iosr-JEEE   Volume-12 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2017

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the development of Fuzzy Kalman filet for target tracking problems. The approach is relatively novel. A Comparison with Kalman filter is carried out. The performance both the filters is evaluated and it is found that Fuzzy Kalman filter shows better performance as compared Kalman filtero the wrong goods accessing from the vehicle will on the buzzer indication and the message will be send to the concerned person via GSM.
Key Words: Target tracking, Fuzzy logic, Fuzzy Kalman filter, Kalman filter, Performance evaluation

[1]. Passino, K.M. & Yurkovich S. Fuzzy control. Addison-Wesley, 1998.
[2]. Kashyap, S.K. & Raol, J.R. Unification and interpretation of fuzzy set operations. In CCECECCGEI, IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ottawa, Canada, May 2006. pp. 353-58.
[3]. Kashyap, S.K. & Raol, J.R. Interpretation and unification of fuzzy set operations and implications, accepted for publication in Journal of Systems, Science and Engineering (JSSE), Systems Society of India, VSSC, Thiruvananthapuram, India.
[4]. Raol, J.R.; Girija, G. & Singh, Jatinder. Modelling and parameter estimation of dynamic systems. In IEE Control Engineering Series Book, Vol. 65 IEE, London, August 2004.
[5]. Klein, L.A. Sensor and data fusion: A tool for information assessment and decision making. SPIE Press, Washington, USA, 2004.

Abstract: The main objective of the study is to provide alternate lightning system by using solar energy. The system taken for study consists of a Solar panel of 10W, a 12 V battery, a Solar charge controller, Multi vibrator IC(CD 4047),MOSFET(IRF Z44N),Step down transformer(12-0-12). It provides solution to the gap between energy demand and energy availability. The charge controller maintain the flow of charge to the battery i.e, it provides protection against the overcharging and deep discharging of the battery...........
Key Words: Inverter, battery, charge controller, transformer

[1]. Alkos Baldauf,"A smart home demand-side management system considering solar photovoltaic generation", IEEE 2015 5th International Youth Conference on the Development in the Renewable Energy Technology (ICDRET)
[2]. Taoufiku Islam; M. Abdul Awal."Efficient Load and Charging Method for Solar Powered Home Lighting System", IEEE 2014 3rd International Conference on the Developments in Renewable Energy Technology(ICDRET), Pages:1-3
[3]. Biswajit Biswas, Sujoy Mukherjee, "A Comparative Study of Low Cost Solar Based Lighting System and Fuel Based
[4]. Lighting System for Remote off Grid Location in India", International Journal of Modern Engineering Research(IJMER), Vol. 3, Issue. 5, September 2013, 2249- 6645
[5]. A. S. Werulkar; P. S. Kulkarni. "Design of a solar charge controller with microcontroller based soft switching buck converter", IEEE 2012 International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems (PEDES).

Abstract: This paper discusses the theory and operation of Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) and explains the implementation of SVPWM for the two level inverter topology.Variable voltages and frequency supply to ac drives is invariably obtained from a three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI). A number of Pulse width modulations (PWM) scheme is used to obtain variable voltage and frequency supply. The most widely used PWM schemes for three-phase VSI are carrier-based sinusoidal PWM and SVPWM...........
Key Words: SVPWM, Three phase Two Level VSI, THD

[1]. J. I. León, O. López, L. G. Franquelo, J. Doval-Gandoy, S. Vázquez, J. Alvarez, and F. D. Freijedo, "Multilevel multiphase feed-forward space vector modulation technique," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 2026–2075, Jun. 2010.
[2]. A. M. Hava and E. U¨ n, "Performance analysis of reduced common mode voltage PWM methods and comparison with standard PWM methods for three-phase voltage source inverters," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 241–252, Jan. 2009.
[3]. Aneesh Mohamed A. S., Anish Gopinath, and M. R. Baiju, Member, IEEE, "A Simple Space Vector PWM Generation Scheme for Any General n-Level Inverter", IEEE Transactions on industrial electronics, vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 16-49, may 2009.
[4]. R.H. Zhang, H.T.Wu, C. Du, L.R Zhang, "Hysteresis Space Vector Control for Parallel Active Power Filter", IEEE,2009
[5]. V. S. S. Pavan Kumar Hari and G. Narayanan, "Comparative evaluation of space vector based pulse width modulation techniques in terms of harmonic distortion and switching losses," in Proc. MCDES, May 2008..

