iosr-JDMS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-3 ~ March-2015

Abstract: The main objective of this article is to review the current developments in the field of dental implants and the elimination of periimplant inflammations and infections with the aid of dental lasers. The term laser is just an abbreviation of Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Lasers have been basically used in periodontal therapies like sub-gingival curettage and debridement, removing the granulation tissue while flap surgery is done, re-contouring of the osseous tissue and implant surgery. The maintenance of an implant is very important for efficient Osseo integration and a good prosthetic design. Any kind of bacterial inflammation and infection of the periimplant tissue calls for bone loss. Treatments like mechanical debridement, antibiotics and laser treatment have been recommended. Lasers play an important role in the dentist's office and in the maintenance of implants and to treat periimplantitis.

[1]. Beer, A., & Beer, F. (2002). Implant and Bone loss after herpetic infection of soft tissue around block transplant; A prosthetic solution after combined laser and chemotherapy. J oral laser Application , 249-253.
[2]. Catone, G., & Alling, C. (1997). Laser Applications in oral and maxillofacial surgery. WB Saunders company , 189-192.
[3]. Garg, A. (2007). Lasers in dental implantology: Innovation Improves patient care. Dental Implantology Update, 18 (8), 57-61.
[4]. Garg, H., & Garg, V. (2012). Peri Impantitis and lasers - A review. International Journal of Biological and Medical Research , 2302-2305.
[5]. Grade, S., Heuer, W., & Strempel, J. (2011). Structural Analysis of in situbiofilm Formation on oral titanium implants. J Den Implants , 7-11.
[6]. Khan, S., Sasaki, N., & Hirose, R. (2011). Detection of sub-gingival periodonto - pathogenic microorganisms aroun a one stage implant supported prosthesis. J Den Implants, 11 (1), 26-68.

Abstract: Objective: To study the importance of EEG and CT scan as a diagnostic aid for accurate diagnosis in various seizure disorders in children from Bhubaneswar,Orissa,India. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Urban teritiary care teaching hospital. Method: A total of 52 children with seizure disorder were included; 26 of them were having partial seizures, while the rest (26) were having generalised seizures. Those patients who were having known aetiological factors were excluded from the study. All the patients were subjected to a detailed clinical history and physical examination. An EEG and CT scan were also performed on every patient. Results: Abnormal EEG was found in 73% and 76.9% of patients with partial and generalised seizures respectively, while abnormal CT scan was found in 50% of patients with partial seizures and 34.6% of patients with generalised seizures. It was also observe d that with increasing abnormalities in EEG, the chance of finding some abnormality in CT increases.

Summary and conclusion: It is recommended that every case of idiopathic seizures must be evaluated with EEG as well as CT scan .

[1]. McGohan JP, Dubin AB, Hill RP. The evaluation of seizure disorders by computerised tomography. J. Neurosurg. 1979; 50: 328-32
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[3]. Kramer U, Nevo V, Meyer JJ, et al . Neuroimaging of children with partial seizures.
[4]. Seizure 1998; 7(2): 115-8.
[5]. Washimkar SN, Holay MP, Fusey SM. Evaluation of focal seizures by computerized tomography. JAPI 1996, 44: 959-60.

Abstract: Back ground: Absence of abduction or presence of restricted abduction movement of shoulder or presence of infection or space occupying mass in axilla creates difficulties or offers impossibilities to expose axilla for brachial plexus block at the same level. Aims: To introduce axillary block in the presence of axillary infection, mass and restricted movement of the shoulder through anterior fold of the axilla. Methods: Nerve stimulator needle was inserted perpendicularly along the medial side of humerus in supine position of the patient to elicit the distal response of individual muscle and injected 40 ml of local anesthetic solution by multi-injection technique at multiple sites (mid-arm, and wrist block). Results: Brachial plexus block at the level of the axilla through its anterior fold offered satisfactory area of analgesia with motor block for the surgeries on the elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand. Multi-injection technique with the help of nerve stimulator needle contributed 100% success rate. Conclusion: It is an appropriate alternative form of brachial plexus block at the level of the axilla in presence of restricted abduction movement of the shoulder, infection and mass in the axilla.

Keywords: anterior fold of the axilla, nerve stimulator needle, brachial plexus, regional anesthesia.

