iosr-JEEE   Volume-12 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2017

Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to reduce the heat produced in the Battery. A composite material is placed over the battery to absorb the heat produced in the internal cells and outer casing. The temperature of the battery is analyzed using ANSYS15.0 software. The simulation result is compared with the cooling methods of cooling fans, heat sinks and fins. According to the simulation result, the proposed method is better effective in cooling the batteries. Overheating in laptop leads to failure of hardware components.............
Key Words: Composite material, cooling fan, heat sink, temperature

[1]. L.-R. Chen, J.-J. Chen, C.-M. Ho, S.-L. Wu, and D.-T. Shieh, "Improvement of Li-ion Battery Discharging Performance by Pulse and Sinusoidal Current Strategies," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 60, no. 12, pp. 5620-5628, Dec. 2013.
[2]. B. D. Valle, C. T. Wentz, and R. Sarpeshkar, "An Area and Power-Efficient Analog Li-Ion Battery Charger Circuit," IEEE Trans. Biomedical Circuits and Systems, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 131-137, Apr. 2011.
[3]. Yoshiyasu Saito, Masahiro Shikano, Hironori Kobayashi, Heat generation behavior during charging and discharging of Lithium-ion batteries after long time storage, Vol.224:294-299,15 December 2013
[4]. Githin K.Prasad, Christopher D.Rahn, Model-based identification of aging parameters in Lithium-ion batteries, Vol.232:79-85,15 June 2013
[5]. A Mills, S Al-Hallaj Simulation of passive thermal management system for Lithium-ion battery packs, Journal of power sources,2005-Elsevier

Abstract: Nowadays, the increasing demand for implantable medical devices (IMD) has required the design of efficient invasive antennas. However, designing an antenna operable in a biological layer is actually an extremely challenging task. The human body is not an ideal medium for the transmission of electromagnetic waves. Thus, it degrades significantly the characteristics of implantable antennas coupled with it. In this paper, the design of a miniaturized slotted rectangular Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) is proposed. The structure was first optimized to operate in the muscle layer. The location of the antenna was then varied to detect the influence of the other biological layers on its performances.

Key Words: Biological layers, WBAN, PIFA, interaction

[1] A Kiourti, M. Christopoulou, and K.S Nikita, Performance of a Novel Miniature Antenna Implanted in the Human Head for Wireless Biotelemetry, IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, Spokane, Washington, July 2011, 392-395
[2] J. Kim, and Y. Rahmat-Samii, Implanted antennas inside a human body: Simulations, designs, and characterizations, IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech, 52 (8), 2004, 1934–1943.
[3] W. Xia, K. Saito, M. Takahashi, and K. Ito, Performances of an implanted cavity slot antenna embedded in the human arm, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation, 57(4), 2004, 894-899.
[4] J. Ung, and T. Karacolak, A Dual-Band Meandered Dipole Antenna for Medical Telemetry Applications Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, 63, 2016, 85-94.
[5] FCC Rules and Regulations. MICS Band Plan. Part 9, Jan.2003.

Abstract: Multiple output converters (MOCs) are widely used in equipment for industrial, commercial, and military application like the voltage regulator modules in portable electronic devices. They are preferred due to their advantages in cost, volume, and efficiency. However, most of the MOCs developed so far have limitations in terms of the number of outputs, the tight regulation of all the outputs and the ease of control. In this letter, a novel time division multiple control (TDMC) method which can regulate all of the outputs with high precision is proposed. The proposed charger is able to charge three different kinds of batteries in different state of charges (SOCs) independently and accurately with the constant current/constant voltage (CC/CV) charge method. Also it can offer a high efficiency due to the available soft switching condition at all the switches and EMI filter for reduction of unwanted harmonics.

Key Words: TDMC, Multiple output converter, Half bridge inverter, Boost Converter, Voltage doubler and ZVS-ZCS

[1]. Reddy. J, Bhuvaneswari. G, and Singh. B, "A Single DC-DC Converter Based Multiple Output SMPS with Fully Regulated and Isolated Outputs", INDICON, 2005 Annual IEEE, December 2005, pp: 585~589
[2]. J. Chuanwen, M. Smith, Jr., K. M. Smedley, and K. King, "Cross regulation in flyback converters: analytic model and solution," Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 16, pp. 231-239, 2001.
[3]. P. Patra, J. Ghosh, and A. Patra, "Control Scheme for Reduced Cross-Regulation in Single-Inductor Multiple-Output DC-DC Converters," Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 60, pp. 5095-5104, 2013.
[4]. B. Su, H. Wen, J. Zhang, and Z. Lu, "A soft-switching post-regulator for multi-outputs dual forward DC/DC converter with tight output voltage regulation," Power Electronics, IET, vol. 6, pp. 1069-1077, 2013.
[5]. S. Zhonghan, C. Xuegui, W. Weiwei, T. Xi, Y. Na, and M. Hao," Predictive Digital Current Control of Single-Inductor Multiple-Output Converters in CCM With Low Cross Regulation", Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 27, pp. 1917-1925, 2012

