iosr-JEEE   Volume-13 ~ Issue-2 ~ March-April 2018

Abstract: Dangerous practice of electrical wiring systems and poor products must be thoroughly investigated if electrical fire incidents will be mitigated. Electricity can kill faster than any means and even destroy than tsunami. If anyone is seeking for the most dangerous energy means, they should trace it to electrical energy. Electrical fire does not just happen, it has propeller. From the man who designs it to the man who executes the design, and even the manufacturer of the electrical components, they all contribute to the outbreak of electrical fire. Electrical fires are fires which may involve electrical cables and equipments. This study examined the various dangerous sides of electrical wiring fault and its causes.
Key Words: Fire, cable, residential, wire

[1] AEI-Cables. (2008). Current Ratings. AEI Cables, Durham Road, Birtley, Co., Durham. DH# 2RA, 44(0), 1–11.
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[4] Bowen, B. W., & Inst, F. R. (2010). FACTORS GOVERNING SPECIFICATIONS FOR ELECTRIC POWER CABLES. Journal of Institution of Electrical Engineers - Part II: Power Engineering, 95(47), 551–562.
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Abstract: For LED luminaires, it is difficult to accurately predict the lifetime or the light output degradation due to the diversity of LED technologies and the particular contribution of the system's components to this process such as lens, driver, heatsink, etc..The life of a LED luminaire is the combined effect of gradual light output degradation caused by material degradation and abrupt light output degradation mostly caused by LED components failure.There are a set of standards defining how LED luminaires can be tested to determine their performance over time such as

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Abstract: Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Under United Nation Targets To Achieve Sustainable Human Society Which Includes Sustainable Industry. For Electronic AndElectrical (EE) Industry, That Means Creation Of Recyclable EE Products And Electronic Waste (E-Waste) Recycling Infrastructure That Work Well Under Market Economy Conditions. In This Paper, We Look Into How Wireline Telephone Set Recycling Can Be Made Economically Viable In India By Defining Profitable Recyclable Window (PRW) And Identifying The Most Influencing Factor In The Recycling Process That Affects The Profit Margin Of E-Waste Recycling. The Paper Also Provides Discussion On Technical Solutionsthat Could Improve E-Waste Recycling Profit Margin And Identifies Percentage Of Gold Composition In Virgin EE Products As The Key Factor Which Could Make Or Break Recycling Industry.
Key Words: E-Waste, PRW, SDG, Standards,Wireline Telephone

[1]. "Press Release – UN General Assembly's Open Working Group Proposes Sustainable Development Goals",Sustainabledevelopment.Un.Org. Accessed: 11thMarch 2018.
[2]. Sustainable Development Goals, Http://Www.Undp.Org/, Accessed: March 2018.
[3]. S D Das AndS Chatterjee. "On Essentiality OfROHS In EE R&D Ecosystem", IOSR, Journal Of Electrical And Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE), 12.1(IV) (2018), 39-45
[4]. S D Das. " On Commercially Relevant Research In Indian EE R&D Ecosystem." IOSR, Journal OfElectrical And Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE) 13.1 (2018): 67-72
[5]. R2 Standard, Https://Sustainableelectronics.Org/, Accessed: March 2018.

Abstract: In this paper, Multi Band with reduced ground plane effect in Ultra wide band antenna is proposed. These newly simulated structures are proposed for fabrication. The antenna is suitable for operating frequency range in UWB band and it is shown that return loss of the antenna at three resonant frequencies at 2.7GHz, 5.4GHz and 9.3 GHz is better than -10 dB. The VSWR obtained is less than 1.5 of this patch antenna with the compact size and large bandwidth. The return loss values of first band is -13.1 dB and for second band is -10.5 dB and for third band is -19.1dB with radiation efficiency is 83 % and directivity 3.43 dB. The measured results are also calculated with Vector Network analyzer. In addition parametric study of various parameters of proposed antenna will be able to provide antenna engineers with more design information.

Key Words: Ultra-wide band, Dual Band, Patch antenna

[1]. Prof. P.S.Ashtankar and Dr.C.G.Dethe "Design and Modification of Circular Monopole UWB Antenna for WPAN Application Computer Engineering and Intelligent Systems ISSN 2222-1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2863 (Online) Vol 3, No.5, 2012
[2]. Zhi Ning Chen,S.P.See, Xianming Qing " small printed ultrawidwband antenna with reduced ground plane effect" IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL 55, NO.2,FEBRUARY 2007.
[3]. S. Barba Qinrino, "UWB circular slot antenna provided with an inverted-l notch filter for the 5Ghz WLAN band," Progress In Electromagnetic Research, PIER 104, 1-13, 2010.
[4]. D. Xi. , L. H. Wen, Y. Z. Yin, Z. Zang and Y. N. Mo, "A compact dual inverted c-shaped slots antenna for WLAN applications", Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 17, 115-123, 2010
[5]. N. Prombutr, P. Kirawanich, and P. Akkaraekthal in, "Bandwidth enhancement of UWB micro strip antenna with a modified ground plane", International Journal of Microwave Science and Technology Volume 2009.

