iosr-JDMS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-3 ~ March-2015

Abstract: Aim:To determine whether the levels of WBCs, Platelets and Serum Protein parameters including Total Protein, Serum Albumin and Serum Globulin are altered in subjects with chronic periodontitis compared to healthy controls. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 systemically healthy subjects, aged 25 to 40 years were included in the study. 25 subjects with clinically healthy gingiva were assigned to the control group and 25 subjects with chronic periodontitis were assigned to the test group. Clinical parameters including Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Pocket Depth (PD), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) were measured. Venous blood samples were taken to analyze hematological parameters including WBC, Platelets, Total Protein, Serum Albumin, Serum Globulin and Albumin/Globulin ratio.

[1]. Loos BG. Systemic markers of inflammation in Periodontitis. J Periodontol 2005;76:2106-2115.
[2]. Igari K, Kudo T, Toyofuku T, Inoue Y and Iwai T. Association between periodontitis and the development of systemic diseases. Oral Biol Dent. 2014;2(4):1-7.
[3]. Miller W. The human mouth as a focus of infection. Dental Cosmos. 1891;33:689-713.
[4]. Offenbacher S. Periodontal diseases: pathogenesis. Ann Periodontol. 1996;1:821-878.
[5]. Seymour GJ, Ford PJ, Cullinan MP, Leishman S and Yamazaki K. Relationship between periodontal infections and systemic disease. ClinMicrobiol Infect. 2007;13Suppl 4:3-10.
[6]. Pejcic Ana, KojovicDraginja, MirkovicDimitrije, Minic Ivan, and StojanovicMariola, "The Markers of Systemic Inflammation in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis: Leukocytes, C-reactive Protein and Fibrinogen." Journal of Preventive Medicine 2013;1(3):43-49.
[7]. López R, Loos BG, Baelum V. Hematological features in adolescents with Periodontitis. Clin Oral Invest 2012;16:1209–1216.
[8]. Loe H. The Gingival Index, the Plaque Index and the Retention Index Systems. J Periodontol. 1967;3 8(6): 610-616.

Abstract: To evaluate functional and periodontal aspects in patients with unilateral or bilateral congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors, treated with orthodontically space closure and tooth re-contouring.\ most frequent kind among different populations. However, this prevalence varies according to ethnic background and population .Dental agenesis in the maxillary anterior region compromises smile balance and symmetry. Therefore, treating these patients requires an interdisciplinary approach aimed at rehabilitating the smile, both in terms of function and aesthetics.. To help dentists plan for these situations, a number of studies have assessed the results of the different treatment options. This case report mainly focuses on space closer with Begg's appliance.

Keywords: Dental agenesis, Esthetic, hypodontia, Orthodontic treatment

[1]. Woodworth, Sinclair, and Alexander (1985) : Bilateral congenital absence of maxillary lateral incisors , AM J ORTHOD, Apr 280 – 293.
[2]. Peter M. Roth, Dds, John A. Gerling, Dds, Msd, Richard G. Alexander, Dds, M (1985) : Congenitally Missing Lateral Incisor Treatment. JCO, Apr 258 – 262.
[3]. Montagu MFA (1940): The significance of the variability of the upper lateral incisor teeth in man. Hum Biol 12: 358-373.
[4]. Meskin LH, Gorlin RJ (1963): Agenesis and peg-shaped permanent maxillary lateral incisors. J Dent Res 42: 1476-1479.
[5]. Shaw WC (1981): The influence of children's dentofacial appearance on their social attractiveness as judged by peers and by adults. AM J ORTHOD 79: 399- 415.
[6]. LeBot P, Salmon D: Congenital defects of the upper lateral incisors (ULI) (1977): Condition and measurements of the other teeth, measurements of the superior arch, head and face. Am J Phys Anthropol 46: 213-243.
[7]. LeBot P, Gueguen A, Salmon D (1980): Congenital defects of the upper lateral incisors (ULI) and the morphology of other teeth in man. Am J Phys Anthropol 53: 479-486.