Abstract: A theoretical analysis is carried out to study the heat and mass transfer flow of viscous incompressible fluid past an inclined porous plate with the aligned magnetic field and Diffusion-thermo effects. A uniform magnetic field of strength 0 B is applied at an angle with the fluid flow direction. The analytical solutions to the coupled non-linear equations governing the motion are obtained by regular perturbation technique. The effects various material parameters on velocity, temperature, concentration, the rate of mass transfer, the rate of heat transfer and the skin-friction coefficients have been analyzed through graphs and table.
Key Words: Diffusion-thermo effect; Magnetic field; Thermal Radiation; Chemical reaction; Free convection.

[1]. R.J. Gribben, "The Magneto hydrodynamic boundary layer in the presence of pressure gradient". Proc.Royel.Soclondon.1965.Vol.
A287, pp. 123-141.
[2]. Ali F, Khan I, Samiulhaq, S.Shafie. "Conjugate Effects of Heat and Mass Transfer on MHD Free Convection Flow over an Inclined
Plate Embedded in a Porous Medium". PLoS ONE. 2013 Vol.8, pp.1-11.

[3]. G. Palani. "Convection effects on flow past an inclined plate with variable surface temperatures in water at 4 °C". Ann Faculty Eng Hunedora. 2008, Vol.1. pp.75–82
[4]. R.N. Barik, G.C. Dash, P.K. Rath. "Thermal Radiation effect on an unsteady MHD flow past inclined porous heated plate in the presence of chemical reaction and viscous-dissipation".ApplMath Comput.2014. Vol.226, pp.423–434.

[5]. C.H. Chen, "Heat and mass transfer in MHD flow by natural convection from a permeable inclined surface with variable wall temperature and concentration". Acta Mech.2004. Vol.172, pp.219–235.

Abstract: Dynamic power management (DPM) is a well known power optimization technique that aims at reducing the power consumption of a system while maintaining an acceptable performance degradation level. This paper presents a Reinforcement Learning-based dynamic power management framework for extending the battery service lifetime of a system with multiple active modes. In the proposed framework, a Power Manager adapts the system operating mode to the actual battery state of charge based on the observation of the battery output voltage. Moreover, it uses the reinforcement learning technique to accurately define the optimal battery voltage threshold value and use it to control the system active mode............
Key Words: Battery-powered system design, Energy savings, Reinforcement Learning; Dynamic Power Management; Extending battery lifetime.

[1] S.-H. Yi and S.-B. Cho, A battery-aware energy-efficient android phone with bayesian networks, In Ubiquitous Intelligence Computing and 9th International Conference on Autonomic Trusted Computing (UIC/ATC), pp. 204-209, Sept 2012.
[2] I. Konig, A. Q. Memon, and K. David, Energy consumption of the sensors of smartphones, In Wireless communication Systems (ISWCS 2013), pp. 1-5.VDE, 2013.
[3] W. Song, N. Sung, B.-G. Chun, and J. Kim, Reducing energy consumption of smartphones using user-perceived response time analysis, In Proceedings of the 15th Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications, HotMobile '14, pp 20:1-20:6, NY, USA, 2014.
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[5] D. Corujo, M. Lebre, D. Gomes, and R. L. Aguiar, Sensor context information for energy-efficient optimization of wireless procedures, In International Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), pp. 1010-1014, 2011..

Abstract: Typical air quality monitoring system involved the use of expensive instruments often accessed through the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), leading to absence of locale based monitoring system. To address the need this study was conducted utilizing microcontroller (arduino-uno)-MQ2 gas sensor. The initial stage included preliminary development of premade devices, coding, and testing on site. The testing was conducted in the University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines (USTP)-Science complex on March, 2017 with preselected dates. Result showed Rs/Ro ratio within the appreciable range for air quality. Overall, the study served as neo monitoring system for air quality locally and potential use can be maximized. However, it is preliminary in nature and needing improvement
Key Words: microcontroller, arduino, MQ2 gas sensor

