iosr-JEEE   Volume-11 ~ Issue-4 ~ July-August 2016

Abstract: In the analysis of nonlinear, non-stationary signal is better than the traditional wavelet signal analysis method, commonly used in this kind of signal singular value point detection. Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is the core of the analysis method, but EMD in the original HHT method exists end effect in decomposition process, the decomposition of intrinsic mode functions IMF serious distort, greatly affected the accuracy of the fault line selection, by extension on the endpoint can inhibit the effect of the end point............
Key Words: Small current grounding system; Hilbert-Huang transform; end effect; fault line selection

[1] Xu Qingshan. Power system fault diagnosis and fault restoration Beijing China Electric Power Press,2007.
[2] Huang Daji and Zhao jinping. Practical implementation of the Hilbert-Huang transform algorithm. ACTA OCEANOLOGICA
SINICA, 2003,25,1.
[3] Gabriel Rilling, Patrick Flandrin and Paulo Goncalves. On Empirical Mode Decomposition And Its Alglrithms. IEEE Sig. Proc. Lett,
2003.
[4] Huang S J, Hsieh C T. High Impedance Fault Detection Utilizing a Morlet Wavelet Transform Approach. IEEE Trans. on Power
Delivery,1999, 14(4):1401-1410.
[5] Thomas Baldwin, Frank Renovich. Fault Locating in Ungrounded and High Resistance Grounded Systems. IEEE Trans. on Industry
Application, 2001,37(4):1152-11159

Abstract: Most of the industrial electrical loads are inductive in nature. The operation of the inductive leads to reduced power factor in the power system. Decrease in power factor increases the electricity bill. In this paper crane industry with different duty types are analyzed for power factor improvement. Also an innovative reactive power control method is proposed to improve power factor. Simulations are carried out with Matlab-simulink and output results are shown.

Index Terms: Crane, duty types, power factor, electricity bill, power system

[1] J.S. Moghani and Heidari, High efficient low cost induction motor drive for residential applications,SPEEDAM 2006. Taormina, May 2006, 1399-1402.
[2] YM. Irwan ; M. Irwanto ; I. SafwatiImprovement of induction machine performance using power factor correction , Electrical System Engineering Department,, tahan, 21-22 June 2011, 472 - 476
[3] E. Muljadi ; Dept. of Electr. Eng., California State Univ., USA ; T. A. Lipo ; D. W. NovotnyPower factor enhancement of induction machines by means of solid-state excitationIEEE Transactions, 06 August 2002 , 409 – 418.
[4] A. El Fadili ; EMI, LAII, Rabat, Marocco, France ; F. Giri ; A. El Magri ; L. DugardInduction motor control in presence of magnetic saturation Speed regulation and power factor correction, June 2011, San Francisco, 5406 – 5411.
[5] Eel-Hwan Kim ; Cheju Nat. Univ., South Korea ; Jae-Hong Kim ; Gil-Su Lee , Power factor control of a doubly fed induction machine using fuzzy logic, 2001, Shenyang, Aug 2001 747 - 750

Abstract: This paper presents a new hybridization between MoM-GEC and a MultiResolution analysis (MR) which is based on the use of wavelets functions as trial functions. The proposed approach is developed to speed up convergence, alleviate calculation and then provide a considerable gain in requirements (processing time and memory storage) because it generates a sparse linear system. The approach consists in calculating the total current and input impedance on an invariant metallic pattern through two steps.The first one consists in expressing the boundary...........

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[3]. B. Z. Steinberg and Y. Leviatan, ―On the use of wavelet expansions in the method of moments, ―IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propag.Vol 41 N°5, pp. 610-619, 1993.
[4]. X. Zhu, T. Sogaru and L. Carin, ―Three-dimensional biorthogonalmultiresolution time-domain method and its application to electromagnetic scattering problems, ―IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propag.Vol 51, N°5, pp. 1085-1092, May 2003.
[5]. C.K.CHUI, and E. QUAK,‖Wavelets on a bounded interval,‖ in BRAESS, D., and SCHUMAKER, C.L. (eds.): ‗Numerical methods of approximation theory', Vol. 9, pp. 53-75, 1992.