Abstract: Background: Establishing healthy behaviours during childhood is easier and more effective than trying to change unhealthy behaviours during adulthood. The school is a place where education and health programmes can have their greatest impact because it can reach students at influential stages of their lives. We evaluated the status of school health instruction in public and private primary schools in Jos, Nigeria. Methods:A cross sectional descriptive study involving 66 schools (20 public and 46 private) in Jos, was conducted to evaluate the status of school health instruction. A School Health Evaluation Scale was completed for each school by direct interview and inspection to ascertain the availability of the various components of school health instruction. Results:In 12 (18.2%) schools (5 public and 7 private), health education was taught by a professional health education teacher (p = 0.49). The most frequently taught topics were Personal Health and Safety Education (98.5% each). HIV/AIDS was taught by only 12.1% of the teachers.In most schools (61, 92.4%), health instruction was done in the classroom only. Only five (7.6%) schools, all private, had sent their teachers on in-service training with regard to health teaching.Overall, twenty- two (33.3%) schools, two (10.0%) public and 20 (43.5%) private attained the minimum acceptable score (p = 0.01).

[1]. UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). Policy Paper 14 / Fact Sheet 28 • Progress in getting all children to school stalls, but some countries show the way forward. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization, Montreal, Canada; 2014: 1- 11.
[2]. UNICEF, UNESCO. All children in school by 2015, global initiative on out- of – school children, Nigeria country study. UNICEF, UNESCO; 2012: 1 – 37.
[3]. UNFPA. The State of the World Population 2014. United Nations Population Fund, New York; 2014: 107 -109.
[4]. WHO. Improving health through schools, national and international strategies. World Health Organization; 1999: 3 – 33.
[5]. UNICEF. The State of the World's Children 1999. United Nations Children's Fund, New York; 1999: 29 – 30.
[6]. UNICEF. The State of the World's Children 1988. United Nations Children's Fund, New York; 1988.
[7]. Akani NA, Nkanginieme KEO. The School Health Programme. In: Azubuike JC, Nkanginieme KEO, eds. Paediatrics and Child Health in a tropical region. Owerri: African Education Services Ltd, 1999: 510-21.

Abstract: Anemia is a significant public health challenge in India. It has devastatingeffects on health, physical and mental productivity affecting quality of life, particularly among the vulnerable. Urgent action from all concerned is called for since anemiacould translate into significant morbidities for affected individuals and consequentsocio-economic losses for the country. The present study discuss prevalence, significance and required action to prevent anemia in Old age persons

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Abstract: Objective: This study was done to evaluate clinical profile, precipitating factors and outcome of Pediatric patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Material and Methods: This study was conducted at G. B. Pant Children hospital Srinagar between December 2012 to November 2014 which is tertiary care hospital and is associated hospital of government medical college Srinagar India. Children ≤ 15 years with DKA were included in this study. Severity of DKA was defined as mild (venous pH<7.30 or bicarbonate=15mEq/l), moderate (venous pH<7.2 or bicarbonate=10mEq/l) and severe (venous pH<7 or bicarbonate<5mEq/l). These classes correspond to first, second and third degree of DKA severity respectively. Cases in which diabetic ketoacidosis had occurred at the onset of diabetic diagnosis were not included in the study.

[1]. Norris AW, Wolfsdorf JI: Diabetes mellitus. In Brooks Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology. 5th edition. Edited by Brook CGD, Clayton PE, Brown RS. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 2005:436-473.
[2]. Wolfsdort J, Glaser N, Sperling MA: Diabetic ketoacidosios in infants, children and adolescents: a concensus statement from the American diabetes association. Diabetic care 2006, 29(5):1150-1159.
[3]. Dunger DB, Sperling MA, Acerini CL, Bohn DJ, Daneman D, Danne TP, Glaser NS, Hanas R, Hintz RL, Leviskey LL, et al. European Society for Pediatric endocrinology/Lawson Wilkins pediatric endocrine society (WPES) Consensus statement on diabetic ketoacidosis in children and adolescents. Arch Dis Child 2004, 89:188-194.
[4]. Neu A, Chehalt S, Willaschi A, Kehrer M, Hub R, Ranke MB: Varying clinical presentation at onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children-epidemiological evidence for various subtypes of disease? Pediatr Diabetes 2001, 2:147-153.
[5]. Edge JA, Ford-Adams ME, Dunger DB: Causes of death in children with insulin-dependent diabetes 1990-1996. Arch Dis child 1999, 81:318-323.