Abstract: Distributed generation (DG) are electrical power generations designed at the customer load site. They have the ability to reduce technical losses, improve voltage profile and power quality. When adequately installed, it saves cost by averting the need for investment in the transmission and distribution infrastructure. This research was detailed study and analysis of the benefits of DG from Solar Renewable Energy with the Dumez feeder network of Otovwodo 15MVA, 33/11KV Injection Substation in Nigeria as a case study. This work is of great practical relevance to the society and country at large, the research methodology involved actual collection of relevant data from a typical existing Nigeria Power Distribution network............
Key Words: Distributed Generation Technology, Integration of Solar Energy Technology, Renewable Energy, Solar Energy Source, Technical Loss, Voltage Profile.

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[3] Baker, M. (2016) "Scotland holds the largest Oil reserve in the E.U but proved they don't need it" (Interestingengineering.com/Scotland-largest-oil-reserve-eu-proved-they-do-not-need it) Date accessed 14/08/2017.
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Abstract: In the upcoming era of advanced technology, for the ease of the human being living, industrial automation with lesser human effort and all other possible application areas are enriched with the ever growing features of technical advancement in the field of Robotic mechanism. In this project work the effort of restructuring an automated mechanical arm is depicted with the utilization of infrared obstruction detection and also relocation of that specific object. The incorporation of Arduino programming merged with the intelligent design approach of robotic movement of an artificial hand is the main attraction of the presented work. This gives the idea of a creation in technical field where hardware and software interfacing is done tactfully
Key Words: Arduino programming, Artificial hand, Infrared detection, Robotic arm, Flex sensor, Servo motor.

[1]. "Efficient Approach for Designing Gesture Controlled Robotic Arm", Shivani, Shagun Gaur, Paresh Khaneja, Rashmi Sharma, Simranpreet Kaur, Mehakpreet Kaur, International Journal of Control and Automation, Vol. 8, No. 6 (2015), pp. 55-64, ISSN: 2005-4297 IJCA.
[2]. "AUTOMATION OF OBJECT SORTING SYSTEM USING PICK & PLACE ROBOTIC ARM & IMAGE PROCESSING", VISHNU R. KALE, 2V. A. KULKARNI, Proceedings of 3rd IRAJ International Conference, 5th January 2014, Mumbai, India. ISBN: 978-93-82702-51-1.
[3]. "DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SYNCHRONIZED ROBOTIC ARM", Goldy Katal, Saahil Gupta, Shitij Kakkar, IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308, Volume: 02 Issue: 08 | Aug-2013.
[4]. "Archetype Infrared Detection and Ranging System", S. Sheraz Mohani, Mir Asif, M. Waseem, Asad Latif, International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887), Volume 105 – No. 18, November 2014.
[5]. "Automation of Object Sorting System Using Pick & Place Robotic Arm & Image Processing", Swarnendu Sarkar, K. Yadaiah and ISSN No: 2348-4845, International Journal & Magazine of Engineering, Technology, Management and Research, A Peer Reviewed Open Access International Journal, Volume No: 2 (2015), Issue No: 8 (August) August 2015.

Abstract: Online digital information security is gaining drastic significance with the boost and progression of internet communication. With the advent of ecommerce and ebanking and its further evolution, the traditional methods of personal identification like token based methods and knowledge-based methods like PINs, passwords are no longer sufficient for secure transfer of critical data online. Though Biometric Authentication systems are comparatively a better option, they can be vulnerable to several attacks when it comes to Authentication online. Hence, Biometric Cryptosystems are proposed to enhance the security of biometric authentication systems and to create revocable representations of individuals. Alternatively, Steganography techniques play a crucial role in encapsulating encoded biometric data behind an unpredicted carrier. The proposed system employs.............
Key Words: Authentication, Biometric Cryptosystem, Minutiae, Open Networks, Steganography.

