub, 1997
[5] R. Cooper, R. Slagmulder, Develop Profitable new product with target costing. Sloan Management Review, Vol. 40, N. 4, 1999 , pp. 23-33

Abstract: The financial sustainability of an organization is a measure of the organization's ability to meet its financial obligations. This study sought to establish the determinants of financial sustainability of NGOs in Nakuru County, Kenya. The study targeted 168 program managers, grants managers and accountants in 56 registered NGOs operating in Nakuru County. A sample size of 96 respondents was selected through stratified random sampling. Data was collected using questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics (means and standard deviations) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis) with the..........

Keywords: NGOs, Nakuru County, Financial sustainability, Internal Control Systems, Resource Mobilization Capacity, Sustainability

[1] Ashoka, J. & Mango, K. (2015). An Assessment of NGO's Institutional Performance; South-Western Publishing.
[2] Barney, K. (1995). Financial Planning for Not-for-profit Organizations, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
[3] Berger, A. N. (2006). Capital structure and firm performance: a new approach to testing agency theory and an application to the banking industry, Journal of Banking and Finance, 2(3), 504-515.
[4] Besley, S. & Brigham, E. F. (2009). Essentials of Managerial Finance. USA: South-Western Publishing Co.
[5] Booth, P. (2009). Accounting and Accountants in Voluntary Organization. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
[6] Brinkerhoff, G., & Goldsmith, K. (2010). Non-governmental Organizations-Performance and Accountability. Beyond the Magic Bullet, Earthscan Publications, London.

Abstract: The study used Structural Equation Modeling partial least squares (SEM-PLS)to investigate the influence of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Firm Performance of Kenya's Agro Processing SMEs. The study was undertaken on Agro Processing SMEs registered with Kenya Association of Manufacturers operating with Nairobi and its environs. The questionnaires were self-administered on owner/managers of agro processing SMEs. Entrepreneurial Orientation was conceptualized and analyzed as a latent second-order construct comprised of innovativeness, proactiveness and risk taking

Keywords: Entrepreneurial Orientation, Firm Performance, Agro Processing, Small and Medium Enterprises, Kenya.

[1]. Aggarwal, N.,& Gupta, M. (2006). Market performance measures: Current status in Indian companies. Decision, 33(1), 47−74.
[2]. Al-Swidi, A. K.,& Al-Hosam, A (2012). The effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the organizational performance: A study on the Islamic banks in Yemen using the partial least squares approach. Arabian Journal of Business & Management Review (Oman Chapter), 2(1), 73-84.

[3]. Awang, A., Ahmad, Z, A., Asghar, A.R., Subari, K.A.,& Kassim, S. A. (2011). Firm entrepreneurial orientation and knowledge/networking of agro based enterprises in Malaysia: The role of technology and strategy. African Journal of Business Management, 5 (22), 9685-9706.
[4]. Bordens, K. S.,& Abbott, B. B. (2014). Research design and methods: A process approach (9th ed.). San Francisco: McGraw Hill.
[5]. Byrne, B. M. (2001). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, & programming. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.

Abstract: The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) is the regulatory agency responsible for ensuring quality of air, land, and water resources. Historically, ADEQ has experienced difficulty in managing environmental professional services. To potentially address the issues, ADEQ tested a new approach to managing their projects, the Best Value Project Management Model (BV PMM), which focuses on using logic and natural laws instead of technical information and experience to improve project performance. This paper presents a case study on ADEQ's implementation of the BV PMM on their indefinite delivery indefinite quantity...................

