iosr-JEEE   Volume-10 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-Feb 2015

Abstract:Survey of different components during project survey led us to an idea of "Prevention of ENERGY THEFT" by different methods like phase bypassing, EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) as well as other methods like partial earthing of load, full earthing of load, over loading. Nowadays the "Electronic Energy Meter" used in houses & industries can detect the above mentioned faults which help Electricity Boards to confirm tampering. So the circuit we are designing will prevent/stop the Energy Theft done by any of the above mentioned methods by disconnecting the main supply of the house/industry which may compel the individual to notify the Electricity Board to reconnect the main supply. Also our circuit is cost effective consisting of readily available components like opto-couplers, relays, sensors etc.

Keywords: Energy Meter; Overload; Phase Bye-pass; Power Theft.

[1]. A Multi-Sensor Energy Theft Detection Framework For Advance Metering Infrastructures By Mclaighlin, S; Holbert, B.; Fawaz, A.; Berthier, R.; Zonouz, S. Volume: 31, Issue: 7, Page(S):1319-1330. Doi: 10.1109/Jsac.2013.130714

[2]. A Novel Hybrid Intrusion Detection System For Distribution Networks In Smart Grid By Chun-Hao Lo ; Ansari, N. Emerging Topics In Computing, Ieee Transactions Volume:1, Issue:1 DOI: 10.1109/ Tetc.2013.2274043 Publication Year: 2013 , Page(S): 33 – 44 Ieee Journals & Magazines

[3]. Prevention Of Power Blackout And Power Theft Using Led By Amarnath, R: Kalaivani, N.; Priyanka, V.

[4]. Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (Ghtc), 2013 Ieee Doi:10.1109/Ghtc.2013.6713659 Publication Year: 2013, Page(S):82-86 Ieee Conference Publications

Abstract: Hydraulic servo systems are characterized by their ability to impart large forces at high speeds and are used in many industrial motion systems. The goal of this paper is to present a mathematical model of a complete hydraulic servo system (solenoid valve, hydraulic valve, actuator, and controller). The model is developed for the system and simulation is carried out with four types of controller namely Proportional (P) control, Proportional-Differential (PD) control, Proportional-Integral (PI) control and PID control. The results of simulation with different controller are discussed and compared.

Keywords: Hydraulic, Servo, Mathematical model, Simulation, PID, Controller.

[1]. Herbert E. Meritt, Hydraulic Control Systems: John Wiley and Sons, 1967
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[4]. K ailash Krishnaswamy and Perry Y. Li, "On Using Unstable Electro hydraulic Valves for Control," Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control, March, 2002
[5]. S hailaja Kurode, et al " Modeling of electro-hydraulic servo valve and robust position control using sliding mode technique" Proceedings on 1st international conference on machines and mechanisms, IIT Roorkee, 2013

Abstract: This paper presents an intelligent speed control system based on self tuning fuzzy PID controller for a brushless DC motor.PWM based motor current control is implemented with the help of three hall sensors placed around the motor shaft and a three phase inverter model is implemented for motor commutation .Dynamic performance of electromagnetic torque developed are analysed for this model. Traditional speed control system of BLDCM introduces conventional PI regulator in outer speed loop which debases the performance of whole system. To overcome this problem, replacement of PI controller by an intelligent controller based on fuzzy set theory is proposed. The performance of the intelligent controller has been investigated through Matlab Simulink package for different operating conditions such as sudden changes in load torque. The simulation results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed controller is better than that of conventional PI controller.

Keywords: Fuzzy Logic Controllersr, BLDC,PID Controller

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Abstract: In this paper, the interconnection of a strong AC system to a weak AC system by using a Voltage Source Converter (VSC) based High Voltage DC (HVDC) transmission system is investigated. In this work, the weak AC system considered is an island system comprised of synchronous generators and passive load. Analysis is carried out for UPF load and inductive load. The ac filter requirement to achieve the required response for UPF and inductive load is carried out. For efficient functioning of the system considered, proper designing of the controllers is an important factor. The controller parameters are designed using Modulus Optimum technique and Symmetric optimum method. The performance analysis of VSC-HVDC is carried out for power transmission in the DC link for load variation in the island system. Simulations are carried out in MATLAB/ Simulink / Sim Power Systems and the results are presented.