Abstract: Wide band-gap semiconductor materials have many properties such as the big forbidden band width, high thermal conductivity, high dielectric strength, low dielectric constant, high electron velocity (saturated speed). In numerous wide band-gap materials, GaN and group Ⅲ nitrides are noticeable. This is the third generation of new type of semiconductor material appeared after the second generation of semiconductor materials such as GaAs, InP, which can be widely used in high temperature electronics, power electronics, and high frequency, resistance to radiation and other fields. HVPE (hydride vapor phase epitaxy) is a kind of atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition technique.............

Key Words: HVPE; GaN; simulation; gravity; gas parameters

[1] Aujol E, Trassoudaine A, Siozade L, et al. Hydrogen and nitrogen ambient effects on epitaxial growth of GaN by hydride vapour phase epitaxy[J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2001, 230(3–4):372-376.
[2] Aujol, E., et al. "Hydrogen and nitrogen ambient effects on epitaxial growth of GaN by hydride vapour phase epitaxy." Journal of Crystal Growth 230.3–4(2001):372-376.
[3] Aujol, E., Trassoudaine, A., Siozade, L., Pimpinelli, A., & Cadoret, R. (2001). Hydrogen and nitrogen ambient effects on epitaxial growth of gan by hydride vapour phase epitaxy. Journal of Crystal Growth, 230(3–4), 372-376.
[4] Trassoudaine, Agnès, R. Cadoret, and E. Aujol. "Process for producing an epitaxial layer of gallium nitride by the HVPE method." US, US 6632725 B2. 2003.Trassoudaine, A., Cadoret, R., & Aujol, E. (2003).
[5] Process for producing an epitaxial layer of gallium nitride by the HVPE method. US, US 6632725 B2.

Abstract: Image processing based quality checking is one of the most popular technologies employed in manufacturing process nowadays, as it reduces both the human errors and the man power requirement. The purpose of this project is to identify the external defects of the bottle/can which are manufactured in an industry and to eliminate such products to assure the quality of the final products. Main objective of this project is to identifying the defective objects which arrive through conveyer lines using a specialized camera which is controlled by a PC. Image processing using Raspberry Pi is used for processing the images which is very user friendly. The bottle/ can moves through a conveyor. A proximity sensor will sense the object and stop the conveyor. Then the image of the object will be taken by the camera and compare the image with the already stored template image using Raspberry Pi. Object that falls.............

Key Words: Raspberry Pi , PLC ,image processing , template image

[1] BAUMER SENSORS, Photoelectric sensors for countless applications http://www.baumer.com viewed January 2016
[2] BIRENDER SINGH et al, Removal of Defective Products Using Robots, Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering, BIT, Mesra, India 2013
[3] CELSON LIMA et al, MATLAB framework for PLC controlled Processes, College of Industrial engineering Barcelona, <http://www. Intechopen.com> viewed February 2016
[4] CHITRA.S et al, Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Advancements in Research & Technology, Volume 3, Issue 8, August-2014
[5] CVG COMMERCIAL VEHICLE GROUP, Supplier Quality and Packaging Requirements Manual, New Albany Ohio, 2012.

Abstract: Background: Like the brain, muscles also generate electrical signals. These signals are picked up by EEG electrodes and become muscle artifacts in EEG recording. MA is looking like fast oscillations. EEG signals disturbed by MA have larger amplitudes than normal EEG signals. Human beings have a large number of muscles all over their bodies. The muscle movement that happens near electrodes, such as teeth squeezing, jaw clenching, forehead movements will have a huge impact on the power spectrum of EEG signals. Usually, presence of the MA in EEG signals will increase the power of EEG signals in the frequency band from roughly 20Hz to 50Hz.
Materials and methods: 16 channel EEG signals are acquired with EMG artifacts. The subject is instructed to do jaw clenching, forehead movement, teeth squeezing at different instances during the time of recording. The captured EEG signal is imported in MATLAB. Sampling rate used is.............

