iosr-JEEE   Volume-12 ~ Issue-6 ~ Nov-Dec 2017

Abstract: The life of the LEDs corresponds to 30% of the light output. The LED driver functions as a ballast in the fluorescent and HID systems. LEDs need a device to regulate the current passing through them. The driver performs the regulation function. Thanks to the drivers, the LEDs are protected from mains harmonics. In this report, LED driver has been examined and general information about LEDs has been tried to be provided.
Key Words: LED, LED driver, lighting systems.

[1]. Cengiz M.S., Eren M., Cengiz Ç., Yıldırım S., Yapıcı İ., Yurci Y., Atiç S., Palta O. Numericalanalysis of warmingandwarming problem in LED lamps. Imeset International Conference, 12-14 July 2017, Baku.
[2]. Karabiber, K., Keleş, C. Kaygusuz, A., Alagöz, B.B. "An approachfortheintegration of renewabledistributedgeneration in hybrid DC AC microgrids, RenewableEnergy, vol.52, pp. 251–259, 2013.
[3]. Yapıcı I., Yıldırım S., Cengiz Ç., Atiç S., Palta O., Yurci Y., Cengiz MS., Eren M., A studyaboutpreparingregulationsregarding LED Illimunation. ImesetInt. Conference, 12-14 July 2017, Baku.
[4]. Yurci Y..Türkiyede Akıllı Şebekeler Üzerine Bir İnceleme, International MultidisciplinaryCongress of Eurasian, 2016, pp. 51-55, Odessa.
[5]. Efe SB. 2015. HarmonicFilter Application for an Industrial Installation, IEEE The 13th International Conference on Engineering of Modern ElectricSystems, 11-12 June, Oradea, Romania.

Abstract: In this study, LED selection criteria, comparative technical data of LEDs and other lamps and price analyzes are evaluated. In addition, today's development of LED technology is examined and the reasons for using LED lamps in lighting are mentioned.

Keywords: LED lighting, Selection criteria, Cost comparison

[1]. Atiç, S. 2016, Energy Efficiency Studies and Optimum Solutions in Lighting, International Conference On Natural Science and Engineering (ICNASE'16, Kilis), 2748 – 2751.
[2]. Cengiz, M.S. Warm-up analysis in solid-state LED Lighting, International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Science, Engineering and Technology, October 27-29, 2017, Bitlis
[3]. Cengiz M. S., Mamiş M. S. Kaynaklı M. 2016. Practical Approaches in Vehicles When Providing Solar Energy and Vehicles Working With Solar Energy, International Conference on Natural Science and Engineering, pp. 2284-2290, March 19-20, Kilis, Turkey
[4]. Kaygusuz, A., Keleş, C., Alagöz, B. B.,, Karabiber, A. K.,, "Renewable energy integration for smart sites," Energy and Buildings, vol. 64, pp. 456–462, Sep. 2013.
[5]. Karabiber, K., Keleş, C. Kaygusuz, A., Alagöz, B.B. "An approach for the integration of renewable distributed generation in hybrid DC AC microgrids," Renewable Energy, vol. 52, pp. 251–259, Apr. 2013

Abstract: The demand for the generation and transmission of large amounts of electric power today, necessitates its transmission at extra-high voltages. The diverse conditions under which a high voltage apparatus is used make it very crucial that careful design of its insulation and the electrostatic field profiles are maintained. Insulation coordination addresses the above demand. Transient models used by other researchers are inaccurate due to deterministic approaches used, which arenot flexible and comprehensive. In this paper a stochastic model known as the Hidden markovmodel (HMM) has been used to solve this problem. Modelinga lightning induced overvoltage in a high voltage power system and MATLAB/SIMULINK software were used successfully to obtain good results for the insulation procedure. Therefore, from the maximum likelihood signal obtained from the HMM, it was discovered that relocating the Arrester placement to within 5.56m of the transformer will achieve a protection margin of 18% which is more than the minimum required standard margin of protection of 15%..