Keywords: Voltage Source Converter; PI controllers parameters; VSC-HVDC; Modulus optimum; Symmetric optimum; weak AC system; island system; Power order

[1]. B.Frankén, G.Andersson, "Analysis of HVDC converters connected to weak AC systems", IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,
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Power-Synchronization Control", IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 26, No. 1, February 2011.
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[5]. Guanjun Ding, Guangfu Tang, Zhiyuan He, Ming Ding " New Technologies of Voltage Source Converter (VSC) for HVDC
Transmission System Based on VSC." Power Engineering Society, IEEE General Meeting - PES , pp. 1-8, 2008

Abstract: The insertion of distributed generator (DG) into distribution systems for performance improvement has been an obvious application. But the choice of DG has been extended to the networked systems as well in the recent years. The penetration level of DG is accelerating due to the liberalization of electricity markets and Technological advances in small generators and energy storage devices. In this paper the DG technology is used for loss reduction in the networked system. Functioning of DG is effective not merely on DG itself, but through proper location and size of the same. In this paper optimal magnitude of power from DG is computed by using a new algorithm (i.e. Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA)), upon finding optimal locations through fuzzy inference system. The proposed combination of GSA and Fuzzy concept is tested on an IEEE 5 bus system, IEEE 14 bus system and 62-bus practical Indian system. Keywords: Distribution Generation, Fuzzy Approach, Gravitational Search Algorithm

[1]. Thomas Ackermann , Goran Andersson , Lennart Soder ,Distributed generation: a definition, Electric Power Systems Research 57 (2001) 195–204
[2]. Gopiya Naik S, D. K. Khatod and M. P. Sharma, Optimal Allocation of Distributed Generation in Distribution System for Loss Reduction, 2012 IACSIT Coimbatore Conferences IPCSIT vol. 28 (2012) © (2012) IACSIT Press, Singapore
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[4]. Naresh Acharya, Pukar Mahat, N. Mithulananthan An analytical approach for DG allocation in primary distribution network, Electrical Power and Energy Systems 28 (2006) 669–678
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Abstract: In this paper, the wireless power transmission from the docking station to the defense surveillance robot is proposed. This power transmission is used to charge the battery of the robot through wireless charging and also more efficient due to shorter distance. The proposed system contains both way monitoring is done from the docking station to the destination and also from destination to the docking station. During this process the power in the battery of the camera will not be cut off for continuous monitoring purpose. For the position (latitude and longitude) purpose of the robot in the surveillance area a GPS detector is used. A continuous monitoring of the battery and the position in the robot is monitored from the control room. The transmission of this data between the robot and the control room are accomplished by the Radio Frequency transmission. Battery monitoring and control measurement are proposed by LABVIEW .Simulation result has been verified for battery monitoring and control measurement.

Keywords: wireless charging, battery monitoring, radio frequency, GPS detector, LABVIEW.

[1] Qingwei Zhu, Lifang Wang, and Chenglin Liao, "Compensate Capacitor Optimization for Kilowatt-Level Magnetically Respnant Wireless Charging System", IEEE 0278-0046 (c) 2013 IEEE.
[2] J. B. Goodenough, J. Solid State Electrochem"Rechargeable Batteries: Challenges old and new", vol. 16, pp. 2019-2029, Jun. 2012.
[3] Guangming Song, Member, IEEE, Hui Wang, Jun Zhang, and Tianhua Meng, "Automatic Docking System for Recharging Home Surveillance Robots", Electronic version published 06/27/11. 0098 3063/11/$20.00 © 2011 IEEE.
[4] Y. W. Bai, L. S. Shen and Z. H. Li,"Design and Implementation of an Embedded Home Surveillance System by use of Multiple Ultrasonic Sensors",IEEE Trans Consum Electron, Vol. 56, No. 1, pp. 119-124, 2010.
[5] G. Song, K. Yin, Y. Zhou and X. Cheng,"A Surveillanc Robot with Hopping Capabilities for Home Security", IEEE Trans Consume Electron, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 2034-2039, 2009.

Abstract: In this paper presented the edge detection filter for gray image processing and observing performances. The edge is vanguard of the image processing for object detection. Edge is the boundaries between the object and boundaries. I study the different operators use in edge detection for image processing. We proposed the comparative analysis of each operator. In this paper we proposed the observed from the present study that the performances of each operators.

Keywords: Image processing, Edge detection, operator.