[1] Abraham, Sherin, and Xinrong Li. "A cost-effective wireless sensor network system for indoor air quality monitoring applications." Procedia Computer Science 34 (2014): 165-171.
[2] Al-Haija, Q. A., Al-Qadeeb, H., & Al-Lwaimi, A. (2013). Case Study: Monitoring of AIR quality in King Faisal University using a microcontroller and WSN. Procedia Computer Science, 21, 517-521.
[3] Balmes, K. V., Chua, J. M. T., De Jesus, M. A. O., Tan, K. C. O., &Bandala, A. A. (2015, December). Utilization of sensor network for combustible gas detection and monitoring implemented in house hold. In Humanitarian Technology Conference (R10-HTC), 2015 IEEE Region 10 (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
[4] Bhattacharjee, D., Chakraborty, G., &Choudhury, S. (2012). Environment Sensing and Energy Efficient Smart Sensor Switching. International Journal of Computer Applications, 50(23).
[5] Cortez, C. D., Bato, F. C., Bautista, T. J. G., Cantor, J. M. G., Gandionco III, C. L., & Reyes, S. P. (2015). Development of formaldehyde detector. International Journal of Information and Electronics Engineering, 5(5), 385

Abstract: Image encryption is one of the most common and important method of image data encryption. Image encryption deals with applying image encryption algorithms to the sending image and convert it into cipher-image, and only authorized person can decrypt the cipher-image to gent the original image, this done using secret key(s). There are big numbers of encryption techniques including chaos-based schemes, some of them utilize one-dimensional chaotic maps for encryption, and other using two-dimensional or more dimensions chaotic maps. The big challenge in this field is how to generate a cipher-image with smooth normal distribution, in addition that the decrypted image is retrieved with minimum error...........
Key Words: Image Encryption; Image Decryption; Cipher-Image; Decipher-Image; Chaos Techniques.

[1] K. Murali, Yu. Haiyang, V. Varadan, H. Leung, "Secure Communication Using a Chaos Based Signal Encryption Scheme"
Consumer Electronics, IEEE Transactions on Vol. 47, Issue 4, 2001, pp. 709-714.
[2] W. Zhu, Y. Shen, "Encryption Algorithms Using Chaos and CAT Methodology" Anti-Counterfeiting Security and Identification in
Communication (ASID), 2010 International Conference, 2010 , pp. 20 – 23.
[3] V. Patidar, N. K. Pareek , G. Purohit, and K. K. Sud , "A Robust and Secure Chaotic Standard Map Base Pseudorandom
Permutation Substitution Scheme for Image Encryption," Opt. Commun., vol. 284, no. 19, pp. 4331–4339, 2011.
[4] A. Awad, S.E. Assad, and D. Carragata, "A Robust Cryptosystem Based Chaos for Secure Data," IEEE Int. Symp. Image/Video
Commun. over Fixed Mobile Networks, Bilbao, Spain 2008.
[5] N. Zhou, H. Li, D. Wang, S. Pan, Z. Zhou, Image Compression and Encryption Scheme Based on 2D Compressive Sensing and
Fractional Mellin Transform, Opt. Commun. 343 (2015) 10–21.

Abstract: Maintenance scheduling of generating units is considered one of the vital power system problem for providing power in a reliable and economic way. In order to improve the overall availability of the generating units, chances of capacity shortage is to be reduced by performing preventive maintenance at regular intervals. In this paper, Hybrid integer coded Water Wave Optimization (HWWO) Algorithm is proposed for solving thermal unit maintenance scheduling (TUMS) problem. To demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach, two test systems having 4 units and 22 units are considered. The numerical simulation results prove the superiority of the proposed HWWO for solving TUMS problem.
Key Words: Cost minimization, Hybrid integer coded Water Wave Optimization Algorithm, Optimal maintenance schedule, Preventive maintenance, Thermal Unit Maintenance Scheduling

[1] Z.A. Yamayee, Maintenance scheduling: description, literature survey, and interface with overall operations scheduling, IEEE Trans. Power Apparatus and Systems, 101(8), 1982, 2770-2779.
[2] K.P. Dahal and N. Chakpitak, Generator maintenance scheduling in power systems using Metaheuristic based hybrid approaches, Electric Power System Research, 77, 2007, 771-779.
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Abstract: With the improvements of VLSI design in FPGA, the application areas got wider. The FPGAs architectural developments afford FPGA developers to produce effective devices day-by-day. Today these applications wider from commercial-applications to cloud server, artificial intelligence, defense, medical, etc. In this paper, the various and recent trends and improvements of FPGA are produced. By System-on-chip development by using FPGA made easy the advancements in optical interconnects, hardware accelerators and controllers. The developers promote FPGA in photonics network and new architectures to provide speed and user defined specifications.............
Key Words: Field-programmable gate array (FPGA), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC), cloud servers, System-on-chip (SoC), wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and Internet of Things (IoT).

