iosr-JDMS   Volume-13 ~ Issue-6 ~ June-2014

Abstract: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of anterior tongue is relatively common in India and forms a significant group of all head & neck malignancies. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma, melanoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma are other rare tumors found in the tongue. The purpose of this article is to report two cases of early SCC of anterior tongue which were managed with wide excision. The incidence, etiology, treatment and prognosis are discussed.
Key words: Squamous cell carcinoma, early, anterior tongue

[1]. Benjamin D.L. LI, G.E Ghali, Emercy A. Ninard. Cancer of the Anterior (Oral tongue).
[2]. A text book of surgical oncology.2006: 24-31.
[3]. Leipzig B, Chung CT, Johnson JT, Sagerman RH , Carcinoma of Anterior tongue.
[4]. Ann otol rhinol laryngol. 1982;(91):194-7.
[5]. H. Robert Freund, A Text book - Principles of head & neck surgery. 151-172.
[6]. Micheal J. Veness, Garsy J. Morgan, Yasoda Sathiyaseclan and Val Gebskt. Anterior tongue cancer and the incidence of cervical lymph node metastases with increasing tumor thickness: should elective treatment to the neck be standard practice in all patients. ANZ journal of surgery. 2005;75(3): 101-105.

Abstract: Objective: To compare the AIS and ISS scores according to pre-hospital care received among the subjects of trauma victims Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in a trauma centre of north Indian tertiary care hospital. The detailed history of the subjects was taken and AIS and ISS scores were calculated for each subject. The subjects who got accident with a vehicle and admitted in the centre were included in the study. The burned and subjects <12 years were excluded from the study. Results: A total of 869 subjects were included in the study and majority were males (81.5%). Most of the subjects received pre-hospital care (76.1%). The AIS was significantly (p=0.02) higher who received pre-hospital care (1.77±0.58) than those who did not know (1.50±1.00) among head & neck injured subjects. Similar observation was found among the subjects of face and extremities injured. The ISS was lower among those who did not receive pre-hospital care (5.71±2.64) compared with who received (6.18±2.61). The ISS was significantly (p=0.0001) different among the subjects who received pre-hospital care, did not received and unknown injuries. Conclusion: The pre-hospital care is an important factor for the survival of injured subjects. Specific strategy should be made to provide the pre-hospital care at the site of victims.
Key words: Pre-hospital care, trauma, strategy

[1]. Furnival RA, Schunk JE. ABCs of scoring systems for pediatric trauma. Pediatr Emerg Care 1999; 15:215–223.
[2]. Fani-Salek MH, Totten VY, Terezakis SA. Trauma scoring systems explained. Emerg Med 1999; 11:155–166.
[3]. Brenneman FD, Boulonger BR, McLellan BA, et al. Measuring injury severity: time for a change? J Trauma Injury, Infection and Critical Care, 1998; 44 (4): 580-584.
[4]. Sharma BR, Harish D, Singh G et al. Pattern of Head Injuries in Fatal Road Traffic Accidents. Bahrain Med. Bulletin. 2003; 25 (1): 22 - 25.
[5]. Sharma BR, Gautam CS, Singh R. Road Traffic Accidents Vis-à-vis Problems Related to Ageing. Hospital Today 2002; VII (10): 523- 528.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	GlioblastomaMultiforme of Optic Nerve in Adults with Hyper intense Diffuse Weighted Imaging
Country	:	India
Authors	:	KarthikAdiraju , PhaniHarshithaYarlagadda, Sohil Patel
	:	10.9790/0853-13630912

Abstract: We present a case of glioblastomamultiforme of the optic nerve with Hyper intense Diffusion Weighted Imaging(DWI) in a 56 year old man without Neurofibromatosis1 who presented with generalized tonic clonic seizures and loss of vision in right eye. Presence of hyperintenseDWI imaging of optic nerve makes this case unique.Further details about diagnostic methods available with major emphasis on Magnetic Resonance Imaging in adults is been done.
Keywords: GlioblastomaMultiforme,Gliomas,Imaging options of GBM,Optic Nerve Tumors,Optic nerve thickening.