[1] Manjari Benhar Peethala, Sujata Kulkarni, " Integrating Biometric Cryptosystem with steganography for authentication", IEEE International WIE Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (WIECON-ECE), pp. 28-31, 2016.
[2] Vincenzo Conti, Salvatore Vitabile, Filippo Sorbello, "Fingerprint Traits and RSA Algorithm Fusion Technique", IEEE Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems(CISIS), pp.351-356, 2012.
[3] Mr.P.Balakumar, Dr.R.Venkatesan, "A Survey on Biometrics based Cryptographic Key Generation Schemes", International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology & Security , vol. 2, 2012.
[4] Hisham Al-Assam, Rasber Rashid and Sabah Jassim, "Combining Steganography and Biometric Cryptosystems for Secure Mutual Authentication and Key Exchange", The 8th International Conference on Internet Technology and Secured Transactions, pp.369-374, 2013.
[5] Y.J. Chin, T.S. Ong, A.B.J. Teoh, K.O.M.Goh, "Integrated biometrics template protection technique based on fingerprint and palm print feature-level fusion", Elseiver Journal- "Information Fusion 18", pp.161-174 , 2013..

Abstract: Modern experiments in the physical sciences use electronics to monitor, digitize and store analog signals. We will consider the analog front-end of ion beam detector whose job is to solve the ballistic deficit problem by integrating the signal until all the charge is collected from the detector. Such a circuit is called Gated Integrator. The key element that actually stores the analog signal is a capacitor. The stored signal is damaged by noise due to charge injection, clock feedthrough and leackage current. Several works have been done to prevent these noises. In this paper, to ensure nonlinearity of the Gated integrator less than 0.03%, a novel circuit based on two switch transistors, to cancel the leakage current in the reset switch, is added with a dummy switch,which allows toreduce the charge injection up to 0.6mV.
Key Words: Energy spectroscopy; Gated integrator; Charge injection; MOS Switch; Leakage current; Noise, dummy switch.

[1] Kong, J., S. Hong, ChenZ.Q.,DongC.F, Qian Y.et al., 2010. Development of multi-channel gated integrator and PXI-DAQ system for nuclear detector arrays. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. A, 622: 215-218. DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2010.07.030
[2] Chao-Yang Zhou,Hong S., Rui-Shi M., Cheng-Fu D., Y. Qian, J. Kong "An accurate low current measurement circuit for heavy iron beam current monitor" Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 280 (2012) 84–87.
[3] Li, Q. and L. Sihver, 2011. Therapeutic techniques applied in the heavy-ion therapy at IMP. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. Sect. B, 269: 664-670. DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2011.01.125
[4] Wembe T. E., Djamet Y. A., Essimbi Z. B. Novel Approach to Build a Gated Integrator for High-Resolution Energy Spectroscopy Systems. IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Vol. 12, Issue 2 Ver. III (Mar. - Apr. 2017), PP 51-57. DOI: 10.9790/1676-1202035157.

Abstract: Dynamic reconfigurable system came in to limelight in the current generation of VLSI design. Till now area, performance, cost and power are the priorities of design engineers overlooking the Multifunctionality of a single system design. Many researchers are focused on digital VLSI system as compared to the analog VLSI system, it is because of digital system is highly atomized and number of testing hardware and software platforms are available Also very few parameter are sensitive to input as compare to the analog system design. In this paper general concept of dynamic reconfiguration for various analog system design and application is illustrate.
Key Words: Analog, Digital, Reconfigurable FPGA, FPAA, VLSI..

[1] Kush Gulati, and Hae-Seung Lee ―A Low-Power Reconfigurable Analog-to-Digital Converter‖, IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS, VOL. 36, NO. 12, DECEMBER 2001
[2] Kwang S. Yoon ―A CMOS Digitally Programmable Slew-Rate Operational Amplifier‖ IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS-11: ANALOG AND DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL. 42, NO. 11. NOVEMBER 1995

[3] Craig R. Schlottmann, Samuel Shapero, Stephen Nease, and Paul Hasler, ―A Digitally Enhanced Dynamically Reconfigurable Analog Platform for Low Power Signal Processing‖ IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS, VOL. 47, NO. 9, SEPTEMBER 2012
[4] Tyson S. Hall, Christopher M. Twigg, Jordan D. Gray, Paul Hasler, and David V. Anderson, ―Large-Scale Field-Programmable Analog Arrays for Analog Signal Processing‖ IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS—I: REGULAR PAPERS, VOL. 52, NO. 11, NOVEMBER 2005
[5] Dongmin Park, and SeongHwan Cho ―Design Techniques for a Low-Voltage VCO With Wide Tuning Range and Low Sensitivityto Environmental Variations‖.IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, VOL. 57, NO. 4, APRIL 2009

Abstract: Industrial ovens often consume a considerable amount of the electrical energy and have a significant effect on the quality of the product and the production cost. The cost of energy all over the world is increasing and the natural resources are depleted as more and more energy is being harnessed. Temperature and heat losses contribute significantly to this problem and needs to be controlled. This thesis presents a model for the prediction of temperature that is used to predict the temperature of an oven. In this research, a back propagation neural network model was developed. Experiments were conducted where the oven was heated up over a period of time and the temperature was recorded over this period of time. The obtained temperature values were trained, tested and validated...........
Key Words: Back Propagation, industrial oven, feed forward neural network, Oven heating, temperature prediction.