[1] "Recent Trends in FPGA Architectures and Application" published by P.H.W. Leong, University of Sydney.
[2] "Recent Trends in FPGA Drive Adoption in Mil Apps" published by John Wranouics, Curtiss-Wright.
[3] "Today FPGA trends in aerospace and defence applications involve security, tools and specification" published by John Keller.
[4] "FPGA Trends Fuel Defence Design Organisation Rethink" published by J. Ryan Kenny, Altera.
[5] Special Issue "FPGA and SoC Devices Applied to new Trends in Image/ Video and Signal Processing Fields" by Dr. Ignacio Bravo-Munoz, Dr. Alferedo Gardel-Vincente, Prof. Dr. Jose L. Lazaro-Galileo

Abstract: Optimum usage of the available resources for the spacecraft electric power system is the main key for success for the satellite EPS design process. Furthermore, implementing modular design of the satellite EPS improves the operation of the satellite because it (i) enables the EPS to work on different power levels, (ii) enhances the EPS integration with various payloads, and (iii) decreases design modifications required to operate the EPS on missions regardless of the height and duration of these missions............
Key Words: Satellite power control– Shunt regulator – S3R

[1] Spacecraft power systems, Mukund R. Patel, CRC Press 2004
[2] A. Garrigós, J.A. Carrasco, J. M. Blanes, E. Sanchis-Kilders, "A new Sequential Switching Shunt Regulator –Digital Shunt Regulator (S3R-DSR) for solar array regulators", 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics
[3] Space mission analysis and design, Wiley J.Larson, Microcosm Press 2005.
[4] Simulating spacecraft systems, Jens Eickhoff, Springer 2009
[5] A. Garrigós, J. M. Blanes, J.A. Carrasco, J. B. Ejea, "Influence of the parasitic solar array capacitance in the Sequential Switching Shunt Series Regulator", 13th IEEE Mediterranean Electro-technical Conference, Benalmadena, Spain, 2006.

Abstract: This work provides lucid explanation of cloud computing, it's components and characteristics. It provides a detailed account of the history of cloud computing and the extent it has been adopted in Africa amidst the economic and infrastructural challenges. A detailed survey of the adoption of this technology in different establishment and coalition in Nigeria was discussed. It was observed that despite the eminent challenges faced in a developing Country like Nigeria, deployment of cloud computing had commenced, and was thriving in finance, business and oil sectors of the country. Suggestions on expanding participants of cloud computing to include small and medium scale enterprises, health sector and others were proffered.

[1] Barnatt, C. (2010). A Brief Guide to Cloud Computing. Constable & Robinson Limited.
[2] Brooks, C. (2010, June). Amazon's early efforts at cloud computing? Partly accidental. IT Knowledge Exchange. TechTarget. Retrieved January 2013 from: http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/cloud-computing/2010/06/17/amazons-early-efforts-at-cloud-computing-partly-accidental/
[3] Carapinha, J. (2010, December). Network Virtualisation – Opportunities and Challenges. Eurescom. Retrieved February 2013 from: http://archive.eurescom.eu/~pub/deliverables/documents/P1900-series/P1956/D1/P1956-D1.pdf
[4] Cruz, X. (2012, October). The State of Cloud Computing Around the World: South Africa. Cloud Times. Retrieved April 2013 from: http://cloudtimes.org/2012/10/08/the-state-of-cloud-computing-around-the-world-south-africa/
[5] Gabrielsson, J., Hubertsson, O., Mas, I., & Skog, R. (2010). Cloud computing in Telecommunications. Ericsson Review pages 29-33, Volume 1, 2010. Retrieved February 2013 from:.

Abstract: The dimensional values. It reduced image data size by using a length coding and without loss of data values . The results of the samples used after comparing the importance of using and distinguish the images In this research, the artificial neural network was used for the purpose of distinguishing the medical images used and increasing the efficiency of the network and comparing them with the compression method for images without using the network. In order to comprehension of the integrated ideas and concepts related to research designed educational program relative to the design model (Hannfa ) as one of the educational models in instructional design
Key Words: Algorithm , length coding , fractal, neural network, compression

[1] A. D. Zane, "A Neural Network Approach to Discrete Hartler and Fourier Transforms",IEEE Transactions on Circuit and Systems, Vol. 36, No. 5, pp. 695-702, 2012.
[2] H. J. Reitboeck and J. Altman, "A Model for Size- and Rotation-Invariant Pattern Processing in the Visual System", Biological Cybernetics, Vol. 51, pp. 113-121,1998.
[3] B. B. Mandelbrot, "The fractal geometry of nature", Freeman, San Francisco , (1993).
[4] B. B. Mandelbrot, "Fractional Brownian motions, fractional noises and applications", SIAM Review 10(40) , 1998.
[5] D. Comis, "Fractals Abridge to the future for soil science", Agricultural Research Magazine 46(4), pp. 10-13, 2009..

