iosr-JEEE   Volume-12 ~ Issue-6 ~ Nov-Dec 2017

Abstract: Digital image processing becomes a wide area of applications that introduce in each part of real life. One of the big challenge of digital image processing is how to speed up the processing speed in order to support the real time application. The main objective of this work is to design a simple method that achieve the digital image processing with in the real time video rate. The architecture of real time digital image processing approach needs high speed components to process a big amount of pixels at minimum time as possible. The implemented approach used Erasable Programmable Logic Device (EPLD) to realize the real time digital image processing. This approach combine both parallel processing and pipeline processing in the architecture. This approach leads to good architecture performance.
Key Words: EPLD, Real Time Processing, High Speed Processing, Parallel Processing and Digital Control.

[1] Abdullah Mohammed Awad, Muzhir Shaban Al-Ani (2017) Efficient Image Compression Based on Modified Haar Wavelet. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 15th June 2017. Vol.95, No.11, 2442- 2452.
[2] Muzhir Shaban Al-Ani and Khattab M. Ali Alheeti (2017) Precision Statistical Analysis of Images Based on Brightness Distribution. Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal Vol. 2, No. 4, 99-104.
[3] R.J. Winder, P.J. Morrow, I.N. McRitchie, J.R. Bailie, P.M. Hart (2009) Algorithms for digital image processing in diabetic retinopathy. Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics, Vol. 33, Issue 8, December 2009, PP. 608-622.
[4] Khader Mohammad, Sos Agaian, Fred Hudson (2010) Implementation of Digital Electronic Arithmetics and its application in image processing. Computers & Electrical Engineering, Vol. 36, Issue 3, May 2010, PP. 424-434.
[5] S. Dutta, S.K. Pal, S. Mukhopadhyay, R. Sen (2013) Application of digital image processing in tool condition monitoring: A review. CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology, Vol. 6, Issue 3, 2013, PP. 212-232

Abstract: This paper presents the design methodology using Proportional and Integral plus (PI+) controllers and Proportional-Integral (PI) with Filtered Integral (PIFI) mode controller for the Automatic Generation Control (AGC) of a restructured power system. The control parameters of PIFI and PI+ controllers are optimized employing Krill Herd (KH) algorithm to achieve the optimal transient response of the two-area thermal reheat interconnected power system under various possible transactions in the restructured environment. The proposed controller, a filter was added to the integral term which decouples the effective frequency ranges between the integral and proportional terms without degradation of the integral action. It produces a phase lead in a certain frequency range............

Keywords: AGC, PI+ controller, PIFI controller, HES, IPFC, Krill Herd algorithm and Power System Restoration Indices.

[1] Ibraheem and Omveer Singh, "Current Philosophies of Intelligent Techniques based AGC for Interconnected Power Systems",
International Journal of Energy Engineering (IJEE), 4 (3) (2014) 141-150.
[2] Anu Chaudhary, Mohan Kashyap, Satish Kansal, "Automatic Generation Control - A Review", International Journal of Scientific
Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (IJSRSET: Print ISSN: 2395-1990 | Online ISSN: 2394-4099), 2 (2) (2016) 81- 84.
[3] Ravi Shankar, S.R. Pradhan, Kalyan Chatterjee, Rajasi Mandal, "A comprehensive state of the art literature survey on LFC
mechanism for power system", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 76 (2017) 1185–1207
[4] Abhijith Pappachen and Peer Fathima, "Critical research areas on load frequency control issues in a deregulated power system: A
state-of-the-art-of-review", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 72 (2017), 163-177.
[5] Shital M. Pujara and Chetan D. Kotwal, "An Inclusive Review on Load Frequency Control in Deregulated Market", International
Journal on Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 8(3) (2016) 595-611.