[1]. Hirschel, G "Die anästhesierung des plexus brachialis fuer die operationen an der oberen extremitat" [Anesthesia of the brachial plexus for operations on the upper extremity]. Munchener Medizinische Wochenschrift (in German)1911; 58: 1555–6.
[2]. Winnie AP. Infraclavicular brachial plexus block–a new approach. Guest discussion. Anesth Analg 1973; 52: 903–4.
[3]. Raj PP, Montgomery SJ, Nettles D, Jenkins MT. Infraclavicular brachial plexus block–a new approach. Anesth Analg 1973; 52: 897–903.
[4]. Rodriguez J, Barcena M, Rodriguez V, Aneiros F, Alvarez J. Infraclavicular brachial plexus block effects on respiratory function and extent of the block. Reg Anesth Pain Med 1998; 23: 564–8.

Abstract: Lung abscess is a rare but critical problem in childhood. It is suppurative necrosis of lung parenchyma due to nonspecific bacterial infection. Children with a lung abscess have a significantly better prognosis than adults with the same condition1. We report a 17 month-old child with lung abscess which is probably one of the few cases reported in the literature in the modern antibiotic era. Keywords: Lung abscess, children.

[1]. Alsubie H, Fitzgerald DA. Lung abscess in children. Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 2009. p. 27–35
[2]. Tan tq, seilheimer dk. Pediatric lung abscess: clinical management and outcome. Pediatr infect dis j 1995;14:51-5
[3]. Oren Lakser Pulmonary Abscess.Nelson textbook of pediatrics. 2012. p. 1480-81.
[4]. Mishra R, Mishra T, Ratan K, Abrol P, Kadian Y. Right upper lobe lung abscess in an infant. Internet j surg 2009;20:1..
[5]. Patradoon-Ho P, Fitzgerald Da. Lung abscess in children. Paediatr respir rev 2007;8:77-84.

Abstract: Vulvar cancer is uncommon, representing about 4% of all malignancies of the female genital tract, and 0.6% of all cancers in women. Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for about 90% of all primary vulvar malignancies. It usually occurs in postmenopausal women, with a median age of 60 years. Vulvar lesions require early biopsy to avoid delay in diagnosis. Postoperative radiation decreases the risk of groin recurrence in patients, with multiple positive inguinofemoral lymph nodes. Here, we present a rare occurrence of clitoral carcinoma in a 30 yr old lady.

[1]. Williams'sGynecology,2nd Edition-S. John,S.Joseph,H.Barbara,B.Karen et al. Mc Graw Hill Companies,united states, chapter 32; 2012: 808-813
[2]. Berek and Novak's Gynecology,15th Edition- Jonathen S. Berek,2012;Wolters Kluwers;Philadelphia, Chapter 38 ; 2012: 1428-1444
[3]. D.C.Dutta Textbook of Gynecology, Hiralal Konar.6th edition,New Delhi,Chapter 23 ;(11)2013 : 333-337

[4]. Olbricht S, Noe JM. Cutaneous carcinomas. In: Georgiade GS, Riefkohl R, Barwick W, editors. Textbook of plastic, maxillofacial and reconstructive surgery. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Williams Wilkins; 1992. pp. 141–7.

[5]. Finan MA. Bartholin's gland carcinoma, malignant melanoma and other rare tumours of the vulva. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2003;17:609–33. [PubMed.

Abstract: Introduction: An extensive knowledge about the Thyroid gland is important to avoid iatrogenic injuries during neck surgeries. The identification and removal of the pyramidal lobe are also of great importance for successful postoperative radioactive iodine treatment in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. The unreliability of preoperative diagnostic methods like ultrasonographic or scintigraphic images for detection of the PL makes anatomical studies important in order to ensure a safer thyroid surgery. Aim: The aim of present study is to highlight the morphological variations and various developmental anomalies of the thyroid gland to form a cornerstone for safe and effective surgery. Material &Methods: This study was structured to investigate the gross anatomical features of the thyroid in 32 cadavers from SSSMC & RI and MGMC during routine dissection of the head & neck region.