Abstract: Multilevel converters, a new breed of power converters have been under research and development for more than three decades and have found successful in various medium and high power industrial applications. However, this is still a technology under development, and many new contributions and new commercial topologies have been reported in the last few years. The general structure of the multilevel converter is to synthesize a sinusoidal voltage from several levels of dc voltage. This paper presents the design of neutral-point-clamped multilevel converter employing sinusoidal pulse width modulation control technique which is simulated using MATLAB/ Simulink.........

Keywords: Power quality; improved power quality converters; multilevel converters; harmonics compensation; voltage unbalancing

[1]. M. Bollen, Understanding Power Quality Problems: Voltage Sags and Interruptions, New York, Wiley-IEEE Press, 1999
[2]. R. C. Dugan, M. F. Granaghan, S. Santoso, and H. W. Beaty, Electrical Power Systems Quality, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill, 2004.
[3]. IEEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonics Control in Electric Power Systems, IEEE std. 519, 1992.
[4]. Akagi H., "New Trends in active filters for power conditioning," IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications, vol. 32, Nov./Dec. 1996, pp. 1312-1322
[5]. El-Habrouk M., Darwish M. K., and Mehta P., "Active power filters: a review", Proc. IEEE Electric Power Applications, vol. 147, pp. 493-513, Sept. 2000.

Abstract: In image processing algorithms the wavelet transform is widely used in image processing algorithms. In this paper two wavelet compression techniques are applied on the image. The image compression is performed using EZW and SPIHT wavelet based compression techniques. A good flexibility to a wide range of data have presented in wavelet compression, while being of reasonable complexity. These techniques are more efficient and provide a better quality in the image. The different techniques are compared by using the performance parameters (1)Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), (2) Mean Square Error (MSE), (3) Compression Ratio (CR) and (4) Bit rate (BR) at different threshold value. These parameters are observed to know which technique is better for image compression in wavelet. It is observed that compression ratio for SPIHT is better as compared to compression ratio of EZW.

Keywords: EZW, MSE, PSNR,SPIHT.

[1]. Ahmed N. T., Natarajan and K. R. Rao, "On image processing and discrete cosine transform", IEEE Trans. Medical Imaging, vol C-23, pp. 90-93, 1974.

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[4]. A.R. Calder bank, I. Daubechies, W. Seldens, B.L. YEo, "wavelet transform that map integers to integer", Applied and computational harmonic analysis, vol.5, No.3, July 1998, pp.332-369. (Pubitemid128424411) Said, W.A. Pearlman, "A new fast and efficent image codec based on set partitioning in Hierarchical trees", IEEE Trans. On circuits and systems for video technology, vol.6, No.3, PP.243-250, June.1996

[5]. W.Sweldens., "The lifting scheme: A custom design construction of Bi orthogonal wavelets", Applied and computational harmonic analysis,Vol.3, April 1996, pp.186-200. (Pubitemid 126375198)

Abstract: The problems with electrical power distribution coupled with its unavailability and uncertainty when urgently needed has led many households to seek alternative sources of energy. An alternative often sought is power generation based on fossil fuel, which is expensive and negatively impact on the environment. Although, solar is favoured as viable source of energy, the output voltage and current from photovoltaic solar panels are not constant but varies with time of day, geographical location and inclination or tilting angle. Therefore, there is a need to experimentally observe these factors influencing solar output in a locality of interest for better solar power system design.................

Keywords: Energy consumption, photovoltaic, PV tilt, solar panel, inclination angle, solar radiation

[1]. M. S. Okundamiya and O. Omorogiuwa, "Viability of a Photovoltaic-diesel-battery hybrid power system in Nigeria," Iranica Journal of Energy and Environment, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 5-12, 2015.
[2]. M. A. Rosen, "Energy sustainability: A pragmatic approach and illustartion," Sustainability, vol. 1, pp. 55-80, 30 March 2009.
[3]. O. Awogbemi, I. O. Oluwaleye and C. A. Komolafe, "A survey of solar energy utilization for sustainable development in Nigeria," Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology, vol. 2, no. 7, pp. 1716-1724, 2015.
[4]. K. Solangi, M. Islam, R. Saidur, N. Rahim and H. Fayaz, "A review on global solar energy policy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. XV, p. 2149–2163, 2011.
[5]. E. Calabro, "Determining optimum tilt angles of photovoltaic panels at typical north-tropical latitude," Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, vol. 1, no. 3, p. 033104, 2009.