Abstract: This paper addresses the study of two control surfaces of aircraft namely Elevators and Ailerons for controlling longitudinal and roll control movement. The control surfaces are implemented with hybrid intelligent controllers, such as ANN (artificial neural network), ANFIS (artificial neuro- fuzzy inference system) and combination of PID controller with Fuzzy compensation techniques. Dynamic modeling of these controllers is presented here to examine the overall performance of controllers, primarily based on time response specification and also the behavior of control surfaces. Firstly, transfer function relating to Elevator input is developed by considering Servomotor which is used to control the movement of surface. This particular model is implemented for Linear and Non-linear models and the effect of various nonlinearities is observed on the performance of Flight control system...........

Keywords: Longitudinal, Roll, Elevators, Ailerons, FLC, ANN, ANFIS, FCS

[1] "Airframe and Power plant Mechanics", (AC 65-15A)-Airframe Hand Book FAA", U.S Department of Transportation-FAA, USA, pp.21-48, 1972.
[2] P. Husek and k. Narenathreyas, "Aircraft Longitudinal motion control based on Takgi-Sugeno fuzzy model, Applied Soft Computing, Vol. 49, pp.269-278, 2016.
[3] S. R. Arya and S. Rao, "Effect of control saturation on tracking of longitudinal states of aircraft", IFAC paper online, Vol. 49, Issue 1, pp.573-578, 2016.
[4] I.N. Ibrahim and M.A. Al Akkad, "Exploiting an intelligent Fuzzy-PID system in nonlinear aircraft pitch control", IEEE International Siberian Conference on Control and Communication (SIBCON), pp.1-7, 2016.
[5] S. Kamalasadan and A.A. Ghandakly, "A Neural Network Parallel adaptive Controller for Fighter Aircraft Pitch Rate-Tracking", IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, Vol.60, pp.258-267, 2011

Abstract: Science and technology have identified unique properties of nanomaterials. These properties may yield many far-reaching societal benefits, but they can also pose hazards and risks. Although the nanotechnology industry is still in its infancy, as more nanotechnology applications are commercialized, the potential for human exposure to nanoparticles and raw nanomaterials would continue to increase. One area of most concern about hazards is the workplace-be it a research laboratory, start-up company, production facility, or operation in which engineered nanomaterials are processed, used, disposed, or recycled. In order to determine whether the unique chemical and physical properties of new nanoparticles result in specific toxicologic properties, the nanotechnology community..........

Keywords: Nanoparticles; Hazards; Toxic & explosive nanoparticles; Drug delivery.

[1] Beck H, Glienke N and Mohlmann C. Combustion and explosion characteristics of dusts. BIA-Report 13/97, HVBG, November
(1997).
[2] Chen HH et al. Acute and subacute toxicity Study of water-soluble polyalkylsulfonated C60 in Rats. In: Toxicol Pathol. 26(1): 143-
151(1998)

[3] Daar A, Mnyusiwalla A and Singer P. Chemistry in Britain Editorial, (2003).
[4] Derfus, A.M. et. al. Probing the cytotoxicity of Seminconductor Quantum Dots. In: Nano Lett. 4(1): 11 (2004)
[5] Eckhoff R F. Dust Explosions in the Process industries (3rd Edition), Gulf Professional Publishing, ISBN 0-7506-7602-7 (2003).
[6] Glor M. Electrostatic hazards in powder handling. Research Studies press Ltd, John Wiley & Sons Inc., (1988).

Abstract: Tanaka et al formulated the fuzzy-Bayes decision making rule by integral transformation based on the expected utility maximization theory as an extension to Wald's subjective modification fuzzy event. Hori et al formulated the fuzzy · Bayes decision making rule which extended Wald's decision function to fuzzy OR combination and fuzzy AND combination with many subjective distribution. This decision-making law is based on the state of nature Is a decision-making rule after mapping and conversion to fuzzy events, and it is an OR type 2 fuzzy by mapping fuzzy functions such as subjective distribution and utility functions to fuzzy events. Furthermore, Hori introduced the Markovian time concept to the state of nature, and derived the Markov process and Markov decision process in fuzzy events. This is a natural extension to the stochastic process theory of Wald's decision function, and the fuzzy event........