Abstract: Churg–Strauss syndrome (CSS) is a small and medium vessel vasculitis characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of organs with necrotizing vasculitis and interstitial and perivascular granulomas. Three phases have been described in the natural history of the disease (prodromal, eosinophilic, and vasculitic phases) although they do not always occur successively. Initial records show CSS is a condition highly responsive to steroids.

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Abstract: The study of sensitivity of Fluorescence staining versus Ziehl-Neelsen fuchsin staining plays an important role in diagnosing sputum smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis. 500 sputum samples collected from 250 suspected cases of pulmonary Tuberculosis attending the pulmonology department between December 2012 – September 2014 were processed and subjected to ZN and FM staining for detection of AFB. Positive smears were graded according to standard WHO criteria. Out of 500 sputum smears, 12% and 19.8% were positive by ZN and FM staining respectively. FM staining was found to be superior to ZN staining in detecting TB cases and also FM staining was able to detect more paucibacillary cases than ZN.Our study concludes that FM staining with LED is more efficient over ZN stain in detecting Tuberculosis bacilli in sputum, especially the paucibacillary cases.

Keywords – FM staining, ZN staining, Paucibacillary Tuberculosis

[1]. Ba F and Rieder HL (1999) A comparision of flurescence microscopy with the Zeil-Neelson technique in the examination of sputum for acid-fast bacilli, Int J Tercle Lung Disease.; 3 (12): 1101-5
[2]. Daniel TM. The history of tuberculosis. Respir Med 2006; 100:1862-70
[3]. Palomino JC, Leao SC, Ritacoo V. In: Tuberculosis 2007. From basic science to patient care.1st Edition.2007; p25-48
[4]. Dye C, Scheele S, Dolin P, et al. Global burden of disease: estimated incidence, prevalence, and mortality by country. J Am Med Assoc 1999; 282: 677-86
[5]. Frieden T. (ed.): Toman's Tuberculosis: case detection, treatment and monitoring- question and answers (2nd Edition). World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2004.
[6]. European society for Mycobacteriology. Manual of diagnostic and public health mycobacteriology. Edition 2. London: Bureau of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 1991.
[7]. Nardell EA. Dodging droplet nuclei. Reducing the probability of nosocomial tuberculosis transmission in AIDS era. Am Rev Respire Dis 1990; 142:501-3.

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of two treatment modalities for dentinal hypersensitivity, iontophoresis with acidulated phosphate gel (APF) gel, and bifluoride varnish application . Materials and methods : This clinical study recruited subjects with a history of hypersensitivity with at least 2 teeth, verified by a light stroke with a dental explorer along the cervical third of the teeth. The patients were subjected to a 1-second air blast and cold water stimuli and their responses were recorded on a visual analogue scale (10- cm scale with 0 to 10 markings) . A total of 80 sites from 40 patients(23males and 17 females) were randomly divided into Group I— APF gel iontophoresis; and Group II—bifluoride varnish. The teeth were evaluated immediately after the treatment and at the end of 2 weeks,4 weeks and 8 weeks.