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Abstract: The dependence of both microwave negative resistance (R) and its positive series resistance (Rs) on the rise of diode junction temperature in the range of 100oC to 220oC of HP n++np++ Si IMPATT [1] diode with flat doping density( 7x1021 m-3 ) at X band (8-12) GHz have been simulated. The studies followed by Gummel-Blue Technique [2] show that for a constant experimental bias current of 25 mA [1], for which the space charge effect is not prominent, the value of negative conductance and negative resistance degrade taking into account the changes in the ionization rates and drift velocities due to rise of temperature. As a result, it is observed that the series resistance increases with the increase of temperature.

Keywords: Negative microwave resistance, IMPATT diode, Series Resistance, X Band

[1]. M.Mitra, M. Das, S. Kar, and S. K. Roy, A study of the electrical series resistance of Silicon IMPATT diodes, IEEE Trans Electron
Devices, 40, 1993, 1890-1893.
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Abstract: Renewable energy exploitation along with power quality play a major role in all power distribution systems. This paper presents a new controlling method for decreasing grid current total harmonic distortion as an added function in wind energy conversion using permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). While improving the grid power quality using proposed method, an improved maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm based on optimum torque controlling is employed. Using this improved algorithm makes MPPT efficiency be higher than 97%. A wind energy conversion using PMSG with nominal power of 20 KW at wind speed of 9 m/s is considered for simulation and connected to a nonlinear load and grid. Simulation results including MPPT in three different wind speeds and THD analyzing in presence and absence of harmonic elimination added function show impressive benefits of the proposed method.

Keywords: wind energy conversion; permanent magnet synchronous generator; harmonic elimination; maximum power point tracking.

[1]. Teodorescu R., Liserr M., Rodriguez P., "Grid Converters For Photovoltaic And Wind Power Systems", Chapter 6 , Pages.127-153 .
[2]. Blaabjerg F., Chen Z., "Power electronics for wind turbines", Chapter 3.
[3]. BU He R, XUE Yu, "Grid Connection Control and Simulation of PMSG Wind Power System Based On Three Level NPC Converter", International Journal of Automation and Power Engineering (IJAPE) Volume 2 Issue 4, May 2013,pages.192-193.
[4]. Pierluigi Tenca , Andrew A. Rockhill, Thomas A. Lipo, "Wind Turbine Current-Source Converter Providing Reactive Power Control and Reduced Harmonics", IEEE Transactions On Industry Applications, VOL. 43, NO. 4, JULY/AUGUST 2007.pages 1050-1051
[5]. R. Swisher, C. R. DeAzua and J. Clendenin, "Strong winds on the horizon: wind power comes of age", Proc. IEEE, vol. 89, no. 12 pp. 1754–1764, Dec. 2001.

Abstract: In the present work, a facile approach to construct a nonvolatile resistive random access memory device based on the heterojunction of silver nanoparticles and aluminum oxide is reported. The device structure consisting of Aluminum-Aluminum oxide-Silver Nanoparticles-Aluminum is used to study the charge transport. The current-voltage measurements of this device clearly show the transition from one state to other in two different steps. Initially, a major transition with the resistance ratio as high as 105 is obtained for the device whereas the minor transition has resulted one order difference in between its low conducting state and high conducting state. The prepared memristor is found to operate at low operational voltages with better uniformity.

Keywords: Charge transport, Nonvolatile resistive memristor, Silver nanoparticles heterojunction with aluminum oxide, SEM and XRD.

[1]. T. W. Hickmott, Low-frequency negative resistance in thin anodic oxide films, Journal of Applied Physics, 33(9), 1962, 2669–2682.
[2]. D. P. Matthew, B. S. Dmitri, L. B. Julien, J. J. Yang, S. Snider Gregory, R. S. Duncan, and R. Stanley Williams, Switching dynamics in titanium dioxide memristive devices, Journal of Applied Physics, 106, 2009, 074508 (1-6).
[3]. S. Kim and Y-K Choi, Resistive switching of aluminum oxide for flexible memory, Applied Physics Letter, 92, 2008, 223508 (1-3).
[4]. K-D Liang, C-H Huang, C-C Lai, J-S Huang, H-W Tsai, Y- C Wang, Y-C Shih, M-T Chang, S-C Lo, and Y- L Chueh, Single CuOx nanowire memristor: forming-free resistive switching behavior, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 6(19), 2014, 16537-16544.
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Abstract: Most of the pollution issues created in power systems are due to the non-linear characteristics and fast switching of power electronic equipment. Power quality issues are becoming stronger because sensitive equipment will be more sensitive for market competition reasons, equipment will continue polluting the system more and more due to cost increase caused by the built-in compensation and sometimes for the lack of enforced regulations. In this paper instantaneous reactive power theory (IRP theory) is proposed for calculating the reference compensating currents required to inject into the network at the connected point of non-linear load. Switching scheme of compensator is provided by comparing the reference compensating currents obtained from IRP theory and compensator currents. Thus IRP theory is used to identify the amount of compensating current injected into the network to compensate the reactive power required by non-linear loads and to bring the source current waveform as sinusoidal. Simulations for a three phase three wire system and three phase four wire system with a shunt active power filter have been carried out for current harmonic reduction and reactive power compensation. Thus power factor has been improved by attaining source voltage and source current in phase.