Keywords: Mapping technique, stochastic differential equations, Ito integral, type 2 fuzzy, type 3 fuzzy.

........

Abstract: The Performance of Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) on Fault Current Limitation in a 330kV Power Network. The SIMULINK model of the Nigerian 330kV system was developed and the model of the UPFC was developed and integrated into the power system model. Results from simulation carried out showed the versatility of the UPFC in the protective limitation of excessive fault current in the system. Evaluation carried out indicated that the UPFC achieved an effective average of 59.23% fault current limitation. This result was shown to have high impact for the protection of critical assets within the power system such as circuit breakers. At a fault impedance.......

Keywords: Unified Power flow controller, Fault Current, Protection and Limitation

[1]. Heresh Seyedi and Barzan Tabe: "Appropriate placement of fault current limiting reactors in different HV substation arrangement" Circuits and systems, Vol. 3, pp. 252 -262, 2012.
[2]. A.D Filomena, M. Reswner, R.H. Salim and A.S. Bretas "Distribution systems fault Analysis considering fault resistance estimation" International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, Vol. 33 No. 2, pp. 1326-1335, 2011.
[3]. J. Schabbach, "Short-Circuit Currents" second edition, published by the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). London, UK.Vol. 3, pp. 230-236, June 2008.
[4]. T. Roininen, C.E solver, H. Nordi, A. Bosma, P. Jonsson and A. Alfredsson, " ABB Live Tank Circuit Breakers Application Guide" www.abb.com, pp. 1-4, 2006.
[5]. Song HAN, Xhe-yan MAO and Young Chang "A Study on modeling of High-voltage short circuit current limiter in Electromechanical Transient Simulation". International conference on power system technology, pp. 1-10, 2010.

Abstract: Positive output elementary Luo converter perform the conversion from positive DC input voltage to positive DC output voltage. Since Luo converters are non-linear and time-variant systems, the design of high performance controllers for such converters is a challenging issue. The controller should ensure system stability in any operating condition and good static and dynamic performances in terms of rejection of supply disturbances and load changes. To ensure that the controllers work well in large signal conditions and to enhance their dynamic responses, soft computing......

Keywords: Fuzzy Logic Controller, Particle Swarm, Optimization, Lou converter, Digital Signal Processor

[1] Luo,F.L. (1999b), Positive Output Luo converters-Voltage Lift Technique, IEE Proceedings on Electric Power Applications, Vol. 146(4), pp. 415-432.
[2] Luo. F. L. and Hong Ye. (2014), Advanced DC/DC Converters, First edition, CRC Press, LLC, London,
[3] Kayalvizhi, R., Natarajan, S.P., Kavitharajan, V. and Vijayarajeswaran, R. (2005), TMS320F2407 DSP Based Fuzzy Logic Controller for Negative Output Luo Re-Lift Converter: Design, Simulation and Experimental Evaluation, IEEE Proceedings of Power Electronics and Drive systems, pp. 1228-1233.
[4] Achiammal, B.and Kayalvizhi, R. (2015), Hardware implementation of optimized PI controller for LUO converter, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research (IJAER),Vol. 10(14), pp.34899-34905.
[5] Liping Guo, John Y.Hung and Nelms, R.M., (2009), Evaluation of DSP-based PID-Fuzzy controller for DC-DC converter, IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 56 (6), pp. 2237 - 2248.

Abstract: In Modern power system Economic power dispatch is useful tool for optimal operation and planning. EDP problem need to solve effectively, conventional methods have the assumption on fuel cost characteristic of a generating unit is a continuous and convex function, resulting fairly satisfied. This proposed work to the design and application of efficient gray wolf optimization algorithm for the solution of the EPD problem. Here the non-convex characteristics of the generator along with ramp rate limits of the practical generator operation are taken for simulation. By using power system Analysis toolbox the power flow carried out for bench test system with six generating units having ramp rate was taken for simulation in Matlab environment. The proposed method is.......