[1]. da Rosa WL, Lund RG, Piva E, da Silva AF . The effectiveness of current desensitizing agents used to treat dental hypersensitivity: A systematic review. Quintessence Int. 2013;44(7):535-546.
[2]. Kim HE ,Kwon HK ,Kim BI . Application of fluoride iontophoresis to improve remineralization. J Oral Rehabil 2009; 36:770–775.
[3]. Gangarosa LP Sr. Iontophoretic application of fluoride by tray techniques for desensitization of multiple teeth. J Am Dent Assoc. 1981;102:50–52.
[4]. Wilson JM, Fry BW, Walton RE, Gangarosa LP Sr. Fluoride levels in dentin after iontophoresis of 2% NaF. J Dent Res. 1984; 63:897–900.
[5]. Carlo GT, Ciancio SG, Seyrek SK. An evaluation of iontophoretic application of fluoride for tooth desensitization. J Am Dent Assoc. 1982;105:452–454.
[6]. Holland GR, Narhi MN, Addy M, Gangarosa L, Orchardson R. Guidelines for the design and conduct of clinical trials on dentine hypersensitivity. J Clin Periodontol 1997; 24(11):808-813.

Abstract: Anaemia in pregnancy, particularly iron deficiency, is a prominent unsolved problem in India. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women attending ante-natal OPD units of Gauhati Medical College & Hospital, Guwahati, Assam. About 250 pregnant women were screened for anaemia using cyanmethemoglobin method during the first ante-natal visit. The prevalence of anaemia was found to be 50.4 per cent. The findings of the study further revealed that the prevalence was higher among young women, women belonging to low socioeconomic status and women with short pregnancy intervals and higher parity. High prevalence rate of anaemia observed in the present study suggests to strongly implement various improved preventive strategies, especially advocacy, compliance and monitoring of the iron and folic acid supplementation.

Keywords – Anaemia, Pregnancy, Prevalence, Advocacy, Compliance, Monitoring, Cyanmethemoglobin

[1]. M E Bently and P L Griffiths (2003) : The burden of anemia among women in India. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 57 : 52-60.
[2]. Jolly Rajaratnam, Rajaratnam Abl, C. Ganesan, S Amalan Jayaseelan. Maternal anaemia : A persistent problem in rural Tamil Nadu. The national medical journal of India 2000; 13(5):242-45.
[3]. Mah-e-Munir Awan, Muhammad Aftab Akbar, Misbahul I slam Khan. A study of anemia in pregnant women of railway colony, Multan. Pakistan J. Med. Res. 2004; 43 (1).
[4]. Keneeth G Perrry Jr and John c Morriso . Anemia associated with pregnancy, Chapter 16, Vol.3.
[5]. Judith A Noronha, Aparna Bhaduri and H Vinod Bhat (2008). Prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women: a community-based study in Udupi district. Health and Population – Perspectives and Issues; 31 (1): 31-40.

Abstract:The cervical rib represent the elongated costal element of the seventh cervical vertebra .It may be complete and incomplete. . The occurrence of bilateral cervical rib lies between 67 and 80% of all cervical ribs according to different opinions .Complete bilateral ribs are very rare The cervical rib is found more often on the left side, but symptoms are more common on the right side. This is because of the greater use of the right arm, because the right plexus is in closer connection with the corresponding rib than the left, and because the right plexus is in closer connection with the corresponding rib than the left, and because there is a greater drop of the right shoulder in the right-handed persons. Symptoms are much more common in women than in men .During demonstration of different cervical ribs the following findings were found.
Keywords: Brachial Plexus, Cervical Rib, Reynaud Disease, Scalene Tubercle, Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

[1] Gray's Text book of Anatomy (The anatomical basis of Medicine & Surgery) 38th Edn.1995
[2] Clinical Anatomy by regions, Richard S Snell, edn8th, 2008
[3] Manual of Surgical Anatomy by Bruce, Walmsley Ross, 1964
[4] A method of anterior approach for relief of symptoms by division of the scalenusanticusby Alfred W. Adson, M.D. Section On Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic & Jay R. Coffey, M.D.
[5] Cervical Ribs: A Common Variant Overlooked in CT Imaging, V.G. Viertel,J. Intrapiromkul, F. Maluf, N.V. Patel et.al.
[6] An unusual case of the syndrome of cervical rib with subclavianartery thrombosis and cerebellarand cerebral infarctions, MirzaJusufovic, Else Charlotte Sandset, Trine HaugPopperud, SteinarSolberg, Geir Ringstadand, Emilia Kerty.
[7] The cervical rib :A predisposing factor for obstetric brachial plexus Lesions;M., H.-J. Becker, F. Lassner, J Bahm, G. Ingianni, N. Pallua.