[1]. Begum M. Gross and histomorphological study of human postmortem thyroid gland in Bangladeshi people (M.Phil.Thesis). Dhaka:University of Dhaka; 2004.
[2]. BergmanRA,Thompson SA,Afifi AK,Saadeh FA(1988),Compendium of human anatomic variation.p35,Baltimore:urban & schwarzenberg.
[3]. Berkovitz BKB,Moxham BJ(1988)A textbook of head& neck anatomy.p.119.Lndon:wolfe
[4]. Braun EM, Windisch G, Wolf G, Hausleitner L, Anderhuber F,The pyramidal lobe: clinical anatomy and its importance in thyroid surgery, Surg Radiol Anat, 2007, 29(1):21–27.
[5]. Blumberg NA. Observations on the pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland. S Afr Med J. 1981 June; 59(26): 949-50.

Abstract: Focal fatty replacement is a common degenerative lesion of pancreas while total fat replacement is extremely rare. We present a case of 49 years old male who presented with pain abdomen, was diagnosed as chronic pancreatitis with total pancreatic lipomatosis on CT scan. Serum amylase and serum lipase levels were normal. The case we present is unusual with paucity observed in world literature.

Keywords: Chronic pancreatitis, Total pancreatic Lipomatosis

[1]. Patel S, Bellon EM, Park CH.Fat replacement of the exocrine pancreas. AJR Am Roentgenol.1980;135:843-5 ( PubMed )
[2]. Poddar U, Thapa BR, Sinha SK, Bhasin DK. Massive steatorrhea in a child due to isolated pancreatic hypoplasia. Indian Pediatr 2001;38:1298–300
[3]. Kim KH, Kim CD, Ryu HS, et al. Endoscopic retrograde pancreatographic findings of pancreatic lipomatosis. J Korean Med Sci 1999;14:578–81
[4]. Walters MN. Adipose atrophy of pancreas. J Pathol Bacterial.1966;92:547-57 ( Pubmed )
[5]. Haunz EA, Baggenstoss AH. Carcinoma of head of pancreas.Arch Pathol.1950;49:367-86

Abstract: The aim of this study is to know the prevalence of Pulmonary Aspergillosis in chronic lung diseased patients, its age wise , area wise distribution and the predominant lung conditions affected. Prevalence was studied by Direct Microscopy by LCB , Fungal Culture on SDA and Serology by IHA. Material & Methods: 125 samples of sputum from patients suffering from chronic lung disease on 2 consecutive days was collected and tested with Direct Microscopy and Fungal Culture. Serum samples were collected from these patients and subjected to Indirect Haemagglutination for Aspergilollosis. Results: Out of 125 samples tested 28% were positive by Direct Microscopy ,37.6 % were Culture positive and 50 % were Serologically positive. The most predominant growth was Aspergillus flavus (20.8%] followed by Aspergillus niger [12 %] and Aspergillus fumigates [4.8%]. Conclusions: As Direct Microscopy fails to identify most of the cases ,culture always should be done in conjuction with Microscopy .Serology is an additIonal diagnostic tool to know the invasiveness of Aspergillus.

Keywords: Pulmonary Aspergillosis ,Pulmonary tuberculosis ,Sabourauds dextrose agar, Czapex dox agar, Indirect Heamagglutination..

[1]. Manual of clinical Microbiology, vol 2,8th edition by Patric R. Murray,1728-1739.
[2]. Text book of Medical Mycology by Emmons,3rd edition pages 285-304.
[3]. Text book of Medical Mycology by Jagadish Chander ,2nd edition,pages 272-283.
[4]. Text book of Practical MedicalMicrobiology by Mackie &Macartney ,14th edition,pages 710- 713.
[5]. SIHAM-workshop on techniques in Mycology.
[6]. Kilasova GA ,Petrova NA ,Parovich niko va EN ,Gotman CN, Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis ,Ter Arkh 2005,

Abstract:Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycaemia resulting from defects in insulin production, insulin action or both.
Type 2 Diabetes: results from insulin resistance, a condition in which cells fail to use insulin properly, sometimes combined with an absolute insulin deficiency. Diagnosis of diabetes is of importance to psychiatry for a number of reasons. Psychiatric disorders, particularly emotional disorders, are more prevalent in the diabetic population, whilst the development of depression in diabetic patients is associated with poorer glycaemic control, higher prevalence of multiple diabetic complications and greater functional impairment.

