iosr-JEEE   Volume-10 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-Feb 2015

Abstract: Translations are the most common motions in several industrial branches. Usually the linear motion is generated by belt or spindle drives using rotational motors. Elasticity and backlash are the problems that hinder the accuracy of such drives. These mechanical arrangements provide low speed only. Utilization of high performance linear motors can eliminate these problems because they generate linear motion without any extra mechanical components. Linear switched reluctance motor (LSRM) is one of the linear motors that can be used in such drives. The design and mathematical modeling of a linear switched reluctance motor suitable for ground transit applications is presented in this paper.

Key words: LSRM, SRM, switched reluctance, flux linkage

[1]. Antonio Eduardo Victoria, Maria, Carlos Manuel Pereira, "Design and Evaluation of Linear Switched Reluctance Actuator For Positioning Tasks", Turk J Elec Eng & Comp Sci, Vol.18, No.6, 2010.
[2]. R Krishnan, Switched Reluctance Motor Drives: Modeling, Simulation, Analysis, Design, and Applications, 1st ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC, 2001, pp.
[3]. Lee, Byeong-Seok, Han-Kyung Bae, Praveen Vijayraghavan, and R. Krishnan, "Design of a linear switched reluctance machine", in Conf. Rec. of the 1999 IEEE IAS Ann. Mtg., Oct. 1999, Phoenix, AZ, pp. 2267–2274.
[4]. Bae, Han-Kyung, Byeong-Seok Lee, Praveen Vijayraghavan, and R. Krishnan, "Linear switched reluctance motor: converter and control", in Conf. Rec. of the 1999 IEEE IAS Ann. Mtg., Oct. 1999, Phoenix, AZ, pp. 547–554.
[5]. B. S. Lee, "Linear switched reluctance machine drives with electromagnetic levitation and guidance systems." Ph.D. thesis, The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech., Blacksburg, VA, November 2000.

Abstract: Pick and place robotic Arms are used widely in Industrial application for over a decade. These robots are generally capable of sensing the appearance of object using proximity sensors and placing it in a commanded pallet. In this paper a same type of Robotic Arm is used, but as development in image processing technique, this Robot is capable of sensing the object's Length, width and Radius using Vision system. The main objective here is to develop a special program to find the edges of an object in the image and to display its dimension. That can be used for sorting an exact object based on pattern matching technique using web camera. The application of this project also can be used in fields such as industry, military, medical and so on. Image processing are basically done in two techniques one is based on Hardware, such as ARM microcontrollers, another method is software based that is using softwares like MATLAB, LABVIEW. Here I have used second method to process the image.Objects dimension are found using LabVIEW's special library tool. Simulation has been successfully taken to find the height and width of the object.

Key words: Image Processing, Pattern Matching, Robotic Arm, Object Dimension, Labview IMAQ library.

[1]. http://www.engineersgarage.com/articles/image-processing-tutorial-applications
[2]. IMAQ Vision for LabVIEWUser Manual August 2004 edition.
[3]. Roland Szabo, Ioan Lie "Automated Colored Object Sorting Application for Robotic Arms" 2012 IEEE.
[4]. Wong Guan Hao, Yap Yee Leck and Lim Chot Hun "6-DOF PC-BASED ROBOTIC ARM (PC-ROBOARM) WITH EFFICIENT TRAJECTORY PLANNING AND SPEED CONTROL" 2011 4th International Conference on Mechatronics (ICOM), 17-19 May 2011, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
[5]. Yong Zhang, Brandon K. Chen, Xinyu Liu, Yu Sun "Autonomous Robotic Pick-and-Place of Microobjects" IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ROBOTICS, VOL. 26, NO. 1, FEBRUARY 2010.

Abstract: This paper presents the design of a universal active Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) filter with the help of an active component known as Voltage Differencing Transconductance Amplifier (VDTA). Our research elaborates VDTA in detail and its various aspects, such as its concept, construction, parameters, advantages, application etc. The VDTA active block shall be utilized in the design of an active filter. The filter shall be designed in order to perform multiple filtering operations, such as low pass, high pass and bandpass without changing the circuit configuration and without need of an external passive resistor.

Keywords: Continuous time active filters, current controlled current conveyor, current controlled transconductance amplifier, current differencing transconductance amplifier, current follower transconductance amplifier, multiple input multiple output, voltage-differencing transconductance amplifier.

