IOSR-JBM   Volume-24 ~ Issue-5 ~ May 2022

Abstract: As India faces the gargantuan challenge of skilling more than half a billion people and make them work-ready, it is also grappling with the challenge of creating the right mechanism to accelerate the process. The primary role of NSDA has been to anchor and operationalize the National Skills Qualification Framework (NSQF) to ensure that quality and standards meet sector specific requirements. Skill development programs came into being shortly after the formation of the Republic of India in 1950, when the Apprentices Act of 1961 was formulated and implanted as law of the land. The NSQF also helped to draw a framework of correspondence or equivalence to the formal academic system of grades or classes, setting the stage for formal recognition of skill training through certification.....

Keywords: Skill Development, MES scheme, Skill Training, National Occupational Standards

[1]. Press Information Bureau, Government of India, notification dated 10-October-2018, 'Cabinet approves merger of National Council for Vocational Training, NCVT, and National Skill Development Agency, NSDA, to establish National Council for Vocational Education and Training';
[2]. Ministry of Labour and Employment (Erstwhile), Government of India, (2009) 'National Policy on Skill Development'
[3]. Written reply to the Rajya Sabha by Minister of State, MSDE, on 29 November 2019.
[4]. Press Information Bureau, Press Release 'Pradhan MantriKaushalVikasYojana', 29 November 2019
[5]. Economic Times, 'Government to Launch PMKVY III in next financial year: Skill Development Minister', 08 December 2019 [6]. FICCI- Konrad Adenauer-Stiftung, (2015) Skill Development in India.

Abstract: As a result of applying the decentralization and responsibility accounting, and the agency approach, certain subjects ; such as, transfer prices , cost allocation , expected and unexpected agents behavior and the like , became more important to be re-studied. The matter appeared to be more specific, especially, in cases of technology transfers, either in between branches or between large firms. Also, new advances in technology and production techniques which lead to suggest some advanced cost tools; i.e., ABC, TD-ABC, Benchmarking, Target Costing….. and the like, has necessitated the need for an acceptable model for transfer pricing. Transfer pricing is employed as a profit allocation method, having a direct impact on the revenues of the selling department and the costs of buying departments[33]........

Keywords Transfer prices, cost management, utility, search theory, agency theory

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[3]. Melumed, N D ., and Reichelstein,S., Centralization ,versus Delegation and the value of Communication, Journal of Accounting Research, Supplement, (1987 ) , pp.1-21 .
[4]. Ronen, J., and Balachandran , K. R ., An Approch to Transfer pricing Under Uncertainty, Journal ofAcounting Research vol . 26, No .2., Autumn , (1988) , pp.300-314 .
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Abstract: The constant growth of companies, both in size and in economic diversification, makes it difficult to control them. For this reason, internal audit has today become a corporate governance support function capable of acting in different areas such as business management, risk management, improvement of ethical practices, internal control and information technology.
Internal audit activities include not only traditional audit, internal controls and compliance, but also consulting activities in operational management, risk management and corporate governance. Internal audit has thus evolved from an administrative and accounting control aimed at ensuring the reliability of data towards an operational examination focused on the strategic........

Keywords Internal audit; governance; advice; impact; business

[1]. Allegrini, M., D'Onza, G., Paape, L., Melville, R., & Sarens, G. (2006). « The European literature review on internal auditing », Managerial Auditing Journal,Vol. 21, No. 8, pp. 845-853.
[2]. Anderson, U. (2003), « Assurance and Consulting Services », pp. 98-129, in Bailey, A.D., Gramling, A.A., Ramamoorti, S. (Editors), Research Opportunities in Internal Auditing, Altamonte Springs: The Institute of Internal Auditors Research Foundation.
[3]. Berle A.A & Means G. C, (1932), « the modern corporation and private property », 2e edition, 1956, Mac Milan.
[4]. Boeker, W. et Goodstein, J. (1993). « Performance et choix du successeur : les effets modérateurs de la gouvernance et de la propriété ». Journal de l'Académie de gestion, 36, 172-186. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/256517
[5]. Bostan, I. & Grosu, V. (2010), « The role of internal audit in optimization of corporate governance at the groups of companies », Theoretical and Applied Economics, Vol. XVII (2010), No. 2..

Abstract: The study examines the impact of stock market liquidity on economic growth in Nigeria by exploring the long-run relationship as well as the causal direction between them spanning from 1980 to 2020. The study proxy economic growth by real GDP per capital and stock market liquidity by turnover ratio and value traded ratio while non-oil revenue and gross fixed capital are incorporated as control variables. ARDL model techniques was employed to examine the impact of the variables in the model whilst Toda-Yamamoto was used to capture the direction of causality among the variables. The study found that though long run relationship does exist among the estimated variables, stock.......

Keywords: Economic growth, Stock market liquidity, ARDL, TY and Structural break

[1]. Ananwuude, A.C. & Osakwe. C.I (2017). Stock market development and economic growth in Nigeria: A Comaradarie Recconnaissance. Research Journal of Economics, 1(3), 1-6. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-56311-3
[2]. Baradaranian, M. R., & Peat, M. (2013). Liquidity and expected returns; evidence from 1926 to 2008. International Review of Financial of Financial Analysis. 29, 10-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2013.03.007.
[3]. Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN)(2020). Financial Market Department: Annual activity report. https://www.cbn.gov.ng>documents
[4]. Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN)(2020). Statistical Bulletin, Volume 31. https://www.cbn.org.ng.
[5]. Chang.Y.Y., Faff, R, & Hwang, C.Y. (2010). Liquidity and stock returns in Japan: New evidence. Pacific Basin Finance Journal, 18(9), 90-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacifin.2009.09.001.

Abstract: Marketing efforts and Quality Management will influence companies to meet competition in all level of marketing environment. Producing quality products with appropriate marketing efforts may lead to overall success of a company in retaining dominant market share of products in the market. The marketing efforts and Quality management are the independent variables and competitiveness is the dependent variable. This paper focuses to establish the relation between these variables and aims to correlate among the impact of marketing efforts. Quality management and competitiveness in Indian Paint Industry.

Keywords: Marketing, Quality Management, Competitiveness

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[3]. Chen. H. (2005) " A Competence-based Strategic management Model". Benchmarking. An International Journal, Vol 12, No 4, pg. 364-382.
[4]. Nair. M et al (2006), The effect of trade openness on manufacturing industry in Malaysia". International Journal of Management, Vol 23, pg. 878.
[5]. Tucker R.B (2001) "Innovation. The new core competency", published by MCB University press, California, Vol 4, pp 11. 14,

Abstract: Crisis is negative changes in human or environmental affairs, especially when they happen suddenly, with little warning. It comes in different forms including natural disasters,
pandemics, system crashes, power outages, sudden policy changes etc. It is not planned and as such mostly leads to instability and disruption of business operations of the affected
industries. There is also need to factor in crisis in national policies to help businesses absorb instability associated with disruptions brought by such eventualities. This study sought to
ascertain the influence of diversification on performance of bar & restaurants during crisis in Nairobi County.The population understudy was a total of 6,383 licensed bar & restaurant
businesses in Nairobi County. Theproject.

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