Keywords: Insulation Coordination, Hidden Markov Model, Basil Insulation Level(BIL),Margin of Protection, Lightning.

[1]. H. Mokhlis, A. Abu Bakar, H. Azil, I. Mohd and F. Shafie. "Insulation Coordination study of 275kV AIS Substation in Malaysia". IEEE Power Transactions, Vol. 12, pp. 43-44, 2012.
[2]. EN Insulation Co-ordination part 1: Definitions, principles and rules, EN-60071-1 Standard, 1996
[3]. EN Insulation part 2: Application guide, EN-60071-2 Standard, 1998
[4]. IEEE Insulation Coordination – Definitions, principles and rules, IEEE Std 1313, 1, 1996.
[5]. P. Dymarski"Hidden Markov Models, Theory and Applications". IntechJanezaTrdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia, 2011.

Abstract: This paper is targeted at discussing the theory involved in addressing the problem of forecasting electric power at a substation transformer in a distribution network. Accurate power forecast is of great essence in power distribution planning, reactive power support control and intelligent power management. Due to the dynamics of the power system, an intelligent and adaptive forecast algorithm based on the Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is proposed for the power forecast. However the forecast model involves the use of five layer Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and its learning algorithm for the forecast of active and reactive power. For efficiency of the forecast model, training and validation, historical data for active and reactive power distribution network are utilized. Therefore the input voltage v(t) to the network is time varying series of vector patterns called sequence. Ultimately, this paper presents an algorithm for forecasting electric power of distribution transformers.

Keywords: Power system, Dynamic system, ANFIS forecast algorithm, Active and Reactive power, Intelligent power management

[1]. A. Khotanzed, R. Afkhami-Rohani, and D. Maratukulam, ANNSTLF –Artificial Neural Network Short-term Load Forecaster Generation Tree, IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 1413-1422, 1998.
[2]. E.F. Arruda, R.B. Mullar, M. P. Disalro, G. C.C Rocha, M. T. Coelho, L.B.T. Beram "Disaggregated Active and Reactive Demand Forecasting using First Difference Measured Data and Neural Network", 23rd International Conference on Electricity Distribution, Lyon, 15-18 June 2015, paper 0835, 2015.
[3]. H. K. Alferes, M Nazeeruddin, "Electric Load Forecasting; Literature Survey and Classification of methods", International Journal of Systems Science, Volume 33, No. 1, pp. 23-34, 2002
[4]. A. Khotanzed, R.C. Hwang, A. Abaye, and D. Maratukulam. "An Adaptive Modular Artificial Neural Network Hourly Load Forecasting and Implementation at Electric Utilities, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 10, No.3,pp. 1716-1722, 1995.
[5]. S. J. Kiartzis, C. E. Zoumas, J. B. Theocharis, A. G. Bakistzis and V. Petrdis. Short-term Load Forecasting in an Autonomous Power System using Artificial Neural Network , IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 12, No.4, pp. 1591-1596, 1997

Abstract: The wireless HART standard is the first open standard wireless communication standard for control and measurement in process industries. It uses secure time synchronized mesh networking with frequency hopping between the field devices. It provides reliable, secure, redundant digital communications which fulfills the requirements of industrial applications viz. monitoring, diagnostic, alarm and event detection. This paper provides the approach for establishing the wireless HART network using SmartMesh wireless HART network hardware viz. DC-90007 starter kit.

Keywords: reliable, redundant, secure, SmartMesh wireless HART

[1]. Abdul Aziz Memon and Seung Ho Hong, "Minimum –Hop Load –Balancing Graph Routing Algorithm for WirelessHART", International Journal of Information and Electronics Engineering, Vol 3, No. 2, March 2013.
[2]. HART Communication protocol, "peer to peer communication with wirelessHART", HCF_LIT-129, Revision No. 1.0, Release: September 5, 2008.
[3]. HART Communication protocol, "Universal Command Specification", HCF_SPEC-127, Revision 7.1, Release: May 10 2008. Page no 8.
[4]. HART Communication protocol, "Wireless Command Specification", HCF_SPEC-155, revision 1.1, Release: May 28 2008, page No. 10.
[5]. HART Communication protocol, "Wireless HART Device Specification", HCF_SPEC-290, Revision .1.1, Release: May 22, 2008, Page no 12 -23