Keywords: IRP theory, SAPF, VSI, HBCC PWM

1]. H. Akagi, Y. Kanazawa, and A. Nabae, ―Instantaneous reactive power compensators comprising switching devices without energy storage components,‖ IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. IA-20, no. 3, May/Jun. 1984, pp. 625–630.
[2]. Reyes S. Herrera and Patricio Salmerón, ―Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory: A Reference in the Nonlinear Loads Compensation,‖ IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL. 56, NO. 6, JUNE 2009
[3]. Reyes S. Herrera, Patricio Salmerón, and Hyosung Kim,―Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory Applied to Active Power Filter Compensation: Different Approaches, Assessment, and Experimental Results,‖ IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL. 55, NO. 1, JANUARY 2008
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Abstract: A Radar PPI display is considered to display a dummy blip (target) in order to perform orientation procedure on it. Several works have been done in the area of radar antenna orientation and control system using stepper motor control . In order to speed up the data rate, the antennas are required to operate at higher radio frequencies. The increased frequency requires more precise antenna pointing system and the need of pointing control is to counteract the effects of external disturbances which includes wind gust, terrain profile etc. All these factors demand an embedded system engineer to design a more accurate antenna control system. This paper describes the control system engineering principles used in designing, testing and implementing, a control and measurement system on an antenna orientation. The control system is modeled to monitor and control the antenna in the azimuth (Horizontal axis). The system is also stabilized with the help of level sensor.

Keywords: Radar, antenna, azimuth, PPI, blip, orientation, embedded system..

[1]. Mr.N.Sai Pavan, Mr.Ramavenkateswaran.N: MODELLING OF TH STABILIZATIONAND TRACKING CONTROL SYSTEM FOR ANTENNA, International Journal Of Advanced Research In Computer And Communication Engineering, June 2014.
[2]. Boban Temelkovskia And Jugoslav Achkoskia "Modeling And Simulation Of Antenna Azimuth Position Control System "International Journal Of Multidisciplinary And Current Research,2014.
[3]. Xiaodong Zhang, Junjun He, And Chunlei Sheng, "Anapproach Of Micro-Stepping Control For The Step Motors Based On FPGA," IEEE International Conference On Industrial Technology, Pp. 125 - 130, Dec. 2005.
[4]. Ngoc Quy Le1 And Jae Wook Jeon2" An Open-Loop Stepper Motor Driver Based On FPGA" International Conference On Control, Automation And Systems 2007Oct. 17-20, 2007 In COEX, Seoul, Korea
[5]. Arvind Kumar1, Mrs. M. Valarmathi2" High Precision Stepper Motor Controller Implementation On FPGA With GUI On Labview"International Journal Of Advanced Research In Electrical, Electronics And Instrumentation Engineering Vol. 2, Issue 4, April 2013

Abstract: The paper first deals with the current scenario of the wind energy in India. Wind energy is available without any cost and it does not emit any greenhouse gases. This makes it a great source of energy production for any developing state. The field of wind energy has tremendous scope for innovation, translating to real world applications and tremendous economic opportunity. It is crucially important for India, as our economy continues to evolve, and we must ensure every Indian has access to opportunity, decent jobs and livelihood. For that we will need greater resources. Clean, sustainable, renewable - and equally important, domestic sources of energy are essential to fulfill the potential of India in the coming years and it is certain that wind energy will play a major part in shaping India's future. Wind power has emerged as the biggest source of renewable energy in the world.

Keywords: Wind Energy, Non Conventional Energy, Sources of Wind Energy, Renewable Resources.

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