1]. Executive Summary: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2011 Diabetes Care January 2011 vol. 34 no. Supplement 1 S4-S10.
[2]. Willis T. Diabetes: a medical odyssey. New York: Tuckahoe;1971.
[3]. Lustman PJ, Griffith LS,Clouse RE, Cryer PE. Psychiatric illness in diabetes mellitus. Relationship to symptoms and glucose control. J NervMent Dis. 1986 Dec;174(12):736-42.
[4]. Marsha D Marcus, PHD, Rena R Wing, PHD, John Guare, MA, Elaine H Blair, PHD and Abbas Jawad, MS Lifetime Prevalence of Major Depression and Its Effect on Treatment Outcome in Obese Type II Diabetic Patients Diabetes Care February 1992;15:253-55.
[5]. Mark Peyrot, PHD and Richard R Rubin, PHD Levels and Risks of Depression and Anxiety Symptomatology Among Diabetic Adults Diabetes Care April 1997;20:585-90.
[6]. Gregory A. Nichols, PHD and Jonathan B. Brown, PHD, MPP Unadjusted and Adjusted Prevalence of Diagnosed Depression in Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes Care March 2003;26: 744-9.

Abstract: We present a 65 year old male, who developed giant Cholesteatoma with intracranial extension, multiple cranial nerve palsies, lateral sinus thrombosis with obliteration and post aural fistula. The Patient had foul smelling discharge from right ear since childhood. He complained of headache and LMN type of facial paralysis (right) since 6 months. Patient underwent Right Modified Radical Mastoidectomy few months back but the post aural wound didn't heal. As we saw and evaluated the patient - CT and MRI Imaging showed extensive cholesteatoma involving entire temporal bone, part of occipital bone, extending into zygomatic bone, medially encroaching jugular foramen, and postero-inferiorly up to C1 and C2 vertebra, extended intracranially into both middle and posterior cranial fossa. Using skull base surgical principles entire cholesteatoma excised, patient had uneventful follow up for 6 months. This case emphasizes the value of pre-operative radiological assessment; we present this case because of rarity of giant cholesteatoma.

[1]. Ferlito O, Devaney KO, Rinaldo A, Milroy C, Wenig B, Iurato S, McCabe BF. Clinicopathological consultation ear cholesteatoma versus cholesterol granuloma. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1997, 106:79-85.

[2]. Pereira CSB, Almeida CIR, Vianna MR. Imunoexpressão da citoqueratina 16 e do antígeno nuclear Ki-67 no colesteatoma adquirido da orelha média. Rev Bras de Otorrinolaringol. 2002, 68(4): 453-60.

[3]. Swartz JD. Colesteatomas of the middle ear. Diagnosis Etiology and Complications. Radiol Clin North Am. 1984, 22(1):15-34.

[4]. Sprekelsen BM, Ebmeyer J, Anonopoulos A, Sudhoff H. Alteraciones de la membrana basal en el colesteatoma de oído medio. Acta Otor Esp. 2001, 52(4):330-5.

[5]. Milewski C, Fedorowski A, Stan AC, Walter GF. Basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF) in the perimatrix of cholesteatoma. HNO. 1998(a), 46(9):804-8.

[6]. Jacob R, Welkoborsky HJ, Mann W. Epithelium-stroma interaction in cholesteatoma of the middle ear. Laryngorhinootologie. 2001, 80(1):11-7.

Abstract: We report the unusual case of a 85 year old woman presented with difficulty in swallowing food, sensation of mass in the throat since one year and cough with regurgitation of pink tubular mass from the mouth hung out of the mouth down to the chin since 15 days. On clinical examination the polyp was found arising from left side of hypopharynx. The polyp was excised per orally by laryngo microscopic technique using CO2 Laser. We report the case because of rarity of Hypo pharyngeal polyp.

[1]. Plachta A. Benign tumors of the esophagus. Review of literature and report of 99 cases. Am J Gastroenterol 1962; 38: 639-652 [PMID: 13943914].
[2]. Caceres M, Steeb G, Wilks SM, Garrett HE. Large pedunculated polyps originating in the esophagus and hypopharynx. Ann Thorac Surg 2006; 81: 393-396 [PMID: 16368421 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.05.106].
[3]. Moersch HJ, Harrington SW. Benign tumor of the esophagus. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1944; 53: 800-817.

[4]. Avezzano EA, Fleischer DE, Merida MA, Anderson DL. Giant fibrovascular polyps of the esophagus.Am J Gastroenterol. 1990; 85:299–302.