Abstract: Pentalogy of Cantrell (PC) is a lethal multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterized by the presence of midline supraumbilical abdominal wall defect, lower sternal defect, diaphragmatic pericardial defect, anterior diaphragmatic defect and various cardiovascular malformations. This case report presents a female fetus at 17 weeks of conception who was diagnosed with Cantrell's Pentalogy by ultrasound. Ultrasonography showed that the fetal chest wall and anterior abdominal wall were not closed. Fetal heart was outside the chest cavity (Ectopia cordis); Liver and intestines were outside the abdominal cavity floating inside amniotic fluid (Omphalocele). Fetal spine showed multiple angulations (Kyphoscoliosis). No other anomalies were seen. The parents agreed for Medical Termination of Pregnancy. The abortus showed the five anatomical defects known for the complete form of Pentalogy of Cantrell. The mother was stable after abortion and was discharged uneventfully.

Keywords: Diaphragmatic defects, Ectopia Cordis, Omphalocele, Pentalogy of Cantrell, Thoraco-abdominal wall defect

[1]. Toyama WM: Combined congenital defects of the anterior abdominal wall, sternum, diaphragm, pericardium, and heart: a case report and review of the syndrome. Pediatrics 50:778-792, 1972.

[2]. Baker ME, Rosenberg ER, Trofatter KF et al: The in utero findings in twin pentalogy of Cantrell. J Ultrasound Med 3:525-527, 1984.

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[4]. Fox JE, Gloster ES, Mirchandani R: Trisomy 18 with Cantrell Pentalogy in a Stillborn Infant. American Journal of Medical Genetics 31:391-394,1988.

[5]. Amir Hossein Jafarian,a,* Abbas Ali Omidi,a Alireza Fazel,b Hamed Sadeghian,a and Bahareh Joushanc J Res Med Sci. 2011 Jan; 16(1): 105–109

[6]. Sabrina D. Craigo, MD, Martin S. Gillieson, MD, Curtis L. Cetrulo, MD1992-07-21-17 Pentalogy of Cantrell © Craigo

Abstract: Introduction: Promoting women's health improves not only individual health but also the health of the family, community and the nation. As per Safe Motherhood Initiative all pregnant women must receive basic but professional antenatal care (ANC). However safe motherhood is still a dream in India as well as in the third world countries. Mothers who had not received good quality ANC were found to be more at risk of having low birth weight babies and there is clear association between infant mortality rate and lack of or poor quality ANC.

[1]. London L. What Is a Human-Rights Based Approach to Health and Does It Matter? Health and Human Rights.2008;10(1):65-80.
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[3]. Nagral K. Concept of safe motherhood in Ayurveda. J Fam Welf.1997;43(2):53-57.
[4]. Yosif E.M, Rahman A, Hafeez A. The Effect of Antenatal Care on the Probability of Neonatal Survival at Birth, Wad Medani Teaching Hospital, Sudan. Sudanese Journal of Public Health.2006;1(4):293-297. [5]. William, Cunningham, Gant, Leveno, Hauth, Wenstrom. Text book of obstetrics.21ed.10:225. [6]. Chandhiok N, Dhillon B S, Kambo I, Saxena N C. Determinants of antenatal care utilization in rural areas of India, A cross-sectional study from 28 districts (An ICMR task force study). J Obstet Gynecol India. 2006;56(1):47-52.
[7]. Chauhan A. Antenatal care among currently married women in Rajasthan, India. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease. 2012;617-623.