Key Words: Adaptive threshold, muscle artifacts, Automatic segmentation, RMSE, dynamic partition, PSNR.

[1]. Safieddine et al. EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing 2012, 2012:127.
[2]. Nadia Mammone, Fabio La Foresta, Carlo Morabito, Automatic Artifact Rejection From Multichannel Scalp EEG by Wavelet ICA, IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL, VOL. 12, NO. 3 MARCH 2012.
[3]. Wim De Clercq, Anneleen Vergult, Bart Vanrumste, Wim Van Paesschen, Sabine Van Huffel, Canonical Correlation Analysis Applied to Remove Muscle Artifacts From the Electroencephalogram, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING,2006.
[4]. Weidong Zhou, Jean Gotman, Removal of EMG and ECG Artifacts from EEG Based on Wavelet Transform and ICA, Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS San Francisco, CA, USA September 1-5, 2004.
[5]. Chaolin Teng, Yanyan Zhang, Gang Wang, The Removal of EMG Artifact from EEG Signals by the Multivariate Empirical Mode decomposition, 978-1-4799-5274-8/14/20l4 IEEE..

Abstract: According to growth of high definition technologies and their wide applications in each part of our life, these lead to globalize a new aspect to be an umbrella to cover and connect all things in the world. Internet of things started as a hidden title through many related subjects in 1999. Many aspects and characteristics are available via new advanced high speed Internet that referred to fourth generation Internet. This work aims to introduce a brief survey of Internet of things, adequate definition, and requirement infrastructure suitable to achieve and overcome the challenges. The implemented survey indicated that Internet of Things is a big new technology that will make new future concepts and technologies

Key Words: Internet of Things, IoT Structure, Cloud Computing, Future Technologies

[1] Muzhir Shaban. Al-Ani, Basil M. Al-Kasasbeh, Rafa E. Al-Qutaish, Mohammad I. Muhairat, "Constructing a New Communication System by Integrating the GSM to the Satellites Infrastructure", WSEAS Transactions on Communications Journal, Issue 2, Vol. 8, pp217-226. Feb. 2009.
[2] Muzhir Shaban Al-Ani, Fouad Hammadi Awad, "Video over Cellular Mobile Device based on Hybrid Technique", International Journal of Computer Applications (IJCA), Vol. 73 – No. 4, 2013.
[3] Muzhir Shaban Al-Ani, "The Road Map Revolution of Next Generation Mobile Commerce", International Journal of Business and ICT, Vol. 1 No. 1-2, March-June 2015.
[4] Muzhir Shaban Al-Ani, Ghazi Ibrahem Raho, "Flying Virtual Cloud Computing Integrated System", (FVCIS) International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology (IJCTT), vol. 30 No. 1 – December 2015.
[5] Omar AlSheik Salem, Muzhir Shaban Al-Ani, "Mobile Cloud Computing Applied to the Healthcare Approach", International Journal of Information Technology Convergence and Services (IJITCS) Vol.6, No.5, October 2016.

Abstract: This paper presents a Hybrid Two Quasi Z-source(HTQZS) DC-DC converter for photovoltaic applications. These are mainly employed to full fill the demand of the voltage boost in photovoltaic applications from the lower value voltage. The traditional z source networks have some limitations in voltage boosting, so the modified z source means the different combination of the LC components is combined to form the hybrid quasi z source networks. This hybrid two quasi z source dc-dc converters can be applied for the dc-ac, ac-ac, and ac-dc conversions. The structure of the proposed converter is simpler. This converter adds the benefits to the traditional z source converter...............

Key Words: PV panel, MPPT, HTZS.

[1]. J.Anderson and F.Z.Peng, "Four quasi-Z-source inverters," in Proc. IEEE Power Electron. Spec. Conf., Jun. 2008, pp. 2743-2749.
[2]. Suresh, A., Rashmi, M R, Madusuthanan, V. and Kumar, P.V. (2016) "Closed-Loop2Control1of Bi-Directional Soft- Switched Quasi3Z-Source DC-DC Converter" (Scientific Research Publishing). Circuits and Systems, 7, 574-584.
[3]. Baoming Ge, Member, IEEE, Haitham Abu-Rub, Senior Member, IEEE, Fang Zheng Peng, Fellow, IEEE, Qin Lei, Student Member, IEEE, Aníbal T. de Almeida, Senior Member, IEEE, Fernando J. T. E.Ferreira, Senior Member, IEEE, Dongsen Sun, and Yushan Liu, Student Member, IEEE "An Energy Stored Quasi-Z-Source Inverter for Application to Photovoltaic Power System " (IEEE journal).
[4]. Y. Tang, S Xie, C. Zhang, and Z. Xu, "Improved Z-source inverter with reduced Z4Source5capacitor5voltage stress and soft-start capability," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 409-415, Feb. 2009.
[5]. M. K. Nguyen, Y. C. Lim, and G. B. Cho, "Switched-inductor quasi-Z-source inverter," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 26, no. 11, pp. 3183-3191, Nov. 2011..