Abstract: Wireless sensor networks are built upon a shared medium that makes it easy for adversaries to conduct radio interference, or jamming, attacks that effectively cause a denial of service of either transmission or reception functionalities. These attacks can easily be accomplished by an adversary by either bypassing MAC-layer protocols or emitting a radio signal targeted at jamming a particular channel. Smart grids have been drawing increasing attention on physical infrastructures. It has broad application for time critical message delivery in wireless networking..............

Keywords: Time critical messages, Smart grid, Jamming attacks, Wireless networks

[1] P. Sudha , K.Durairaj, "From Jammer to Gambler: Modeling and Detection of Jamming Attacks against time Critical Traffic "IEEE, March 2015.
[2] Prakash J.Parmar, Sachin D. Babar, "Survey of jamming Attacks and Techniques in wireless sensor Networks ",IJOAR,Aug 2014.
[3] Gavali S.B, Gavali A.B, Patil D.S, "Review on Packet Hiding : A new Paradigm for Avoiding Jamming Attack over Wireless Network", 2014.
[4] Divya S. Manoher Gosul, "Jamming Attack Prevention in Wireless Networks using Packet Hiding Methods", IOSCJCE, September 2014.
[5] Upma Goyal, Mansi Gupta and Karanveer Kaur, "Meliorated Detection Mechanism for the Detection of Physical Jamming Attacks under AODV and DSR Protocol in MANETS ", Oct 2014

Abstract: This work describes a mathematical model developed to identify solar radiation and ambient temperature patterns in Bogota, Colombia, using autoregressive modeling with exogenous inputs (ARX). The solar radiation data and temperature used in the model were taken from the meteorological stations of Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano and Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales – IDEAM from Colombia; for a period of 5 years (2011-2015)............

Keywords: Virtual instrumentation, ARX model, radiation and temperature

[1]. M.C. Di Vincenzo, D. Infield, Detailed PV array model for non-uniform irra- diance and its validation against experimental data, Sol. Energy 97 (2013) 314e331.
[2]. W. Teixeira da Costa, J. Farias Fardin, L. de Vilhena, B. Machado Neto, Domi- ngos Sa vio Lyrio Simonetti, Estimation of irradiance and temperature using photovoltaic modules, Sol. Energy 110 (2014) 132e138.
[3]. I. Visa, B. Burduhos, M. Neagoe, M. Moldovan, A. Duta, Comparative analysis of the infield response of five types of photovoltaic modules, Renewable Energy 95 (2016) 178:190.
[4]. T. Zhou, W. Sun. Study on maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic array in irregular shadow. Electrical Power and Energy Systems 66 (2015), 227-234.
[5]. Zhou L, Wu J, Li QH. Survey of maximum power point tracking techniques for photovoltaic array. High Voltage Eng 2008; 34(6):1145–54.

Abstract: Finding and designing new methods for determining type and exact location of faults in power system has been a major subject for power system protection. One of the main capabilities that can improve the efficiency of new protection relays in power systems is fault location. In this paper wavelet transform along with neural networks is used for determiningfault location in Transmission lines. In the present work, theauthors have developed an algorithm for locating eleven types offaults over a 100% of line length.............