Abstract: Renewable Energy becomes a vital part in modern power system because of; continuous increase of energy demand, global regulations about Co2 emissions, and the slash of the renewable energy prices. Wind energy is a great choice for it is reliability and sustainability. Jordan is a small and ambitious country trying to embrace renewable energy. Jordan Wind Farm (JWF) is the first wind power generation project in Jordan was carried out in Tafilah city. JWF consists of 38 ×3 MW and is connected to 132kV network. Wind energy projects are expected to grow rapidly to fulfill the increasing demand on energy in Jordan. Modern wind turbines are equipped with power converters and permanent magnetic synchronous generators (PMSG)............
Keywords :Wind turbine, Renewable energy, Harmonics, Power quality, Jordan.

[1] C. Yıldız, Ö. F. Keçecioğlu, H. Açıkgöz, A. Gani, and M. Şekkeli, "Power Quality Measurement and Evaluation of a Wind Farm Connected to Distribution Grid," Procedia - Soc. Behav. Sci., 2015.
[2] D. J. Wuebbles and A. K. Jain, "Concerns about climate change and the role of fossil fuel use," Fuel Process. Technol., vol. 71, no. 1–3, pp. 99–119, 2001.
[3] C. Chompoo-Inwai, W. J. Lee, P. Fuangfoo, M. Williams, and J. R. Liao, "System impact study for the interconnection of wind generation and utility system," IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 163–168, 2005.
[4] S. Jaber, "Environmental Impacts of Wind Energy," J. Clean Energy Technol., vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 251–254, 2013.
[5] C. Chompoo-Inwai, W. J. Lee, P. Fuangfoo, M. Williams, and J. R. Liao, "System impact study for the interconnection of wind generation and utility system," IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 163–168, 2005.

Abstract: Voltage Source Converter-High Voltage Direct Current (VSC-HVDC) is the most efficient and reliable method for electrical power transmission over long distances. The greatest challenge with VSC-HVDC system is that short-circuit faults damages the converter valves and the transmission network. The fault clearing time for the available DC breakers are not fast enough and reliable to provide adequate protection for DC faults on multi-terminal networks. Hence, the development of fast DC breakers has been ongoing for some time and significant contributions have been made especially on the DC breaker response time and provisions to force artificial current to cross the zero current point............
Key Words: DC Circuit Breaker Topologies, Multi-terminal system, Wind power, VSC-HVDC system

[1] "The European offshore wind industry - key trends and statistics 2013", Report by the European Wind Energy Association, Jan 2014
[2] M. G. Bennett, N. S. Dhaliwal and A. Leirbukt "A survey of the reliability of HVDC systems throughout the world during 200-201'', CIGRE, Paris, 2012.
[3] T. Eriksson, M. Backman, and S. Halen, "A low loss mechanical HVDC breaker for HVDC grid applications," in Cigre Session 2014, 2014.
[4] Franck, C.M., "HVDC Circuit Breakers: A Review Identifying Future Research Needs," Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on, vol.26, no.2, pp.998, 1007, April 2011
[5] Meyer, C.; Kowal, M.; De Doncker, R.W., "Circuit breaker concepts for future high-power DC-applications, "Industry Applications Conference, 2005. Fourteenth IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the 2005, vol.2, no., pp.860, 866 Vol. 2, 2-6 Oct. 2005.