Abstract: Even though fossil fuels are limited, the demand for oil is increasing day by day which cause environmental problems such as Greenhouse effect. Battery powered electric vehicle found to be a solution to avoid dependency on fossil fuels. This paper presents an efficient circuit for battery fed electric vehicle. Where circuit consists of Fuzzy logic controlled Bi-directional DC-DC Converter. Comparison has been made between PI and Fuzzy logic control strategies. Performance of circuit is verified through a MATLAB/SIMULINK.

Key Words: Battery, DC machine, Bi-directional DC-DC Converter.

[1]. C.C. Chan, Alain Bouscayrol, and Keyu Chen, "Electric, fuel-cell and hybrid vehicles: Architectures and modeling, '' IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 589-598, February 2010.
[2]. Wensong Yu, and Jih-Sheng Lai, "Ultra high efficiency bidirectional DC-DC converter with multi-frequency pulse width modulation," Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), pp.1079-1084, February 2008
[3]. Jin-san Kim and Feel-soon Kang, Sun-phil Kim and Sung-Jun Park," Bidirectional DC-to-DC Converter for Motor Control Unit of Electric Vehicle", 978-1-4799-1762-4/15/$31.00 ©2015 IEEE.
[4]. Narasimharaju.B.L, Satya Prakash Dubey, S. P. Singh," Coupled Inductor Bidirectional DC-DC Converter for Improved Performance" ,2010 International Conference on Industrial Electronics, Control and Robotics, 978-1-4244-8546-8/10/$26.00 ©2010 IEEE..

Abstract: This paper proposes the Maximum Power Point Tracking based on Fuzzy logic control for PV System.MPPT is required to extract maximum power corresponding to specific operating point. The output power of PV System is depends on weather conditions i.e. solar irradiation and atmospheric temperature. In this work PV System model is implemented in MATLAB at different irradiation and constant atmospheric temperature with different converter topology such as Boost and SEPIC. A Fuzzy Logic control (FLC) based MPPT technique proposed here, shows improvement in the efficiency of a PV based energy system and further comparison is made between Boost and SEPIC Converter under variable atmospheric conditions and temperature to validate the results.

Key Words: PV Panel, SEPIC Converter, Fuzzy Logic Controller and MPPT.

[1]. J.A. Ramos, I. Zamora, J.J. Campayo. "Modeling of Photovoltaic Module", International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality (ICREPQ'10) Granada, Spain, 23-25 March 2010
[2]. Chen Y, Smedley K M. A cost-effective single-stage inverter with maximum power point tracking [J].IEEE trans. Power Electron, 2004, 19(5):1289-1294.
[3]. J. E. Salazar-Duque, E. I. Ortiz-Rivera, and J. Gonzalez-Llorente, "Analysis and non-linear control of sepic dc-dc converter in photovoltaic systems," in Power Electronics and Power Quality Applications (PEPQA), 2015 IEEE Workshop on, 2015, pp. 1–6.
[4]. A. Kavitha, G. Indira, and G. Uma, "Analysis and control of chaos in sepic dc-dc converter using sliding mode control," in Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, 2008. IAS '08. IEEE, Oct 2008, pp. 1–6.
[5]. J. E. Salazar-Duque, E. I. Ortiz-Rivera, and J. Gonzalez-Llorente, "Analysis and non-linear control of sepic dc-dc converter in photovoltaic systems," in Power Electronics and Power Quality Applications (PEPQA), 2015 IEEE Workshop on, 2015, pp. 1–6.