Keywords: Best Value Project Management Model, ADEQ, Best Value PIPS, traditional

[1]. AFP. (2014). Panama Canal claims $737 million in cost overruns -. Retrieved September 11, 2015, from http://www.ticotimes.net/2014/12/26/panama-canal-claims-737-million-in-cost-overruns
[2]. Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) (2015). About ADEQ. Retrieved from: http://www.azdeq.gov/function/about/index.html
[3]. Bo-Jie, F., Bing-Fang, W., Yi-He, L., Zhi-Hong, X., Jing-Hua, C., Dong, N., &… Yue-Min, Z. (2010). Three Gorges Project: Efforts and challenges of the environment. Progress in Physical Geography, 34(6), 741-754.
[4]. Buntaine, M. T., & Parks, B. C. (2013). When Do Environmentally Focused Assistance Projects Achieve their Objectives? Evidence from World Bank Post-Project Evaluations. Global Environmental Politics, 13(2), 65-88.
[5]. Deming, EW. (1982). Out of the Crisis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge

Abstract: The construction industry has had difficulty in delivering projects efficiently, in a timely manner and within budget. Approximately 2.5% of all global projects are delivered on time and on budget. Over the past 24 years, research has been conducted at Arizona State University to identify the source of project inefficiencies. As a result of 1800+ tests, researchers have concluded that a primary cause in low project performance (time, cost and customer satisfaction) is the traditional owner-vendor relationship in which the owner uses a design, bid and build (DBB) approach. The industry has come up with other approaches such as design-build (DB) and construction management @ risk (CMAR) in hopes of decreasing the delivery time and lowering the project cost............

Keywords: Job Order Contracting, construction industry, delivery methods, design-build, CMAR

[1]. Adrian, J., 2001, Improving Construction Productivity, Construction Productivity Newsletter, 12(6)
[2]. Associated General Contractors of America, 2004, Project delivery systems for construction, Arlington, VA: Associated General Contractors of America
[3]. Chikuni, A. & Hendrik P., 2012, The Impact of Procurement Systems on the Outcome of Public Projects, Presented at RICS COBRA 2012, Las Vegas, NV
[4]. Gransberg, D., Koch, J., & Molenaar, K., 2006, Preparing for design-build projects: a primer for owners, engineers, and contractors, Reston, VA: ASCE Press
[5]. Hoover C. S. 1994, Job-Order Construction Quantification - An Application of Fuzzy Thinking. Master's Thesis, Arizona Sate University. Tempe, Arizona

Abstract: This study examined the influence of globalization on automobile sector of Nigeria (1990-2015). The study identified obsolete technology, negative effect of trade openness,inadequate manufacturing infrastructure, low capacity utilization and industrial production as the problems facing Nigeria automobile sector. In view of the above problems, the study sought toexamine the extent of relationship between Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) and manufacturing output of automobile industry, to ascertain the value added by Information and Communication Technology (ICT) penetration on employment in the automobile industry and to determine the influence of trade openness on capacity utilization in the automobile industry............

Keywords: Capacity Utilization,FDI,Globalization, ICT, Manufacturing Output,Real Sector, Trade Openness, WTO.

[1] Abdoulaye, S. (2011) International Technology to diffusion and economic growth: explaining the spillover benefits to developing countries structural change and Economic Dynamics 1-28.
[2] Abubakar, D (2001) Globalisation, Social Sciences and Nigeria in the 21st century.The Nigeria social scientist, 4, 1.
[3] Adams, R (2004). Economic Growth, Inequality and Poverty Estimating the growth Elasticity of poverty World Development, 32, 1989 – 2014.
[4] Adelegan, J. (2000). "Foreign Direct Investment and economic growth in Nigeria: a seemingly unrelated model". African Review of Money, Finance and Banking, Supplementary issue of savings and Development 2000, Mileanpp.5-25.
[5] Adenikinju, A (2006). Productivity, Market Structure and Trade Liberalization in Nigeria Economic Development Department, Nigerian Institute of and economic Research (AERC). Research consortium: Nairobi, 2002 Nov.

Abstract: The chemicals and agricultural pesticides are being increasingly used in food productions. The both human health and the environment were negatively affected from their excessive and uncontrolled usage. This situation has become a source of worry for consumers especially for those who have children, older people, pregnant women and health problems in their family. Accordingly, there is an increase of the consumption of organic products globally. In this regards, it is necessary to know expectations and the profile of the consumers, in order to meet the supply and demand. It is aimed to determine the profile of organic consumers who are living in Şanlıurfa province of Turkey by this research............