[1]. Biolek D, Senani R, Biolkova V, Kolka Z. Active elements for analog signal processing: classification, review, and new proposals. Radioengineering 2008;17:15–32.
[2]. Biolek D. CDTA-building block for current-mode analog signal processing. In: Proceeding of the ECCTD'03, Krakow, Poland, 2003;III: p. 397–400.
[3]. Prokop R, Musil V. New modern circuit block CCTA and some its applications. In: Proceedings of the 14th Int. Scientific andApplied Science Conf. Electronics (ET'2005), Sozopol, Bulgaria, 2005; p. 93–98.
[4]. Pandey N, Paul SK, Differential difference current conveyor transconductance amplifier: a new analog building block for signal processing, J. Electr.Comput. Eng. 2011 (2011) 10. Article ID 361384.
[5]. Yesil A, Kacar F, Kuntman H. New simple CMOS realization of voltage differencing transconductance amplifier and its RF filter application. Radioengineering 2011;632–7.

Abstract: This project aims to develop a simple model of autonomous control of the interlinking converter in hybrid ac-dc microgrid (MG). In the last several years, efforts toward the standardization of these MGs have been made. Various renewable and non-conventional microsources made by DG, an alternative option for modern electrical grids. The microgrid concept reduce multiple reverse conversions in an AC or DC grid and also make a possibilities of connections to variable AC and DC renewable sources and loads to power system. The interconnection of DGs to the grid through power electronic converters has provided safe operation and protection of equipment. The objective is to make the hybrid microgrid in autonomous operation by ensure proper active power sharing proportionally among its DG's. Power sharing considered depend only on the source ratings within the hybrid microgrid, where the existing schemes are mostly for an ac or a dc microgrid, but not both in co-existence. A suitable control scheme developed for controlling the interlinking converter to share active power proportionally among its distributed sources (DG's) and will be verified by MATLAB simulation.

Keywords: Droop control, Frequency variation, Hybrid microgrid, Interlinking converter, Renewable energy source, Voltage deviation.

[1]. F. Mura, C. Meyer, and R. W. De Doncker, Stability analysis of highpower dc grids, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 584–592, Mar./Apr. 2010.
[2]. P. C. Loh and F. Blaabjerg, Autonomous control of distributed storages in microgrids, in Proc. IEEE ICPE, 2011, pp. 536–542.
[3]. H. Farhangi, The path of the smart grid, IEEE Power Energy Mag., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 18–28, Jan./Feb. 2010.
[4]. Y. Ito, Y. Zhongqing, and H. Akagi, DC micro-grid based distribution power generation system, in Proc. IEEE IPEMC, 2004, vol. 3, pp. 1740–1745.
[5]. B. Kroposki, T. Basso, and R. DeBlasio, Microgrid standards and technologies, in Proc. IEEE PES Gen. Meet., 2009, pp. 1–4.
[6]. Poh Chiang Loh, Ding Li, Yi Kang Chai, and Frede Blaabjerg, Autonomous Control of Interlinking ConverterWith Energy Storage in Hybrid AC–DC Microgrid, IEEE transactions on industry applications, vol. 49, no. 3, May/June 2013.
[7]. H. Nikkhajoei and R. H. Lasseter, Distributed generation interface to the CERTS microgrid, IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 1598–1608, Jul. 2009.

Abstract: The implementation of a Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) dot matrix moving message display system which show a text containing 23 characters (i.e., GREAT DEPT. OF ELECT. ENGRG) is achieved in this work using a PIC16F648A Microcontroller, The microcontroller is programmed using Assembly language, with MPLAB software and a PIC Programmer .The LEDs are controlled by signals from the microcontroller and decade counters in a sequential manner which results in the moving message. In this work, we make use of a 49*8 dot matrix display made up of 392 low power Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). The connection is done in such a way that the cathodes of all the LEDs on a particular column are connected together while the anodes of all the LEDs on a particular row are also connected together.

[1]. Fahmy, F. H., Sadek, S. M., Ahamed, N. M., Zahran, M. B. and Nafeh, A. A., Microcontroller-Based Moving Message Display powered by Photovoltaic Energy In: International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality, Spain .2010 [Online], Available: http://www.icrepq.com/icrepq'10/726-Sadek. pdf[ visited 2010, July 1]
[2]. Gupta, J.B., A Course in Electronics and Electrical measurements and instrumentation (13th Edition, S.K.kataria &Son, inc, New Delhi, 2008)
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[4]. CD4017B Data Sheet (1999). [Online] Available: http://www.datasheetsdir.com/cd4017+download [visited 2010, July1]
[5]. Mmom, W. ,Design of Wireless Bulletin Board, Final year Electrical Engineering Project, Faculty of Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria, 2008.