[1]. Agamanoliz, D.P. (n.d.). Neuropathology. http://www.neuropathologyweb.org/ .
[2]. Auntminnie Case of the Day. (2008) Childhood Optic Nerve Glioma.
[3]. Carlson, A.H. (2007). Siemens Demonstrates Prototype MRI-PET System.
[4]. Gujar, S., Maheshwari, S., Bjorkman-Burtscher, I. &Sundgren, P. (2005) Magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Journal of Neuro-opthalmology, 25 (3), 217-226.
[5]. Hollander, M.D., Fitzpatrick, M., O'Connor, S.G., Flanders, A.E., Tartaglino, L.M. (1999). Optic Gliomas.Optic pathway glioma: correlation of imaging findings with the presence of neurofibromatosis. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 22 , 1963-1969

Abstract: Background: After cataract surgery many patients complain of foreign body sensation, irritation, redness, blurring of vision which are considered as unwanted effects of the surgery. Aim: To compare dry eye disease following SICS and Phacoemulsification . Material and methods: The present study is a prospective, randomized study conducted on sixty nine patients, from July 2009 to June 2011, attending Outpatient Department of Department of Ophthalmology in a municipal hospital of Delhi. Complete ocular surface examination was done which included questionnaire using OSDI score and slit lamp bio microscope examination, tear film break up time, corneal fluorescein staining, tear meniscus height, Schirmer test – I and Impression cytology. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 16. Results: All the dry eye tests conducted on the eyes undergoing cataract surgery showed deterioration following surgery. Both SICS and Phaco surgery caused significant decrease in TMH, TBUT and ST-I values at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months. Fluorescein staining, OSDI score and impression cytology also showed deterioration in the follow up period. Conclusion: Both SICS and Phaco surgery can cause or aggravate dry eye and affect the dry eye test values in the post operative period upto 3 months.

[1]. Srinivasan, R, Agarwal V, Suchismitha T, and Kavitha S. Dry eye after Phacoemulsification. AIOC Proceedings. 2008.
[2]. Cho YK, Man Soo Kim. Dry Eye After Cataract Surgery and Associated Intraoperative Risk Factors. Korean J Ophthalmol. 2009 June; 23(2): 65–73.
[3]. Li XM, Hu L, Hu J, and Wang W. Investigation of Dry Eye Disease and Analysis of the Pathogenic Factors in Patients after Cataract Surgery. Cornea. 2007; 26(Suppl. 1): S16-S20.
[4]. Ram J, Sharma A, Pandav SS, Gupta A, Bambery P. Cataract surgery in patients with dry eyes. J. Cataract Refract Surg. 1998 Aug; 24(8): 1119-24.

Abstract:Menstruation is generally considered as unclean in the Indian society. Isolation of the menstruating girls and restrictions being imposed on them in the family, have reinforced a negative attitude towards this phenomenon. There is a substantial lacuna in the knowledge about menstruation among adolescent girls. Although menstruation is a natural process, it is linked with several misconceptions and practices. Hygiene-related practices of women during menstruation are of considerable importance, as it has a health impact in terms of increased vulnerability to reproductive tract infections (RTI). Good hygienic practices such as the use of sanitary pads and adequate washing of the genital area are essential during menstruation. Menstrual hygiene and management will directly contribute to the Millennium Development Goal (MDG)-2 on universal education and MDG -3 on gender equality and women empowerment.
Key Words: Adolescent girls, menstrual hygiene, Millennium Development Goal

[1] Dhingra R, Kumar A. Knowledge and practices related to menstruation among tribal (Gujjar) adolescent girls. Etho-Med 2009; 3(1):43 48.
[2] Singh AJ. The place of menstruation in the reproductive lives of women of rural north India. Indian Journal of Community Medicine 2006; 31(1):10-14.
[3] Ten V TA. Menstrual Hygiene: A neglected condition for the achievementof the Millennium Development Goals. Europe External policy Advisors, 2007.
[4] Water Aid: Is Menstrual Hygiene and Management an issue for Adolescent Girls? Water Aid in South Asia Publication; 2009
[5} Singh, G. M. P., 1986, Onset of menarche in girls of Ludhiana. Indian Paedriatritian, 23: 263-265