Keywords: Organic products, Consumers' profile, Consumption frequency, GAP-Şanlıurfa, Turkey

[1] Anonymous, World populations. 2016a. http://web.archive.org/web/20151111023001/ http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/ (Accessed at: August, 24, 2016).
[2] Anonymous, Wikipedia, World populations. 2016b. https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunya_nufusu (Accessed at: August, 24, 2016).
[3] Anonymous, Dünya nüfusu. 2016c. http://www.sabah.com.tr/gundem/2015/10/02/dunya-nufusunun-yarisi-5-ulkede-yasiyor# (Accessed at: August, 24, 2016). (In Turkish).
[4] D. Demirag, Küresel Isyana Dogru mu? Birikim Dergisi, 229, 2008. http://www.birikimdergisi.com/ birikim-yazi/6125/kuresel-isyana-dogru-mu#.V71v4yiLTIU (Accessed at: August, 24, 2016). (In Turkish).
[5] J. Traister, Bad Effects of Chemicals in Our Food, 2016. http://www.livestrong.com/article/497730 -bad-effects-of-chemicals-in-our-food/ (Accessed at: August, 24, 2016).

Abstract: The main objective of the study was to assess and establish the challenges which are faced by the small and medium enterprises that hinder their performance and limit their growth. The study was relied upon Small to Medium Enterprises (SMEs) which are operating at Gazaland Market. Primary data were obtained mainly from semi-structure questionnaires. Observations, verbal interviews and face to face interviews were however also used to complement the data that was obtained from the use of questionnaire.............

Keywords: Challenges, Growth,Hinder, Performance, SMEs

[1]. Bayaga A. 2010. Institutional risk management; analysis of factors associated with the extent of monitoring and reporting of Risk. http://www.krepublishers.coml: Date of access 13 February 2015.
[2]. Cant M. 2012. Challenges Faced By SME's In South Africa: Are Marketing Skills Needed? http://www.cluteinstitute.com/ : Date of access 13 February 2015.
[3]. Chazuza T, et al. 2011. An analysis of the impact of targeted government support on SMEs growth and development in Zimbabwe. Journal of Research in International Business Management, 2(2): 51-59 February.
[4]. Chidoko C et al (2011) Impact of the informal sector on the current Zimbabwean economic environment. International Journal of Economic and Research. Available at www.ijeronlne.com. Accessed 13 April 2015
[5]. Chirisa I et al. 2012. Innovative, Adaptive and Survivalist Strategies by Small Business Enterprises in Zimbabwe (1990 – 2009): Implications for Policy and Planning. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. (2) 5 June.

Abstract: Emotional labor, the process of regulating both, feelings and expressions for organizational goals, is commonplace in the hospitality industry. Past research has constantly provided empirical evidence that emotional labor can have positive consequences on organizational success but negative impact on employees' well-being. Within the context of the Indian service industry, this paper discusses the concept and consequences, of emotional labor and how important it is for organizations to acknowledge their workers' emotional contribution to the organizational performance............

Keywords: Emotional Labour, Hospitality Industry, Human Resource practice.

[1] Bakker B. Arnold, Demerouti Evangelia & Schaufeli B. Wilmar (2003). Dual processes at work in a Call centre: An Application of the job demands – resources model. European Journal of Work & Organizational Psychology, 12(4), 393–417.
[2] Biron Caroline, Brun Jean-Pierre & Ivers Hans (2008). Extent and sources of occupational stress in university staff. Work, 30, 511-522.
[3] Brannan J. Matthew (2005). Once more with feeling: Ethnographic reflections on the mediation of tension in a small team of call centre workers. Gender, Work & Organization, 12(5), 420 – 439.
[4] Brief, A.P. and Weiss, H.M. (2002). Organizational behaviour: Affect in the workplace. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 279-307.
[5] Bulan, H.F., Erickson, R. and Wharton, A.S. (1997) Doing for others on the job: the effective requirements of service work, gender and emotional well-being, Social Problems, 44(2), pp.235–57.