Abstract: This paper describes the design of a portable fire detector which can easily detect the sudden rate of change of temperature and sound an alarm if preset value are exceeded. The detector is said to be portable because it can be moved from one place to another. The design is meant to be less costly compared to other fixed fire alarm detectors and is also meant to use both batteries or be charged from AC mains supply. Fire has been causing fatalities and other casualties and losses to property and need to be detected at an early stage and put off immediately. The system incorporates a thermistor and the Arduino IDE which can be programmed using various languages such as C++. The circuit was designed and simulate, with simulation results showing that the system is able to fulfill its objectives. A prototype was built was demonstrated that the system is able to respond to rate of change of temperature. The work is still ongoing whereby future improvements involves utilizing solar energy and inbuilt photovoltaic system to power or charge detector battery.

Keywords: Portable detector, fire, arduino

[1]. R. Bukowski and V. Nuzzolese, "Performance-based Fire Protection of Historical Structures", Fire Technology, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 23-42, 2008.
[2]. L. Montoya, M. Junger and Y. Ongena, "The Relation Between Residential Property and Its Surroundings and Day- and Night-Time Residential Burglary", Environment and Behavior, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 515-549, 2014.
[3]. J. Quintiere, M. Birky, F. Macdonald and G. Smith, "An analysis of smoldering fires in closed compartments and their hazard due to carbon monoxide", Fire and Materials, vol. 6, no. 3-4, pp. 99-110, 1982.
[4]. B. Pless, "Smoke detectors and house fires", BMJ, vol. 325, no. 7371, pp. 979-980, 2002.
[5]. T. Fazzini, "Ionization and photoelectric smoke alarms in rural Alaskan homes", Western Journal of Medicine, vol. 173, no. 2, pp. 89-92, 2000

Abstract: In this study, engineering, numerical sciences, mathematical statistics and technological studies conducted by the academic staff of Bitlis Eren University have been evaluated. The main purpose here is to determine the areas where academicians work. The reasons for the results in the articles have not been addressed, and the studies that academicians have conducted according to their area of interest have been examined.

Keywords: Engineering, Technology, Mathematics, Statistics,Academic trends

[1]. Cengiz Ç., Cengiz M.S., Yurci Y., Kaynaklı M., Parlakyıldız Ş., İlcihan Z., (2017) Realization of warming in LED lighting, Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE), 12(6), 83-85.
[2]. Cengiz M. S., Mamiş M. S. Kaynaklı M. 2016. Practical Approaches in Vehicles When Providing Solar Energy and Vehicles Working With Solar Energy, International Conference on Natural Science and Engineering, pp. 2284-2290, March 19-20, Kilis, Turkey
[3]. Kaynaklı, M. 2016, Sabit Mıknatıslı Alternatörün Kullanılabilirliğinin Test Edilmesi, International Multidisciplinary Congress of Eurasian, 2016, pp. 474-479, Odessa.
[4]. Efe S.B., Cebeci M., 2013. Power flow analysis by Artificial Neural Network, International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering, 2(6):204-208. DOI: 10.11648/j.ijepe.20130206.11.
[5]. Efe S.B., Cebeci M., 2015. Artificial Neural Network Based Power Flow Analysis for Micro Grids, Bitlis Eren Univ J Sci & Technology, 5(1);42-47.

Abstract: Over last few years, wireless mobile communication is facing many challenges which has resulted in development of new technology products such as 802.22, wireless mesh network, software define radio[1]. The ongoing challenges such as spectrum management, spectrum sensing and its effect on other devices [5]. One such network is cognitive radio network, which gives the flexibility for designing strategies during communication in white space that are created in the licensed primary users. In this paper we have tried to show the comparison results proactive and reactive protocols in cognitive radio environment.