[5]. Jang GC, Clouse ME, Fleischner FG. Fibrovascular polyp: a benign intraluminal tumor of the esophagus.Radiology. 1969; 92:1196–1200.

[6]. Shamji F, Todd TR. Benign tumors. In: Pearson FG, Cooper JD, Deslauriers J, Ginsberg RJ, Hiebert CA, Patterson GA, Urschel HC Jr, editors. Esophageal Surgery. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone; 2002. pp. 637–654.

Abstract: Lead is a heavy metal widespread in the environment. This study was aimed at assessing the effects of lead acetate on the rat morphology, haematological parameters and microscopic appearance of the spleen. Forty male albino rats were randomly divided into four groups of 10 rats each. The low dose group were intubated 25mg/kg body weight of lead acetate, while the high dose and recovery groups received 50 mg/kg body weight of the lead acetate solution. The control animals were administered equivalent amount of distilled deionized water at not more than 1 ml. Intubation was by oral gavage and was conducted for 28 alternate days. The rats were sacrificed 24 hours after the last administration, except the recovery group that were left on normal feed and water for additional 14 days for the self-recovery study. Blood was drawn for determination of lead concentration and haematological analysis and the spleen was processed partly for estimation of lead deposition and partly for haematoxylin-eosin staining. Results showed that the animals had minimal mean body weight reduction but marked splenomegaly, with mean blood lead concentration of 0.10ppm. Haematological analysis showed significant (p˂0.00) reduction in packed cell volume (PCV) but minimal change in the haemoglobin levels. The total leucocyte counts (TLC) were raised significantly (p˂0.05) in the treated rats. Histopathological effects of lead were dose-dependent hyperplasia of the lymphoid follicles in the spleen which were reversed in the self-recovery group. In conclusion, lead acetate was observed to cause significant alterations in the PCV and TLC as well as splenomegaly in albino rats.

Keywords: Haematological parameters, Lead acetate, Spleen

[1]. ATSDR, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological Profile for Cadmium. Atlanta, Georgia. 1998. www.atsdr.cdc.gov/cxcx3.html. 8th March 2014.
[2]. Jianguo, L., Kunguan, L., Jiakuan, X. U., Zujian, Z., Taubin, M. A., Xiaolong, L., Jiachang, Y. and Qingsen, Z. Plant Sci. 2003, 165: 793-802.
[3]. Ani, M., Moshtaghie, A. A. and Akbarzadeh, S. The effect of lead on red blood cell sodium-lithium counter transport and induction of hypertension. Journal of Cell and Tissue Research 7(1), 2007, 981-985.
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[5]. Peuschel, S. M., James, G. L. and Anderson, A. C. Lead Poisoning in Childhood. Paul L. Books Publishing, 1996.
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Abstract: Background: As the surveys in different parts of India indicate that about 50-60 percent of women belong to low socio-economic groups are anaemic in pregnancy, having Iron & Folic acid deficiencies being the major etiological factors, it is necessary to study the efficacy of different therapeutic interventions of Iron to combat the above said problem. Objective: To known the efficacy of the IV Iron therapy over oral Iron therapy among the study subjects. Study design: It is a comparative Intervention study. Study Sample: 100 Anaemic Antenatal Patients. Study Area: Obstetric OP of Government General Hospital., Guntur.

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Abstract:Abstract: Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is a form of nosocomial pneumonia that occurs in patients receiving mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours. Our study aim to find out the incidence, recognise causative microbes and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern. The clinical profile and mortality were also studied in VAP patients.
Materials and Methods: All patients on mechanical ventilation admitted in intensive care units of Mahatma Gandhi hospital, Jaipur affiliated to Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Sciences & Technology for approximately 2 years from November 2012 to November 2014 were considered. The patients who developed VAP and fulfilled inclusion criteria as per WHO definition of VAP were studied. Detail history, physical examination was done and all routine haematological and biochemical investigation were done including chest x-ray. Endotracheal aspirate suction tip was sent for culture and sensitivity.