Abstract: A fuzzy control system to control the position of a DC motor. The motor was modelled and converted to a subsystem in Simulink. First, a crisp proportional-derivative (PD) controller was designed and tuned using a Simulink block instead of conventional tuning methods such as hand-tuning or Ziegler-Nichols frequency response method. Then a fuzzy proportional-derivative (FPD) controller was designed and system responses of FPDs with different defuzzification methods were investigated. A disturbance signal was also applied to the input of the control system. FPD controller succeeded to reject the disturbance signal without further tuning of the parameters whereby crisp PD controller failed.

[1]. Warwick K. "Control System",Prentice-Hall, 1989.
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Abstract: Propagation models are essential tools for planning and optimization in mobile radio networks. They enable the evaluation of the signal strength received by a mobile terminal with respect to a distance of a given base station. And through a link budget, it is possible to calculate the coverage radius of the cell and plan the number of cells required to cover a given area. This paper takes into account the standard model K factor then uses a genetic algorithm to develop a propagation model adapted to the physical environment of the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon. Radio measurements were made on the CDMA2000 1X-EVDO network of the operator CAMTEL. Calculating the root mean squared error (RMSE) between the actual measurement data and radio data from the prediction model developed allows validation of the results. A comparative study is made between the value of the RMSE obtained by the new model and those obtained by the standard model of OKUMURA HATA. We can conclude that the new model is better and more representative of our local environment than that of OKUMURA HATA. The new model obtained can be used for radio planning in the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon.

Keywords: Drive test, genetic algorithm, propagation models, root mean square error.

[1]. Chhaya Dalela, and all « tuning of Cost231 Hata modele for radio wave propagation prediction », Academy & Industry Research Collaboration Center, May 2012.
[2]. Medeisis and Kajackas « The tuned Okumura Hata model in urban and rural zones at Lituania at 160, 450, 900 and 1800 MHz bands », Vehicular Technology Conference Proceedings, VTC 2000-Spring Tokyo. IEEE 51st Volume 3 Pages 1815 – 1818, 2000.
[3]. Prasad and al « Tuning of COST-231Hata model based on various data sets generated over various regions of India »,
[4]. Mardeni &Priya and All, optimized COST-231 Hata model to predict path loss for suburban and open urban environments in the 2360-2390MHz, Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 13, 91-106, 2010.
[5]. MingjingYang; and al « A Linear Least Square Method of Propagation Model Tuning for 3G Radio Network Planning », Natural Computation, 2008. ICNC '08. Fourth International Conference on Vol. 5, pages 150 – 154, 2008.

Abstract: This paper presents a novel method for optimal location of FACTS controllers in a multi machine power system using Fuzzy Controlled Genetic Algorithm (FCGA). Using the proposed method, the location of FACTS controller, their type and rated values are optimized simultaneously. Among the various FACTS controllers, Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) and Unified power Flow Controller (UPFC) are considered. The proposed algorithm is an effective method for finding the optimal choice and location of FACTS controller and also in minimizing the overall system cost, which comprises of generation cost and investment cost of FACTS controller using Genetic Algorithm, Fuzzy Logic and conventional NR power flow method.

[1]. MithunBhaskar M, SrinivasMuthyala and SyduluMaheswarapu, "Security Constraint Optimal Power Flow (SCOPF) – A Comprehensive Survey", International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol. 11, No.6, pp. 42-52, Dec 2010.
[2]. K. Mani Chandy, Steven H. Low, UfukTopcu and HuanXu, "A Simple Optimal Power Flow Model with Energy Storage", In Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Atlanta, pp. 1051-1057, Dec 2010.
[3]. BrahimGasboui and BoumedieneAllaoua, "Ant Colony Optimization Applied on Combinatorial Problem for Optimal Power Flow Solution", Leonardo Journal of Sciences, Issue. 14, pp. 1-17, June 2009.
[4]. Hongye Wang, Carlos E. Murillo-Sanchez, Ray D. Zimmerman and Robert J. Thomas, "On Computational Issues of Market-Based Optimal Power Flow", IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 1185-1193, Aug 2007.
[5]. Zwe-Lee Gaing; Rung-Fang Chang, "Security-constrained optimal power flow by mixed-integer genetic algorithm with arithmetic operators", In Proceedings of IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, pp. 1-8, Montreal, 2006.
[6]. TarekBouktir and Linda Slimani, "Optimal Power Flow of the Algerian Electrical Network using an Ant Colony Optimization Method", Leonardo Journal of Sciences, Issue. 7, pp. 43-57, Dec 2005.