Abstract: Military wireless communications have always been involved in the improvement of secured tactical Communications. However, securing such networks on a battlefield is far from being simple since wireless jamming attack can be easily done by emitting a continuous radio signal. Especially, a smart jammer is able to send back-to-back packets on the detected channel after scanning all of the channels. Finding a perfect way to avoid jamming is a utopia, but one of the well-knownsolutionsto mitigate jamming attacks is a channel-hopping scheme.In this paper, we consider an existing channel-hopping scheme under smart jammer attacks, and propose an efficient anti-jamming technique that canprotect users from jamming attack by finding outthe hopping sequence of a jammer.Through numerical analysis, we show that the proposed anti-jamming scheme can significantly improve the throughput performance.
Key Words: Anti-Jamming, Channel Hopping Scheme, Smart Jamming, WLAN

[1] S. Shanken, D. Hughes, and T. Carter, "Secure wireless local area network (SWLAN)," in Proc. IEEE MILCOM, vol. 2, pp. 886-891, Nov. 2004.
[2] W. Xu, W. Trappe, Y. Zhang, and T. Wood, "The feasibility of launching and detecting jamming attacks in wireless networks," Proc. MobiHoc'05, pp. 46–57, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA, May 2005.
[3] N. Sufyan, N. A. Saqib, and Z. Muhammad, "Detection of jamming attacks in 802.11b wireless networks," EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, vol. 2013, article 208, 2013.
[4] HART Communication. http://www.hartcomm2. org/index.html
[5] V.Navda, A.Bohra, S.Ganguly, and D. Rubenstein, "Using channel hopping to increase 802.11 resilience to jamming attacks," in Proc. of INFOCOM '07, pp.2526-2530, 2007.

Abstract: In the present centaury wind propelled power generator has become the most challenging with the power system in terms of power quality and harmonic distortion control. These challenges are now overtaken by the advancement of power electronic technology with its rapid growth and improvement, leading to the growth of wind propelled power generator with variable speed. Even then the power quality has been an issue to be addressed among the researchers. In this paper, a comparative study of wind propelled power generator with PMSG and DFIG is presented. These two generator types are connected with the power system using the conventional back to back converters and the unconventional power electronic interface.............
Key Words: DFIG, Harmonic Filter, PMSG, Total Harmonic Distortion, Transient Fault

[1] H.Li and Z.Chen, Overview of different wind generator systems and their comparisons, IET Renewable Power Generation, 2(2), 2008, 123- 138.
[2] F.A.Ramirez and M.A.Arjona, Development of a grid-connected wind generation system with a modified pll structure, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 3(3), 2012, 474 – 481.
[3] R.J.Wai, C.Y.Lin and Y.R.Chang, Novel maximum-power-extraction algorithm for pmsg wind generation system, IET Electric Power Applications, 1(2), 2007, 275-283.
[4] B.Chitti Babu and K.B.Mohanty, Doubly fed induction generator for variable speed wind energy conversion systems – Modelling and Simulation, International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering, 2(1), 2010, 141-147.
[5] L.M.Fernandez, C.A.Garcia, and F.Jurado, Comparative study on the performance of control systems for dfig wind turbines operating with power regulation, Energy, Elsevier, 33(9), 2008, 1438-1452.

Abstract: This project proposes a new three-phase modular multilevel inverter (MMLI) for renewable applications. The cascaded multilevel inverters are the most favourable topologies of multilevel converters. This project introduces a new multilevel inverter topology in which the numbers of independent dc voltage sources are reduced. Beside the number of dc voltage sources, in the proposed topology the number of switches is also reduced in comparison with that of the conventional cascaded multilevel inverter. A new modified pulse-width modulation method i.e. sinusoidal pulse width modulation is successfully applied to proposed inverter. To verify the applicability and performance of the proposed structure in PV renewable energy environment, simulation results are carried out by MATLAB/SIMULINK
Key Words: Multilevel Inverters ML, Total harmonic distortion, Renewable energy sources.

[1] Karasani Raghavendra Reddy, Vijay B. Borghate, A Three phase HybridCascaded Modular Multilevel Inverter for Renewable Energy Environment, submitted on Nov. 20, 2015; revised on Jan 22, 2016; accepted on March 7, 2016.
[2] S. Khomfoi, and C. Aimsaard, A 5-level cascaded hybrid multilevel inverter for interfacing with renewable energy resources, in Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology, ECTI-CON 2009. 6th International Conference on, 1, pp 284-287.
[3] N. A. Rahim, K. Chaniago, and J. Selvaraj, Single-phase Seven-Level Grid-Connected Inverter for Photovoltaic System, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 2435-2443, June 2011.
[4] G. Waltrich, and I. Barbi, Three-Phase Cascaded Multilevel Inverter Using Power Cells With Two Inverter Legs in Series, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 57, no. 8, pp. 2605-2612, August 2010.
[5] M. Manjrekar, and T. A. Lipo, A hybrid multilevel inverter topology for drive application, in Proc. APEC, 1998, pp. 523-529.