Keywords: cognitive radio, mobility, routing spectrum sensing

[1]. Akyildiz, I. F., Lee, W. Y., and Chowdhury, K. R., "CRAHNs: Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks," Ad Hoc Networks (Elsevier) Journal, to appear, vol. 7, July 2009.
[2]. Force, F. S. P. T., "Report of spectrum efficiency working group." Avaiable: First note and Order, Federal Communications Commission, ET-Docket 98-153, Adopted February 14, 2002, released April 22, 2002.
[3]. F. Brouwer, M. de Graaf, H. Nikookar, F. Hoeksema, "Adaptive Ad-hoc Free Band Wireless Communications", Project plan for AAF, Twente, 19 May 2004.
[4]. R. W. Brodersen, A. Wolisz, D. Cabric, S. M. Mishra, D. Willkomm, "CORVUS: A Cognitive Radio Approach for Usage of Virtual Unlicensed Spectrum", University of California, Berkley, 2004.
[5]. Matteo Cesana, Francesca Cuomo and Eylem Ekici, "Routing in cognitive radio networks: Challenges and solutions", Ad Hoc Networks 2010, www.elsevier.com/locate/adhoc.S.

Abstract: The Zeta converters are being used in different industrial applications day by day. Most of the researches on DC converters focus on such issues as the determination of the control system that most effectively controls a selected physical system and the comparison of system stability. In this work, a designed zeta converter is used in the MATLAB / Simulink program performance has been studied. In addition, it has been investigated the performance and performance of a Permanent Magnet DC motor connected to the output of this Zeta converter by proportional integral (PI) and fuzzy logic control (FLC) methods of performance analysis. For PI and fuzzy logic control..........

Keywords: DC Converters, Power Electronics, Fuzzy Logic, PI, DC Motor

[1]. H. Zenk, and A. S. Akpinar, Dynamic Performance Comparison of Cúk Converter with DC Motor Driving and Using PI, PID, Fuzzy Logic Types Controllers, Universal Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2(2), 2014, 90-96.
[2]. K. M. Smedley, C. Slobodan, One-Cycle Control of Switching Converters, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 10(6), 1995, 625-634.
[3]. İ.Sefa, N. Altın, Ş.Özdemir, dSPACE Based Fuzzy Logic Controlled Boost Converter, 4th International Conference on Technicaland Physical Problems of Power Engineering TPE-2008, University of Pitesti, Pitesti, Romania, 2008.
[4]. L. Guo, H. Nelms, R.M Nelms, Design and Implementation of Sliding Mode Fuzzy Controllers for a Buck Converter, IEEE Int. Symposium on Industrial Electronics, Montreal, Canada, 2006, 1081-1087.
[5]. H. Sira-Ramirez, R. Silva-Ortigoza, Control Design Tecniques in Power Electronics Devices, (Springer ISBN. 978-1-84628-458-8, 41-44, 2006)

Abstract: This paper deals with the closed loop control of the three switch Interleaved Forward Converter with motor load. When any step change occurs at the input of the open loop three switch interleaved forward converter, the output is also disturbed. In order to avoid this, a closed looped control is introduced. By using the closed loop control, the steady state error in speed is reduced. The DC input is converted into high frequency AC using the Forward Converter. The high frequency AC is rectified using a Half-wave rectifier and the output voltage is regulated using the closed loop system. The results of closed loop system are compared with the open loop system.

Keywords: Interleaved Forward Converter, DC-DC Converter, Matlab, Simulation, Microcontroller

[1]. H. Xu , P. Xu, W. Liu, and Y. Xing, " Series-input interleaved forward converter with a shared switching leg for wide Input Voltage Range Applications," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 60, no. 11, Nov 2013.
[2]. Abramovitz, T. Cheng, and K. Smedley, "Analysis and design of forward converter with energy regenerative snubber," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 667–676, Mar. 2010.
[3]. Y. Gu, Z. Lu, Z. Qian, X. Gu, and L. Hang, "A novel ZVS resonant reset dual switch forward DC-DC converter," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 96–103, Jan. 2007.
[4]. P. Kong, S. Wang, F. C. Lee, and Z. Wang, "Reducing common-mode noise in two-switch forward converter," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 1522–1533, May 2011.
[5]. T.S. Kim, S.K. Han, G.-W. Moon, and M.-J. Youn, "High efficiency active clamp forward converter for sustaining power module of plasma display panel," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 1874–1876, Apr. 2008