Abstract: This paper is related with the importance of the energy policy and renewable energy which play a great role in the development and environmental benefits. India has a vast supply of renewable energy resources and it is one of the largest countries in the world for deploying renewable energy. This paper attempts to review the policies and planning measures undertaken by the Indian government for promotion of renewable energy. Low impact renewable energy (LIRE) technologies offer important benefits compared to conventional energy sources, such as fossil fuels or nuclear power. However due to their uncertainty different kinds of renewable-energy resources need to be operated in an integrated way, which complement each other. Global electricity demand is expected to increase considerably during the next decade and at the same time environmental pollution is also increasing with the development of conventional energy source. To meet the challenges for global energy demand various support schemes, policies and planning to promote use of renewable energy sources are discussed in this paper.

Keywords: renewable energy policy, energy planning

[1]. P.K.Katti, M. K. Khedka, "Fostering the use of low impact renewable energy technologies for sustainable power supply Co-Gen 2007," organised by Institution of Engineers (India) Nagpur centre Maharashtra held during 13-14-April 2007.
[2]. Andrew Pape-Salmon, Jonathan Dogterom, Carissa Wieler, Mark Anielski, "Low-Impact Renewable Energy Policy in Canada: Strengths, Gaps and a Path Forward," final report Prepared by: Pembina Institute -Canada pp: 1-78, February, 2003.
[3]. Curtis Johnston: "Opportunities and Challenges for Renewable Energy Development in British Columbia: Policy Instruments to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Provincial Electricity Sector Honours Thesis: Final Report.".
[4]. N.van Beeck, "Classification of energy models," Tilburg University and Eindhoven University of Technology, May 1999.
[5]. Mukhtar H. Sahir and Arshad H. Qureshi, "Energy modeling applications for analysis of policy options - an overview," Proc. Of the 6th WSEAS Int. Conference on Simulation, Modeling and Optimization, Lisbon, Portugal, September 22-24, 2006.
[6]. CEEESA, "ENPEP", Center for Energy, "Environmental, and Economic Systems Analysis, Argonne National Laboratory," Argonne, Illinois, USA.
[7]. Juan Quintanilla Martinez, "Energy and Emissions Long Term Outlook - A Detailed Simulation of Energy Supply-Demand," Mexican-US Economic and Environmental Modeling Workshop, Mexico City, July 11-12, 2005.
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Abstract: This paperfocuses on simulation of high gain, robust soft switchedconverterwithcurrent doubler rectifier schemewhichshallbeapplied for photovoltaic application. The proposed converter system converts variable photovoltaic power into constant dc power with improvement in current rating.In this paper the simulation results of soft switched converter for photovoltaic is shown. Since PV module acts as voltage source at open circuit and current source at short circuit therefore to extract maximum power Maximum Power Point Tracing (MPPT) algorithm is implemented. To increases PV voltage to desired level boost converter is also implemented. The simulation is carried out on SIMULINK/Sim power systems.

Keywords: PV-constant DC conversion, soft-switching, current doubler, Boost converter, converter model in SimPowerSystems.

[1]. Moisseev S, Sato S, Hamada S, Nakaoka M, Full bridge soft-switching phase-shifted PWM DC-DC converter using tapped inductor filter, Power Electronics Specialist Conference, PESC '03,2003, IEEE 34th International Conference , 15-19 June 2003, vol.4, pp.1826 – 1831.
[2]. Tae-Hoon Kim, Seung-Jun Lee, Woojin Choi, Design and control of the phase shift full bridge converter for the on-board battery charger of the electric forklift, Power Electronics and ECCE Asia (ICPE & ECCE), 2011 IEEE 8th International Conference, May 30 2011-June 3 2011, pp.2709 – 2716.
[3]. Abdulkadir M, et al. 2012. Modeling and Simulation based Approach of Photovoltaic system in Simulink model. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 7(5): 616-623.
[4]. AsmarashidPonniran , Abdul Fatah Mat Said, DC-DC Boost Converter Design for Solar Electric System, International Conference on Instrumentation, Control & Automation, October 20-22, 2009, Bandung, Indonesia, pp.210-214.
[5]. S. Sheik Mohammed, Modeling and Simulation of Photovoltaic module using MATLAB/Simulink, International Journal of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, October 2011, Volume 2, No.5