Abstract: In this communication, the optical properties i.e. the reflection behavior of one-dimensional PCs containing left-handed materials (LHMs) are theoretically investigated. The left-handed materials (LHMs) also called negative index materials (NIMs) or double negative (DNG) materials are artificial composite with both negative permittivity  and permeability  . The effect of variation of refractive index and number of periodic layers on the reflection behavior of PIM-PIM and PIM-NIM structure is studied here. The reflection behavior is compared to the normal photonic crystal structure that consists of alternate layers of dielectric materials having positive index of refraction (PIM-PIM) and structure containing periodic arrangement of PIM and NIM. From the study, it is observed that the reflection band gap increases in PIM-NIM structure as compared to PIMPIM structure..

[1]. J. D. Joannopoulos, R. D. Meade and J. N. Winn, "Photonic Crystals", Princeton University Press, Princeton (1995).
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[3]. Ilya V. Shadrivov, Andrey A. Sukhorukov, and Yuri S. Kivshar, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 193903, (2005).
[4]. K. Tang, Y. Xiang, S. Wen, Proc. SPIE, 6020, 183 (2005).
[5]. L. An and G.P. Wang, Chin. Phys. Lett., 23, 388 (2005)...

Abstract: SEPIC topology based bidirectional DC-DC Converter is proposed for interfacing energy storage elements such as batteries & super capacitors with various power systems. This proposed bidirectional DC-DC converter acts as a buck boost where it changes its output voltage according to its duty cycle. An important factor is used to increase the voltage conversion ratio as well as it achieves high efficiency. In the proposed SEPIC based BDC converter is used to increase the voltage proposal of this is low voltage at the input side is converted into a very high level at the output side to drive the HVDC smart grid. In this project PIC microcontro9 ller is used to give faster response than the existing system. The proposed scheme ensures that the voltage on the both sides of the converter is always matched thereby the conduction losses can be reduced to improve efficiency. MATLAB/Simulink software is utilized for simulation. The obtained experimental results show the functionality and feasibility of the proposed converter..

[1]. M.R.Mohanmadi and H.Farzanfhafard, IEEE.Ind, Electron. "Analysis of diode reverse recovery effect on the improvement of soft switching range in zero voltage transition bidirectional converters", vol.62,no.3,pp.1471-1479,Mar.2015.
[2]. P. Das, B. Lann, S. A. Mousavi, G.Moschopoulos , "A non isolated bidirectional ZVS-PWM active clamped DC-DC converter" IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 553-558, Feb. 2009. [10]
[3]. J.-H. Lee, D.-H. Yu, J.-G. Kim, Y.-H. Kim, D.-Y. Jung, Y.-C. Jung, and C.-Y. Won, "Auxiliary switch control of a bidirectional soft-switching DC-DC converter" IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 28, no. 12, pp. 5446-5457, Dec. 2013.
[4]. J.-W. Yang, H.-L. Do, "High-efficiency bidirectional DC-DC converter with low circulating current and ZVS characteristic throughout a full range of loads" IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 61, no. 7, pp. 3248-3256, July 2014.
[5]. T.-J. Liang, J.-H. Lee, "Novel high-conversion-ratio high-efficiency isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter"IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 62, no. 7, pp. 4492-4503, July 2015..

Abstract: Industries advance causes serious damages to environment, these impacts are mainly visibly due to pollution emitted as gases and effluents. However, most companies are looking for alternatives that are both fast and efficient in reducing environmental degradation. Regarding effluents emission, there are recent researches that seek methods to treat wastewater effectively in industrial processes and, among these methods, ozone use stands out. This paper presents the development of a low cost sustainable ozone generator prototype with the purpose of producing gas by using corona effect, formed by high voltage generators using photovoltaic panels as power supply. In its construction recycled materials were used. The project aimed to use electronic concepts as a way to increase the apparatus efficiency, looking forwards to improve the gas application in liquid effluents treatment................

Keywords: Corona Effect, Effluent Treatment, Ozone Generator, Photovoltaic Energy

[1] M. S. Lopes, Remoção do Fármaco Ácido Mefenâmico em Água Via Oxidação por Cloro e por Ozônio, Bachelor diss. Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, SP, 2016.
[2] G. F. Wedy, Inclusão do efeito corona em modelos de linhas de transmissão bifásica utilizando a técnica de variáveis de estado, Master diss., Universidade do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 2009.
[3] G. Schiavon, et al, Projeto e Análise de um sistema gerador de ozônio para remoção de cor de efluente têxtil, Revista Unisal, v. 16, number 18, 2013.
[4] A. K. S. Fernandes, Reuso de água no processamento de jeans na indústria têxtil, Master diss., Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, 2010.
[5] S. Castilhos. Emprego de ozonização para o tratamento de efluente têxtil. Bachelor diss. Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 2015