Abstract: Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis (OMS) is a very common disease.Most of the cases present or referred to otorhinolaryngologists by General physicians and from other specialties.Many otorhinolaryngologists fail to find the exact etiology especially in the early cases having dental origin.Failure to detect this leads to failure of medical and surgical treatment by otorhinolaryngologist .Opinion from Dental Surgeon before treatment helps to find or rule out odontogenic pathology as its helps to decide type of medical and surgical intervention.This article reviews the common clinical features and the management protocols which will help the otolaryngologists ,Dental Surgeons & other Specialists to efficiently treat odontogenic Maxillary Sinusitis ,thereby preventing recurrence ,spread to other sinuses & complications.

Keywords: Odontogenic infection, sinusitis, maxillary sinus.

[1]. Itzhak Brook MD, MSc, The Laryngoscope, Volume 115, Issue 5, pages 823–825, May 2005.

[2]. Mehra P, Murad H, Maxillary sinus disease of odontogenic origin,Otolaryngolologic Clinics of North America,2004 Apr;37(2):34. [3]. Moutsopoulos NM, Madianos PN: Low-grade inflammation in chronic infectious diseases, paradigm of periodontal infections. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1088:251-264
[4]. Durr DG, Desrosiers MY. Chronic Sinusitis: An elusive diagnosis. Can J Diagnosis. 1998;15(12):75-81.
[5]. Abrahams JJ, Glassberg RM. Dental disease: Frequently unrecognized cause of maxillary sinus abnormalities. AJR 1996;166:1219-1223

Abstract: Objective: To compare the results of trochanteric fixation nailing (TFN) and cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty in unstable osteoporotic intertrochanteric neck femur fractures in elderly patients. Method: Thirty patients, 65 years or older with unstable osteoporotic intertrochanteric neck femur fractures were treated with either trochanteric fixation nailing or cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty. Results were evaluated by Harris Hip Score. Results: Average age of patients for TFN and hemiarthroplasty was 75.73 ± 6.57 years and 78.07 ± 6.16 years respectively. Average trauma surgery interval for TFN and hemiarthroplasty was 5.7 days and 6.56 days respectively. Average surgery time for TFN and hemiarthroplasty was 74.33 minutes and 86.33 minutes respectively. Average stay in the hospital for TFN and hemiarthroplasty group was 18.23 days and 18.77 days respectively. In TFN group fourteen fractures were A2.2 type and in hemiarthroplasty group thirteen fractures were A2.2 and rests were A2.3 in both groups. The average blood loss for TFN and hemiarthroplasty was 132.5 millilitres and 300 millilitres respectively. Full weight bearing was achieved in TFN and hemiarthroplasty group after 49.33 ± 5.47 days and 5.8 ± 1.45 days respectively. Functional results using Harris hip score at three months, six months, and one year are better in hemiarthroplasty group but almost similar at one and half year. Conclusion: Primary hemiarthroplasty provides a stable pain free mobile joint and is a better modality of treatment in osteoporotic elderly people who sustained unstable intertrochanteric fractures. It definitely reduces morbidity. However overall long term functional outcomes are almost similar for two groups.
Key Words: Fractures, intertrochanteric, hemiarthroplasty, internal fixation

[1]. Campbell's operative orthopedics; Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier; 2008.Vol 3; 11th edition: 3239-3256.
[2]. Grisso JA, Kelsey JI, Strom BL, and Chio GY. Risk factors for falls as a cause of hip fractures in women. New England journal of medicine. 1991;324:1326-1331.
[3]. Meislin RJ, Zuckerman JD, Kummer FJ, et al. A biomechanical evaluation of the gamma nail. J Bone Joint Surg.1998; 70-A:239.
[4]. Anchal Kumar. Femoral neck geometry and rationale of placement of the proximal femoral nail and its relation with fracture risk in the Indian population review of 120 cases. 2010: Gulmohar Hospital, Ranchi.
[5]. Sturt green. Bipolar prosthetic replacement for the management of unstable intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1987;224:169-177.