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Abstract: There has been an increase in the acquired facial defects, resulting from cancer surgeries and day-to-day automobile accidents leading to facial trauma. Nonetheless, the congenital facial defects also demand for facial rehabilitation. These defects may be restored by reconstructive surgery but many a times due to multiple surgical interventions and compromised esthetic outcome rehabilitation by prosthetic means is a chosen option. Silicones are a combination of organic and inorganic compounds. These polymers are translucent, watery, white fluids whose viscosity is determined by the length of the polymer chain. Additives are used to provide color. Antioxidants and vulcanizing agents are used to transform the raw mass from a plastic to a rubbery resin during processing. The long- chained polymers, when tied together at various points (cross-linked), create a network that can be separated only with difficulty. This network makes the silicones especially resistance to degradation from ultraviolet light exposure. Medical grade silicone maxillofacial prosthetic material has the ability to match any skin color using intrinsic and extrinsic color system and are color stable, has rubbery consistency to match the elasticity of skin, biologically inert thus biocompatible. A meticulous step by step technique for fabrication of adhesive retained silicone ear prosthesis is described, with special emphasis on anatomic simulation with the contralateral ear, its positioning, camouflaging the margins, investing technique and color matching so as to give life like prosthesis

Keywords: Adhesive retained, Anotia, Congenital, Ear prosthesis, Silicone.

[1]. J. Beumer, T.A. Curtis and M.T. Marunick , Maxillofacial rehabilitation. restoration of facial defects (1 st ed. Medico Dental
Media Intl, St. Louis, 1996) 385-403
[2]. K.F. Thomas, Prosthetic rehabilitation (1 st ed. Quintessence Publishing Co., Ltd., London, 1994) 55-91
[3]. T. D. Taylor, Clinical maxillofacial prosthetics (1 st ed. Quintessence Publishing Co. Inc, Illinois, 2000) 233-264
[4]. J. C. Lemon, M. S. Chambers, P. J. Wesley and J. W. Martin, Technique for fabricating a mirror-image prosthetic ear, J
Prosthet Dent. 75,1996, 292–293
[5]. T. M. Kubon, Creating an adaptable anterior margin for an implant-retained auricular prosthesis, J Prosthet Dent. 86(3), 2001,
233-40
[6]. P. S. Kumar, K.S. Satheesh Kumar and R.C.Savadi, Bilateral implant-retained auricular prosthesis for a patient with
congenitally missing ears A clinical report, J Prosthodont, 21(2), 2012, 322-7

Abstract: Can physics forcep replace conventional forcep in non- surgical mandibular dental extraction?? To authenticate this query we compared outcome variables (laceration, cortical plate fracture, post-operative pain and complication) in patients being treated for their multirooted tooth extraction with the physics forcep and the conventional forcep. We organised a double blind, randomized controlled trial in which p value came to be statistically significant in support of physics forcep. (p value Laceration of gingival tissue 0.032, cortical plate fracture 0.001, post-operative pain 0.035 and average time taken for extraction was 2.33 with a standard deviation of ±1.588) Aim and Objective: To evaluate efficacy of physics forcep in non-surgical mandibular multirooted tooth extractions.

Keywords: Physics Forceps, Atraumatic Extraction, Extraction Forceps, Recent advancement in extraction forcep

[1]. Misch C, Perez H. Dentistry Today. August 2008; 27(8): 1-3.
[2]. Dym H, Weiss A. Exodontia: Tips and Techniques for Better Outcome. Dent Clin N Am. 2012; 56: 245-266.
[3]. Feck A. Predictable atraumatic dental extractions. Dental Economics. October 2010; 1-4
[4]. Misch G. Physics forceps. Dental product. 2009
[5]. Al-Khateeb TH. Pain Experience after Simple Tooth Extraction. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Volume 66, Issue 5, Page 911-917, May 2008
[6]. Vankateshwar PG, Padhye NM, Khosla RA, Kakkar TS, Complications Of Exodontia: A Retrospective Study. Indian Journal Of Dental Research.2011; 22(5)
[7]. Wasiu L. Adeyemo, Olanrewaju A. Taiwo, Olabisi H. Oderinu, Moshood F. Adeyemi, Akinola L. Ladeinde And Mobolanle O. Ogunlewe. Oral Health Related Quality Of Life Following No- Surgical (Routine) Tooth Extraction:A Pilot Study. ContempClin Dent. Oct-Dec 2012; 3(4): 427-432
[8]. Golden R. Less than four minute extraction of any tooth. Dentistry Today. August 2011; 30(8)