[1]. F.Pask, J. Sadhukhan, P. Lake, S. McKenna, E.B. Perez, A.Yang (2014), Systematic approach to industrial oven optimization for energy saving, Applied Thermal Engineering (71), 1, 72-77
[2]. Sanjay Mukherjee, Abhishek Asthana,Martin Howarth,Ryan Mcniell(2017) Waste heat recovery from industrial baking ovens, Energy Procedia (123), 321–328
[3]. Bradshaw, J.A., Carden, K.J., Riordan, D., (1991). Ecological ―Applications using a Novel Expert System Shell‖. Comp. Appl. Biosci. 7, 79–83.
[4]. Mohsen Hayati, and YazdanShirvany (2007) (Artificial Neural Network Approach for Short Term Load Forecasting for Illam Region, International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (1) 4, 668-671.
[5]. Y. Radhika and M. Shashi "Atmospheric Temperature Prediction using Support Vector Machines" International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 1, April 2009

Abstract: Rapid technological advancement in the economically quick growing countries such as India, China Malaysia and their contemporaries are indeed beyond reasonable doubt related to their efficient and reliable sources of electricity. Nigeria, popularly called "the giant of Africa" has for decades strived to meet its power demand through various development plans, but all ended to no avail. The enduring and pandemic power scarcity in Nigeria has on the other hand annoyed and forcibly prompted its citizens to opt for gasoline generators which are usually imported from the aforementioned countries. Besides the cost of fuelling and maintenance, these generators are proven to be the cause of many noxious causalities, unplanned deaths and air pollution. The active hydro-power..............
Key Words: Solar technology, alternative energy, innovation.

[1] Abongierhuoyi, A. (2017). Promoting renewable energy in Nigeria, Vangurd, August, 13

[2] Akibora, F. G., Adejumobi, L. H. and Makinde, V. (2012). Solae energy instllation in Nigeria: Observation, Problem and Solutions. Translational Journal of Science and Technology 2(4)

[3] Boda,H. A. (2011). Managing the diffusion and adaptation of renewable energy in Nigeria. World Renewable Energy Conference, 8-13 May, Linkoping, Sweden.

[4] Danish, S. N. (2014). Introduction to Solar Energy Technologies. Retrieved from set.ksu.edu.sa/sites/set.ksu.edu.sa/file/…/Fish %20series20by20Dr Noman PDF

[5] Eronini, N. (2014). Adaptation of solar energy PV systems among industries and residential houses in southern Nigeria. An unpublished master's thesis of National Population Commission (2017). Data for national planning and development. Retrieved from population.gov.ng/

Abstract: In this study, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) methods are investigated and an analysis of the main MPPT methods is performed. Incremental Conductance, Perturb& Observe, Open-Circuit Voltage, Short-Circuit Current, Fuzzy Logic Controller, which take part in the literature as one of the most commonly used MPPT methods, and hybrid methods based on MPPT methods are investigated. The advantages and disadvantages of the investigated methods are provided. A PV string is modeled with Matlab/Simulink modeling program. The MPPT methods are tested with the modeled PV string and their system performances are compared under the same conditions. Simulation results are given in graphs.
Key Words: PV systems, MPPT methods.

[1] S. Sengar, Maximum power point tracking algorithms for photovoltaic system: A review, International Review of Applied Engineering Research, 4(2), 147-154, (2014).
[2] T. Logeswaran, A. SenthilKumar, A Review of maximum power point tracking algorithms for photovoltaic systems under uniform and non-uniform irradiances, 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research 2013, ICAER 2013, Energy Procedia, 54, 228 – 235, ( 2014 ).
[3] N. A. Kamarzaman, C. W. Tan, A comprehensive review of maximum power point tracking algorithms for photovoltaic systems, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 37, 585–598, (2014).
[4] N. Shah, C. Rajagopalan, Experimental evaluation of a partially shaded photovoltaic system with a fuzzy logic-based peak power tracking control strategy, IET Renew. Power Gener., 10(1), 98–107, (2016).
[5] H. Patel, V. Agarwal, MATLAB-based modeling to study the effects of partial shading on PV array characteristics, IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., 23(1), 302–310,( 2008).