Abstract: Euphorbia hyssopifolia is a herbaceous plant found in Nigeria and is used as a purgative both in the eastern and northern parts of the country. Extracts of the leaves are used in the treatment of constipation or inducement of purging to control weight and/or shape. Despite its toxicity and clinical use, analyses of its proximate and mineral composition, as well as the phytochemical analysis revealed other possible applications of the plant. Proximate analysis showed high moisture content of 83.00%, crude fat 3.20%, ash content 3.80%, crude fiber 2.15%, protein 0.88% and carbohydrate content of 6.98%. Analysis of mineral composition revealed the presence of some minerals in mg/g such as calcium 0.042, sodium 0.002, potassium 0.002, magnesium 0.003, lead 1.890x10-3, iron 0.034x10-3, and manganese 0.133mg/g. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrate, vitamin A, reducing sugars, saponnins, glycosides and steroidal aglycone. The quantitative analysis showed that the leaves contained 281.25±3.84mg/100g of flavonoids, 402.18±10.38mg/100g of sugars, 216.67±8.57mg/100g of alkaloids, 182.60±6.27mg/100g of steroids, 3.96±0.51mg/Kg of saponnins, 30.71±2.32mg/Kg of tannins, 0.002±0.00mg/100g of cyanide and 0.4026±0.30% of proteins. These results showed that Euphorbia hyssopifolia is endowed with many active principles, minerals and organic matter that can be found useful in medicinal/therapeutic activities as well as possible application in nutrition and pharmacology.
Key words: Euphorbia hyssopifolia, proximate composition, phytochemicals, minerals elements

[1] Abo, K. A. (1994). Characterization of ingenol, an inflammatory diterpene from some Nigerian Euphorbia species. Afrrcan Journal of Medical Sciences.23: 161-163.
[2] O. A. C. (1980). Official methods of analysis (13th edition), Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington DC.
[3] Abo, K. A. (1994). Characterization of Ingenol: An inflammatory diterpene from some Nigerian Euphorbia and Eleaphorbia species. African Journal of Medical Science, 23: 161-163.
[4] Adedapo, A. A., Obatan, M. O. and Olorunsogo, O. O. (2004). Toxic effect of some plants in the genus Euphorbia on hematological and biochemical parameters of rats. Vetenary Archive. 74: 53-62.
[5] Apata, L. (1979). The practice of herbalism in Nigeria: in African medicinal plants, University of Ife press, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. 13-19.

Abstract: Geranium robertianum is one of the garden plants with leaves that are used by some indigenous people in Eastern Nigeria as a medicinal herb. In this study, the phytochemical analysis and vitamins content such as vitamins (A, B, C, D and E) analysis were carried out using standard analytical methods in order to determine their various levels as a prelude to its biochemical activity and possible applications. The mean concentration values of the phytochemicals in mg/100g were flavonoids 4.2660.10, tannin 3.671.5, saponin 1.430.06, alkaloid 1.2000.10, oxalate 1.0020.03 and phenol 0.030.02. The mean concentration values of vitamins: A, B1, B2, B3, C and E were 1.440.02, 288.170.12, 818. 210.07, 319.130.12, 14.765.1, 0.0160.02mg/100g respectively. The presence of vitamins and bioactive components are indicative of possible therapeutic and medicinal application.