Abstract: Today, electrical energy demand is increasing day by day. I need a situation like this, the signs of the development of the electric energy country came into being. Parallel does not increase. Electric energy production is growing as demand for electricity increases. In order to be able to be prevented by this condition, we can make the most of electricity energy. It uses a variety of methods to optimally consume consumed electricity. This study examines the energy production of solar panels at the forefront of renewable energy sources. In addition, remote measurement and control has been performed on the produced energy. For this, there are two types of solar panels widely used in the market, monocrystalline and polycrystalline solar panels are preferred. Two solar panels convert the sunlight into electricity..............

Keywords: Monocrystalline solar panel, Polycrystalline solar panel, Ardunio, Wifi control.

[1]. A. Ghazali and A. M. Rahman, "The performance of three different solar panels for solar electricity applying solar tracking device under the malaysian climate condition," Energy and Environment Research, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 235-243, 2012.

[2]. A.Karakan, Y.Oğuz, B.Uslu, "Üç Farklı Malzemeden Üretilmiş Güneş Panellerinin Elektrik Enerjisi Üretimlerinin Karşılaştırılması" II.KOP Bölgesel Kalkınma Sempozyumu, 23-24 Ekim 2014, Niğde/Türkiye

[3]. Y. Oğuz, A. Karakan, "On Earth Clean Applied In Existing Buildings (Wind And Solar) Energy Systems And Investigation Investigation Of Afyonkarahisar Applicability" Third International GreenAge Symposium, pp 220-235, 15 – 17 April 2015 / Istanbul- Turkey.
[4]. M. R. Abdelkader, A. Al-Salaymeh, Z. Al-Hamamre, and F. Sharaf, "A comparative analysis of the performance of monocrystalline and multiycrystalline PV cells in semi arid climate conditions: The case of Jordan," Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 543-552, 2010.

[5]. A. Karakan, Y.Oğuz, B.Uslu "The Study Of The Performance Of Thin-Film Solar Panels Established In Afyonkarahisar" Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST), Vol. 2 Issue 11, pp.3340-3344, November – 2015

Abstract: Agriculture is the main source of income for most of the people of African's countries. So there is a
need to transform the huge agriculture data into technologies and make them available to the farmers. The aim
of this work is to find out the best classification algorithm enhances the classification of the agricultural dataset
according to countries, area harvested, yield, production, and seed. Five classification algorithms are used
namely J48, PART, Decision Table, IBK, and Naïve Bayes. Real agricultural dataset of the production in
African countries is used and applied.......

Keywords: Classification of agriculture, WEKA, J48, Decision Table, NaiveBayes, PART, and IBK

[1]. Asir, D., Gnana Singh, A., Jebamalar Leavline, E., Priyanka, V., and Swathi, V., "Agriculture Classification System Using
Differential Evolution Algorithm", International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology, 3(5), May
2016, pp. 24-28.
[2]. Thakkar, R., Kayasth, M., and Desai, H. "Rule Based and Association Rule Mining On Agriculture Dataset", International Journal
of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, 2(11), November 2014, pp. 6381-6384.
[3]. Portmann, F., Siebert, S., Bauer, C., and Döll, P. "Global data set of monthly growing areas of 26 irrigated crops", Frankfurt
Hydrology Paper 6 Institute of Physical Geography University of Frankfurt (Main),Germany March 2008, pp.1-400.
[4]. Peña, J., Gutiérrez, P., Martínez, C., Six, J., Richard E. and Granados, F." Object-Based Image Classification of Summer Crops with
Machine Learning Methods" Remote Sening, 2014, 6, pp. 5019-5041; doi:10.3390/rs6065019
[5]. Ustunera, M., Sanli, F., Abdikan, S., Esetlili, M., and Kurucu, Y. " Crop Type Classification Using Vegetation Indices Of Rap ideye
Imagery", The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XL-7, 2014,
ISPRS Technical Commission VII Symposium, 29 September – 2 October 2014, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 195-198.