Keywords: Economic power dispatch, power flow, ramp rate limits, Fitness Distance Ratio Particle Swarm Optimization, Autonomous Group of Particle Swarm Optimization.

[1] B. H. Chowdhury and S. Rahman, A review of recent advances in eco- nomic dispatch, IEEE Trans Power Syst., vol. 5(4), Apr. 1990, 1248–1259.
[2] C.E. Lin, and G.L. Viviani, Hierarchical economic dispatch for piecewise quadratic cost functions,IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus Systems, Vol. PAS103, june 1984, 170-1175.
[3] Z. X. Liang and J. D. Glover, A zoom feature for a dynamic program- ming solution to economic dispatch including transmission losses, IEEE Trans Power System, vol. 7( 2), 544–550.
[4] S. Granville, Optimal reactive dispatch through interior point methods, IEEE Trans Power Syst., vol. 9(1),Feb1994, 136–146.
[5] A.A, Ma, El-Keib and R.E. Smith, A genetic algorithm-based approach to economic dispatch of power systems, IEEE conference, 1994.

Abstract: In this paper, Ant Lion Optimization (ALO) is presented to solve the dynamic economic dispatch (DED) problem considering valve-point effects, the ramp rate limits and transmission losses. The practical DED problems have non-smooth cost function with equality and inequality constraints, which make the problem of finding the global optimum difficult when using any mathematical approaches. The ALO is inspired by the hunting mechanism of ant lions in nature. It has fast convergence speed due to the use of roulette wheel selection technique. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm has been verified on 10 unit generation system for a 24 h time interval. The results are compared with the results reported in the literature...........

Keywords: Ant lion optimization, dynamic economic dispatch, non-smooth cost functions, ramp rate limits, valve-point effects

[1] X. S. Han, H. B. Gooi, and D. S. Kirschen, Dynamic economic dispatch: feasible and optimal solutions, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 16(1), 2001, 22-28.
[2] X. Xia, A.M. and Elaiw, Optimal dynamic economic dispatch of generation: a review, Electic Power Systems Research, 80(8), 2010, 975- 986.
[3] G. P. Granelli, P. Marannino, M. Montagna, and A. Silvestri, Fast and efficient gradient projection algorithm for dynamic generation dispatching, IEE Proc. Gen. Trans. Distr., 136, 1989, 295-302.
[4] K. S. Hindi and M. R. Abd Ghani, Dynamic economic dispatch for large scale power systems: a Lagrangian relaxation approach, Electic Power Systems Research, 43, 1991, 51-56.
[5] C. B. Samuah, and N. Khunaizi, Application of linear programming re-dispatch technique to dynamic generation allocation, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 5, 1990, 20-26..

Abstract: A method for obtaining exact solutions for the Einstein-Maxwell equations in Ruban's background is presented,
with perfect magnetofluid as the source of energy momentum tensor. In the most general case the cosmological
constant is nonzero and the matter content is perfect magnetofluid only with magnetic field. By considering the
case of simple fluid, a class of expanding inhomogeneous solutions generalising the dust model obtained by
Ruban and the Doroshkevich magnetic universe is obtained. The condition under which the simple fluid may be
interpreted as a two fluid mixture are discussed. The influence of the field near the singularity and at later
stages of the expansion is presented. A subclass of these models approaches homogeneity and isotropy for large
cosmological times.

[1]. Zeldovich, Ya. B. (1965), Sov. Phys. JETP 21, 656.
[2]. Zeldovich, Ya. B. (1970), Sov. Astrom. 13, 608.
[3]. Hoyle, F. (1958), Proc. 11th Solvary Conf. Brussels.
[4]. Doroshkevich, A.G. (1965), Astrophys. 1, 138.
[5]. Fujimoto, M. et al (1971), Suppl. Prog. Theor. Phys. 49, 181.