[1] Agoha, R.C. (1974). Medicinal Plants of Nigeria. Offset Drakkerij.Faculfcitder Wiskunde in Naturwetenschappen, the Netherlands , 41 and 33.
[2] Aniszewki, T. (2007). Alkaloid secrets of life. Amsterdam press, Elsevier., 78-99.
[3] Bagchi, M., Mark., B., Xumei, Y., Sidney S. and Debasis B. (1999). Acute and chronic Stress-Induced Oxidative gastrointestinal injury to fats and the protective ability of a novel grape seed proanthocyanidin extract. Nutrition Research; 19 (8):
[4] Ball F.G. (2006). Riboflavin in vitamins in foods analysis: Bioavailability and stability Taylor and Francis group, USA. 168-173.
[5] Bate-Smith, S. (1992). Flavonoid compounds comparative Biochemistry III. New York academic press pg 75-89.
[6] Bocobza, S. and Aharoni, A. (2008). Switching the light on plant Phenols. Trends in Plant Science Journal 13 (10). 526-533.
[7] Boham, A. B. and Kocipai, A. C (1994) Flavonoid and condensed tannins from Leaves of Hawaiian vaccininum vaticulum and vicalycinium. Pacific Science, 48:458-463.

Abstract: Unchecked bacterial invasion of dentine leads to inflammatory pulp disease, root canal infection, and periapical disease. Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans play an important role in these outcomes. The aim of the study was to investigate the antibacterial properties of Syntac Classic, Optibond FL, XP Bond, Bond 1, NRC, Clearfil Protect Bond, Bond 1 SF and Solist against S. mutans and E. faecalis. Antibacterial properties were tested by means of diffusion method with 0.2% chlorhexidine being used for comparative purposes. It was found that bonding systems possess different degrees of antibacterial activity. Clearfil Protect Bond and Syntac Classic exhibited some antibacterial activity while Heliobond/Syntac Classic, Bond Clearfil Protect Bond and Adhesive Optibond FL did not. The antibacterial properties of a dentine bonding system depended on the pH value.
Key words: antibacterial agents, antimicrobial tests, dental adhesive

[1]. I.N. Rôças, J.F. Siqueira and K.R.N. Santos, Association of Enterococcus faecalis with different forms of periradicular diseases, Journal of Endodontics,30(5), 2004, 315–20.
[2]. B.P.F.A. Gomes, E.T. Pinheiro, C.R. Gade-Neto, E.L.R. Sousa, C.C.R. Ferraz, A.A. Zaia, F.B. Teixeira and F.J. Souza-Filho, Microbiological examination of infected dental root canals, Oral Microbiology and Immunology, 19(2), 2004, 71–76.
[3]. H.H. Hancock, A. Sigurdsson, M. Trope and J. Moiseiwitsch, Bacteria isolated after unsuccessful endodontic treatment in a North American population, Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics, 91(5), 2001, 579–586.
[4]. A. Molander, C. Reit, G. Dahlen and T. Kvist, Microbiological status of root-filled teeth with apical periodontitis, International Endodontic Journal, 31(1), 1998, 1–7.
[5]. J.F. SiqueiraandI. Rôças. Polymerase chain reaction-based analysis of microorganisms associated with failed endodontic treatment, Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics, 97(1), 2004, 85–94.

Abstract: Amniotic band syndrome is an uncommon pathological condition that can lead to intrauterine fetal demise .We report an unusual case of amniotic band presentation attached to fetal head in which umbilical cord got strangulated and resulted to fetal loss.
Key Words: amniotic band syndrome, umbilical cord, strangulation

[1]. Garza A, Cordero JF, Mulinare J. Epidemiology of the early amnion rupture spectrum of defects. Am J Dis Child1988; 142: 541–544
[2]. Peiro JL,Carreras E,Soldado F,Sanchez-Duran MA:Fetoscopic release of umbilical cord amniotic band in human fetus:Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol.2009 Feb;33:232-234.
[3]. Torpin R Amniochorionicmesoblastic fibrous rings and amniotic bands:associated constricting fetal malformations or fetal death.Am J ObstetGynecol1965;91:65-75.
[4]. Goldfarb CA, Sathienkijkanchai A, Robin NH. Amniotic Constriction Band: A Multidisciplinary Assessment of Etiology and Clinical Presentation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009; 91 Suppl 4: 68-75
[5]. Reles A, Friedmann W, Vogel M, Dudenhausen J:Intrauterine fetal death after strangulation of umbilical cord by amniotic band.Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd1991,51:1006-1008