Abstract: BRAC has made notable contributions in many sectors of human development since 1972.To meet the Millennium Development Goals) and Sustainable development Goals, BRAC has been implementing a Water, Sanitation and Hygiene programme with different donor supports which reached out to more than 66.4 million people in Bangladesh. This case study describes how BRAC WASH programme adopted different approaches to generate economic opportunities for the local sanitation entrepreneurs. Finding shows that in the beginning however, there were not enough entrepreneurs at right place with the right products. This created a challenge to meet the demand that the programme was stimulating............

Keywords:Environmental Sustainability, Sanitation demand and supply, Social Entrepreneurship Development, Social Business, Supply Chain, Value Chain.

[1]. Kabir, B., Kanti B., Rezaul K., Bodiuzzman,Rahman,M,. &Mia,H.A..Contributions of Village WASH committee in breaking the cycle of unhygienic behaviours in rural Bangladesh. .South Asian Hygiene Practitioners workshop, Dhaka, Bangladesh.www.irc.nl. 2010, 1-5.
[2]. Akther, N., Kazi Faisal Bin Seraj, Syed Masud Ahmed, MA QuaiyumSarker, Ananta Z.Neelim, Tanveer M. Kamal and Tawhidul Islam. WASH Programme of BRAC:Towards Attaining the MDG,Targets: Baseline Findings, BRAC Research and Evaluation Division (RED).www.bracresearch.org. (2008), 34-55.
[3]. A Guide to the Development of on-site sanitation. World Health Organization, www.who.int /water_ sanitation_ health/.../onsitesan.pdf.1992. 1992, 17-34, 246.
[4]. Erick Baetings and Ingeborg Krukkert. Sanitation Demand and Supply in Rural Bangladesh. Rapid assessment to identify supply chain constraints. A briefing paper of BRAC WASH II programme in Bangladesh.www.ircwash.org, 2014, 3-11.
[5]. Devine J.andKullmann, C, .Introductory Guide to Sanitation marketing, WSP Scaling Up Rural SanitationWAS World Bank. . 2011: 18.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to improve students' understanding of Management Information System (MIS) course by using paper airplanes and the talking stick methods for students of class H academic year 2015/2016.This study used classroom action research approach. The subjects were students who attended the MIS course Class H Department of Management major trade system in State University of Malang with a total of 28 students consists of 22 female students and 6 male students. The data used in this action research were quantitative and qualitative data. The data used in this study were students and a lecturer in MIS class H. Data collected by using interviews, direct observations, testing, and documentations...........

Keywords: Paper Airplane, Talking Stick, Understanding, Management Information System.

[1] Akhiriyah, D. Y. (2011). Penerapan model pembelajaran snowball throwing untukmeningkatkankualitaspembelajaran IPS padasiswakelas v sdnkalibantengkidul 01 kotasemarang (aplicating snowball throwing model for improving the social intructional at fifth, sdnkalibantengki. Kreatif, 1(2). Basic Education Journal Volume 1, Nomor 2
[2] Arikunto, dkk. 2014. PenelitianTindakanKelas. Jakarta: PT BumiAksara.
[3] Ariyanti, R., Santoso, S., &Muchsini, B. (2014). Peningkatanpemahamanmateriakuntansidenganmetode talking stick dan snowball throwing di kelas xi ips 2 sma xxx tahunajaran 2013/2014.Journal of Economy Education, Vol 2, No 2, Page 73 s/d 86.
[4] Arsyad, Azhar. 2007. Media Pembelajaran. Jakarta: PT Raja GrafindoPersada.
[5] Fazet, F., &Asto, I. G. P. (2013). Aplikasi Model PembelajaranCtlMenggunakanMetode Snowball Throwing DenganStandarKompetensiDasarTeknik Digital TerhadapHasilBelajarSiswa. Journal of Educational Engineering Students, 2(3).