Keywords: Fault Location, Neural Networks, Transmission Line, Wavelet Transform

[1]. Jamal Moshtagh, R. K. Aggarwal, "A New Approach To Ungrounded Fault Location In A Three-Phase Underground Distribution System Using Combined Neural Networks & Wavelet Analysis", IEEE CCECE/CCGEI, Ottawa, May 2006
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[3]. Anamika Jain, "Artificial Neural Network-Based Fault Distance Locator For Double-Circuit Transmission Lines", Hindawi Publishing Corporation Advances In Artificial Intelligence, Volume 2013, Article ID 271865, 12 Pages
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[5]. Zeng Xiangjun,WangYuanyuan and Xu Yao, "Faults Detection For Power Systems", IAS Annual meeting, (IEEE Industry Application Society) New Orleans, LA, pp 71-118

Abstract: In this paper, a high gain broadband low noise amplifier with flat power gain is designed for using in the wireless systems in frequency range of 2-5.5 GHz. This LNA is designed employing two pHEMT devices which are in cascode while using current reuse structure. The low noise amplifier which is unconditionally stable in the over frequency range of 2-5.5 GHz, is achieved to have maximum power gain of 28.28 dB at 2.25 GHz. Minimum noise figure of the LNA is 0.939 dB. Maximum of input return loss, output return loss and reverse isolation are less than – 10.15 dB, less than – 10.53 dB and below – 39.18, respectively. The LNA consumes DC power of 54.92 mw. The figure of merit (FOM) of proposed broadband LNA was calculated that shows good improvement compared with other works..............

Keywords: Cascode, Current Reuse Technique, Inter-stage Matching Network, Low Noise Amplifier, Negative Feedback.

[1]. D. M. Pozar, Microwave engineering (4th edition, Amherst: John Wiley & Sons, 2011).
[2]. VMMK-1225 Datasheet, 0.5 to 26 GHz Low Noise E-PHEMT in a Wafer Scale Package, Avago Technologies, jan. 2014.
[3]. VMMK-1225 Applications Information, Avago Technologies, aug. 2010.
[4]. A. N. Ragheb, G. A. Fahmy, I. Ashour, A. Ammar, A 3.1-10.6 GHz Low Power High Gain UWB LNA Using Current Reuse
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Abstract: This paper deals with the implementation of automatic power factor correction system using solid state switched capacitors and Arduino UNO controller. The main objectives are to reduce the line loss, to reduce reactive power flows on the line and to avoid switching surge overvoltage due to switching on/off the capacitors. This paper describes the design and simulation of power factor correction using Arduino UNO controller. The power factor from the load is measured by using zero crossing circuit and phase shift detector, and then calculated the power factor according to the program and LCD will be used for display..............

Keywords: Power Factor, LM358, CD4070 BC, LCD, C language, Proteus7.7, Arduino UNO microcontroller.

[1]. A.Bhatia, 2012, "Power Factor in Electrical Energy Management", 5272 Meadow Estates Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030-6658, Phone & Fax: 703-988-0088, www.PDHonline.org , www.PDHcenter.com.
[2]. NOKIAN CAPACITORS, September, 2015, "Power Factor Correction",
[3]. Tel: +358 3 388 311, Telefax: +358 3 3883 360, (http://www.nokiancapacitors.com).
[4]. Aashish, G., neharikaKapil and Sheila, M., 2014, "Implementation of Thyristor Switched Capacitors for Power Factor Improvement", ISSN 2231-1297, Volume 4, Number 3, 2014.
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Abstract: Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniquesare used in photovoltaic (PV) systems to maximize the PV array output power by tracking continuously the maximum power point (MPP) in the P-V curve of a photovoltaic array.The maximum power is tracked with respect to temperature and irradiance levels by using DC-DC converter. The perturbation and observation(P&O) and Incremental Conductance(INC)algorithms are applied here for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) purpose. These algorithms are selecteddue to its ability to withstand against any parameter variation and having high efficiency as well as ease of implementation...........

Keywords: Maximum power point tracking (MP PT), Perturb and Observe (P&O), Incremental Conductance (INC), Photovoltaic (PV), DC-DC converter.

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[4]. I. Batarseh, T. Kasparis, K. Rustom, W. Qiu, N. Pongratananukul, and W. Wu, ―DSP-based multiple peak power tracking for expandable power system‖, in proc. 18thannu. IEEE applied power electronics conf. expo, vol. 1, Feb. 2003, pp. 525-530.
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