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Corneal blindness accounts for about 6-8 millions of blind persons in the world with 90% of these persons living in developing countries. Corneal transplantation therefore offers the potential for sight restoration. However, it is hugely dependent on voluntary eye donation and attitude of medical professionals to eye donation is quite important because they are in close contact with the prospective donor and their relatives. They can therefore increase eye donation rates. AIM: This study was done to determine the knowledge and willingness to donate eyes in doctors in Delta State and factors influencing the willingness to donate. METHODS: This was a cross sectional study carried out among doctors in Delta State. Structured questionnaire was administered. RESULTS: Eighty two (75.9%) medical doctors were aware of eye donation after death. The mass media was the largest source of first information (51.7%). Sixty -two (57.4%) medical doctors correctly indicated that cornea is the part of the eye donated and fifty-seven (52.7%) knew that the donated eye is used for cornea transplant. Forty three (39.8%) correctly answered that the ideal time to collect the donated eye is within 6 hours. Only 36 respondents (33.3%) were willing to donate their eyes for transplant. The main reasons for unwillingness were poor knowledge of donation process to take a decision and family objection. CONCLUSION: Our study showed relatively low level of knowledge and willingness to donate eyes for corneal transplant.
Keywords: awareness, knowledge, eye donation, willingness, corneal transplant, Delta State

[1]. Whitcher JP, Srinivasan M, Upadhyay MP. Corneal blindness: a global perspective Bull. World Health Organization 2001; 79: 214-21.
[2]. Resnikoff S, Pascolini D, Etya'ale D, Kocur I, Pararajasegaram R, Pokharel GP, Mariotti SP. Global data on visual impairment in the year 2002.Bull World Health Organ. 2004 Nov; 82(11):844-51.
[3]. Oliva MS, Schottman T, Gulati M. Turning the tide of corneal blindness. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2012; 60(5)423-427
[4]. Abdull MM, Sivasubramaniam S, Murthy GV, Gilbert C, Abubakar T, Ezelum C, Rabiu MM; Nigeria National Blindness and Visual Impairment Study Group. Causes of blindness and visual impairment in Nigeria: the Nigeria national blindness and visual impairment survey. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009 Sep; 50(9):4114-20.
[5]. Yew Y-W, Saw S-M, Pan J C-H, Shen H-M, Lwin M, Yew M-S, Heng W-J. Knowledge and beliefs on corneal donation in Singapore adults. Br J Ophthalmol 2005; 89:835-840

Abstract: Ichthyosis uterus is an exceedingly rare condition in which the entire surface of the endometrium is replaced by stratified squamous epithelium. Originally described as an endometrial response to iatrogenically-introduced caustic substances, similar changes have since been described in association with a variety of inflammatory conditions of the endometrium. We describe here an undescribed example of a carcinoma insitu of the uterine cervix associated with extensive ichthyosis uteri-like changes of the entire endometrium. Additionally, the squamous epithelium of the latter also showed multifocal changes diagnostic of a low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. The potential genesis of this composite of findings is discussed, as is the neoplastic potential of ichthyosis uteri.
The possibility of significant cervical pathology should be considered when plaques of squamous epithelium with low grade dysplastic changes are identified in an endometrial biopsy or curettage.
Key words: Ichthyosis uteri, squamous metaplasia, Carcinoma cervix

[1]. Patton WT, Squares GV. Ichthyosis uteri: a case report.Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1962;84:858–860.
[2]. Marcus SL: Adenoacanthoma of the endometrium: a report of 24 cases and a review of squamous metaplasia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1961, 81:259-267.
[3]. Bewtra C, Xie QM, Hunter WJ, Jurgensen W: Ichthyosis uteri: a case report and review of the literature. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2005, 129:e124-125.
[4]. Kucukali T, Ertoy D, Ayhan A: Ichthyosis uteri associated with a uterine squamous papilloma. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol 1996,17:37-41.
[5]. Zschoch H, Ertel G: Ichthyosis uteri–squamous cell epithelial metaplasia of the endometrium. Zentralbl Allg Pathol 1987,133:355-360.