Abstract: Here 2 cases are reported during the year 2014 from january to december. 2 cases are admitted in laboour room in active phase of labour on 3-10-2014 & 16-10-2014. Both are admitted in labour room and are monitored carefully, they delivered vaginally with mere care, one case had a cervical laceration. Both are followed upto 6wks puerperium no other complication like PPH, infection to genital tract because of exposure of genital tract outside the vagina during pregnancy. Keywords: , Delivery , Labour, Uterine Prolapse ,Pregnancy , Vagina.,

[1]. Two sucessful natural pregnancies in apatient withsevere uterine prolapse:Acase report Davide De Vita1 and Salvatore Glordano2 Journal of Medical case reports 2011.
[2]. Peristent Uterine Prolapse During Pregnancy and Labour Rakhi Gupta and Girija Tickoo J Obstet Gynaecol India.2010
[3]. Cervical Prolapse During Pregnancy Devin Sawyer,MD, and Keith Frey, MD JABFP 2000 VOL 13 No.3
[4]. Uterine Prolapse in Pregnancy: A case Report And Review of LiteratureY Ng A Paramasivam, A Ahmed
[5]. The Internet Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 2009 vol 13, No2.
[6]. Cervical Prolapse Complicating Pregnancy Haywood L.Brown,MD Journal of the national medical assosication vol 89.

Abstract: The aims of endodontic treatment in cases of apical periodontitis are to reduce as much as possible the number of microorganisms inside the root canal system and to inactivate toxins produced by them. Chlorhexidine has a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity and is known for its property of substansivity. It is also known that dentin exerts a buffering effect under wide pH variations, and may be responsible for decreasing the antimicrobial activity of drugs inside the root canal. The objectives of this study were to assess the pH of different solutions of chlorhexidine gluconate in presence of dentin at various time interval. Dentin powder was obtained from extracted human teeth and added as 1.8% to the volume of the solutions. A pH meter was used at five different moments to assess pH in medium: immediately after preparation and after 24 h, and 7, 14. Results were analyzed by one way ANOVA test. Statistically significant differences were observed in the every group and least change in pH was observed in 20% chlorhexidine gluconate at all time intervals when compared to the other groups(P < 0.05).

Keywords: Chlorhexidine gluconate. pH, QMiX, substantivity.

[1]. Love RM. Enterococcus faecalis – a mechanism for its role in endodontic failure. Int Endod J 2001;34:399–405.
[2]. Portenier I, Haapasalo H, Orstavik D, Yamauchi M, Haapasalo M. Inactivation of the antibacterial activity of iodine potassium iodide and chlorhexidine digluconate against Enterococcus faecalis by dentine, dentine matrix, type-I collagen, and heat-killed microbial whole cells. J Endod 2002;28:634–7
[3]. Haapasalo HK, Sire´n EK, Waltimo TMT, Orstavik D, Haapasalo MPP. Inactivation of root canal medicaments by dentine: an in vitro study. Int Endod J 2000;33:126–31.
[4]. Haapasalo M, Qian W, Portenier I, Waltimo T. Effects of dentin on the antimicrobial properties of endodontic medicaments. J Endod 2007;33:917–25.
[5]. Siqueira JF Jr, Uzeda M. Influence of different vehicles on the antibacterial effects of calcium hidroxide. J Endod 1998;24: 663–5.

Abstract: Background: There is much debate regarding the optimal treatment of shaft of femur fractures. Locking compression plating is a safe procedure for complex distal third fractures can be operated upon by direct visualisation without the use of IITV. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the anatomical and functional outcome of internal fixation with locking compression plate in adults with fracture shaft of femur. Methods: This is a prospective study in which 30 patients with fracture shaft of femur, between the ages of 17 and 67 years who provided written informed consent to participate in the study were included, and were treated using locking compression plating technique from September 2012 to August 2014. Outcome measures included radiological and clinical union parameters, and functional outcome was assessed by Modified Sander`s criteria.

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