Abstract: The significance of denture identification and marking has long been accredited by dental professionals. Denture labelling or marking is crucial for medico-legal investigation and social reasons like early identification of dead and injured people in the event of major disasters such as earthquakes, floods, plane crashes and accidents where visual or fingerprint identification are not available. Forensic identification based on assessment of prosthodontic appliances is assuming greater significance, as labeling of dentures and other prosthetic appliances could provide vital clues for patient identification. Moreover, loss of dentures or confusion in recognition of dentures is not uncommon especially during cleaning by paramedical staff in clinical premises. The loss is of greater consequences to the elderly patient for whom new denture is difficult to adapt. Nowadays denture labelling has been helpful for elderly patients who are suffering from dementia. A number of commercial methods for labeling of dentures are available such as surface marking, inclusion techniques, micro labels and chips. Thus, attention should be paid to offer patients an esthetically suitable denture marking system that is also inexpensive and permanent. This article describes few techniques for denture labelling.

Keywords: Forensic, denture labelling, identification.

[1]. Mishra SK, Mahajan H, Sakorikar R, Jain A. Role of prosthodontist in forensic odontology. A literature review. J Forensic Dent Sci 2014;6:159-64.
[2]. Roma Goswami,RishabhGarg,Rashi Jolly. Role of prosthodontics in Forensic Odontology. IJCDS Nov 2011;2(4).
[3]. F.M.Loss. Denture Identification. J Prosthet Dent 1958;8:940-941.
[4]. D.J.Davis. Invisible denture identification: A forensic aid. J Prosthet Dent 1982;48:221.
[5]. Stevenson RB. Marking dentures for identification. J Prosthet Dent 1987; 58: 255.
[6]. Todo J and Lukens EM. A technique of placing names in dentures. J Prosthet Dent 1977;37(4).

Abstract:A comparative study of Serum cholesterol and urea level of 100 subjects, consisting of 50 apparently smokers and 50 non-smokers as control was determined byLiebermann-Burchard reaction and Diacetylmonoxime method respectively. Mean serum cholesterol and urea levels in smokers (5.2mMol/L; 8.4mMol/L) and non- smokers(3.4mMol/L; 4.7mMol/L)with a degree of significance (P< 0.05) indicates significant statistical difference in cholesterol and urea levels between both groups. The difference in mean serum cholesterol and urea level in smokers was greater than those of non-smokers in the same age group. However, there was little difference in same parameters in smokers with different quantity of cigarette stick per day as compared with the observed slight increasein smokers with different duration.
Keyword: Serum Cholesterol, Urea, Cigarette, Smokers, Non-Smokers, Vom.

[1]. Kshitish KK, Ram BS, Jayashree B: A Study of Smoking on Lipid and Vitamin C Metabolism. A Pilot Study in Central Bihar.Int J. Pharma&Biol Sci. Vol 1 Issue -4. Dec.2010. Pp 106-112. ISSN 0975-6299.www.ijpbs.net
[2]. Ibeh CC, Ele PU: Prevalence of cigarette smoking in young Nigerian females. Afr. J Med Sci; 32(4,) 2003, pp 5-8 33.
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[4]. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Women and Smoking: A report of the Surgeon General. Rockville (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Office of the Surgeon General, 2001.
[5]. Keys A: Am. J .Epidemology; 1985;121,870-83.
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Abstract: Central nervous system(CNS) malformations are one of the commonest malformations that frequently encountered in pregnancy. It can vary from subtle to very severe defects. Most of them can be diagnosed with prenatal ultrasound. Objective: The purpose of our study was to describe the incidence of various CNS malformations and their imaging findings on antenatal ultrasound. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital in Kanchipuram, India from January 2012 to December 2014. Total of 3469 cases underwent antenatal ultrasound in the department of radiology. Fetuses with central nervous system malformations were included in the study and detailed clinical history recorded from the mother. Cases with congenital malformations without involvement of central nervous system were not included in the study. Antenatal ultrasound findings were confirmed after the delivery of fetus with clinical examination. Autopsy of delivered fetuses were not done in our study. Results: Out of 3469 cases, 16 were diagnosed with central nervous system anomalies. Postnatal examination showed higher degree of correlation with antenatal Ultrasound findings.

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