Abstract: Distributed power system (DPS) distributes power amongst processing units such as power
electronics converters with DC system. Due to the increasing usage of power converters in DPS system, the
system becomes unstable and the converter tends to draw constant power needed by the load of the system.
Constant power load (CPL) characteristic has negative input impedance that could produce instability
problems in the DC bus system. Passive damping network which consists of series RC damping circuit was
connected in parallel to the DC bus system with the purpose to reduce the instability. The passive damper was
designed, simulated with MATLAB...........

[1]. Fang Lin Luo, Hong Ye and Muhammad Rashid, "Digital Power Electronics and Applications", California (US): Elsevier. 2005.
[2]. Xinyun, L., N. Fournier, and A.J. Forsyth, "Active stabilisation of an HVDC distribution system with multiple constant power
loads", Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference IEEE, September 2008, pp. 1-6.
[3]. A.Khaligh, A. Emadi, "Stabilizing Control of DC/DC Buck Converters with Constant Power Load in Continuous and
Discontinuous Conduction Modes Using Digital Power Alignment Technique", Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology
2006, vol. 1, pp. 63-72.
[4]. C.D. Xu, K.W.E. Cheng, "A survey of Distributed Power System – AC versus DC Distributed Power System", IEEE Power
Electronics Systems and Applications (PESA), 4th International Conference on 2011, pp. 1-12.
[5]. A.Jusoh, Z.salam, S. M. Ayob, "Operation and Modelling of the Unload Bi-Directional DC/DC Converter performing as an Active
Damping Function in a Simple DC System", IEEE International Power and Energy Conference, PECon November 2006, pp. 388-
392.

Abstract: The air contamination in the air by expanded utilization of carbon fuel and the exorbitant oil costs
prompts scan for exchange sources which will fill in for carbon fuel that could build the exhibition and
productivity of the vehicle and all the while diminishes the poison in condition. Biodiesel are the promising
substitute for interchange fuel. To limit the use of carbon fuel the biodiesel mixes are utilized. The biodiesel
created from cotton seed oil by Trans esterification process speaks to one of the most appropriate choices for
utilization of customary carbon fuel. Cotton seed oil is changed over into cotton seed oil methyl ester known as
biodiesel arranged within the sight of The air contamination in the air by expanded utilization of carbon fuel
and the extreme oil costs prompts scan for exchange sources which will sub for carbon fuel that could build the
exhibition and proficiency..........

Keywords: Diesel Engine, Performance, Emission, Cotton seed biodiesel blends.

[1]. Ban K, Kaieda M, Matsumoto T, Kondo A, Fukuda H (2001). Whole cell biocatalyst for biodiesel fuel production utilising
Rhizopus oryzae cells immobilised within biomass support particles. Biochem. Eng., 8: 39-43.
[2]. Banapurmath NR, Tewari PG, Hosmath RS (2008). Performance and emission characteristics of a DI compression ignition engine
operated on Honge, Cotton seedand sesame oil methyl esters. Renew. Energ. 33: 1982-1988
[3]. Bank K, Kaieda MM, Kando AF (2001). Whole cell biocatalyst for biodiesel fuel production utilising Rhizopus oryzae cell
immobilised within biomass support particles. Biochem. Eng., J. 8: 39-43.
[4]. Barnwal BK, Sharma MP (2005). Prospects of biodiesel production from vegetable oils in India. Renew. Sustain. Energ., 9: 363-
378.
[5]. Berchmans HJ, Hirata S (2008). Biodiesel production from crude Cotton seedcurcas L. seed oil with a high content of free fatty
acids. Bioresour. Technol., 99: 1716-1721.