iosr-JEEE   Volume-13 ~ Issue-2 ~ March-April 2018

Abstract: Photovoltaic(PV)systems are used for obtaining electrical energy directly from the sun. In this paper, a solar cell unit, which is the most basic unit of PV systems,is mathematically modeled and its behavior is simulated in detail by using Matlab/Simulink.The effects of solar irradiation, ambient temperature, series resistance and shunt resistance on the output characteristics of the PV cell are investigated. The PV cell open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current equations that are the two of important parameters of a PV cell are extracted. The obtained equations are simulated by using Matlab/Simulink. The change in PV cell's open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current under changing solar irradiation and ambient temperature conditions are also investigated.The PV module isformed by.......
Key Words: PV cell, PV module, PV string, PV array,Partial shading.

[1]. N. Shah, C. Rajagopalan, Experimental evaluation of a partially shaded photovoltaic system with a fuzzy logic-based peak power tracking control strategy, IET Renew. Power Gener., 10(1), 98–107, (2016).
[2]. H. Patel, V. Agarwal, MATLAB-based modeling to study the effects of partial shading on PV array characteristics, IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., 23(1), 302–310,( 2008).
[3]. C. Manickam, G. R. Raman, G. P. Raman, S.I. Ganesan, C. Nagamani,A hybrid algorithm for tracking of GMPP based on P&O and PSO with reduced power oscillation in string inverters,IEEE Transactions On Industrial Electronics, 63(10), 6097-6106, (2016).
[4]. N. A. Kamarzaman, C. W. Tan,A comprehensive review of maximum power point tracking algorithms for photovoltaic systems,Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 37, 585–598, (2014).
[5]. E. I. Ortiz-Rivera, F.Z. Peng, Analytical model for a photovoltaic module using the electrical characteristics provided by the manufacturer data sheet,in IEEE 36th Conference on Power Electronics Specialists, 2087–2091, (2005).

Abstract: In the present work a chemical method is followed to grow CdS nanoparticles at room temperature by varying the growth time as well as solvents. Anhydrous CdCl2, Sulphur powder,sodium borohydride powders are used as reactants. The reactions are carried out in variety of solvents and the effect of the solvent on the product quality is investigated. The room temperature synthesis produces high quality nanocrystals as revealed by electron microscopy, optical and photoluminescence measurements. Particle size increases with increase of growth time in both medium. It is observed that nanoparticles are less agglomerated in medium EDA compared to THF. The structural and optical properties show quantum confinement of CdS grown in medium THF and EDA..
Key Words: CdS nanoparticles, Structural properties,Optical properties,Photoluminescence

[1] A. P. Alivisatos, Science 271,1996, 933
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Abstract: Power Quality issues are the major concern in the low voltage distribution system. The paper suggests a shunt connected custom power device (DSTATCOM) to provide load compensation in the 3-phase, 4-wire network. The performance of the DSTATCOM is analyzed for two three leg VSI topologies; with single DC capacitor and with split DC capacitor under unbalanced and non-linear load. An Instantaneous Symmetrical Component Theory (ISCT) based Hysteresis Current Controller (HCC) has been introduced to generate switching pulses for VSI. A comparative analysis has been carried out for the DSTATCOM comprising of two VSI topologies on the basis of %THD and neutral current compensation. A DSTATCOM behavior using split DC capacitor topology is found to be more effective than VSI with single DC Capacitor. An extensive digital simulation is done using MATLAB/SIMULINK environment showing improved compensation performance.
Key Words: DSTATCOM, Hysteresis Current Controller, Instantaneous Symmetrical Component Theory, Non-linear and unbalanced Load, Voltage Source Inverter (VSI)

[1] A. Ghosh, G. Ledwich, "Power Quality Enhancement Using Custom Power Devices", Kluwer Academic Publisher,2002.
[2] S. Iyer, A. Ghosh, A. Joshi, "Inverter topologies for DSTATCOM applications – A simulation study", Elect. Power Syst. Res., vol.75, no. 2-3, pp. 161-170, Aug 2005.
[3] N. Geddada, S. B. Karanki, M.K. Mishra, B.K. Kumar, " Modified four leg DSTATCOM Topology for compensation of Unbalanced and Non-linear loads in three phase four wire system", proceeding of European conference on Power electronics and applications (EPE), Sept 2011.
[4] Ch. N. Reddy, B. V. Reddy, B. C. Babu, "Performance Analysis Of Differential Current Control Techniques For VSI Connected To R-L Load", International journal of engineering trends in engineering and development, issue 2, vol.5, pp 627-635, July 2012
[5] N. K. Kummari, A. K. Singh, P. Kumar, "Comparative Evaluation of DSTATCOM Control Algorithms for Load Compensation", IEEE 2012

Abstract: Electrosurgery is a process where high frequency currents are utilized for performing surgical operations like cutting, fulguration, desiccation etc. But due to the change in tissue impedance and slow response of electrosurgical unit to the change in impedance results in output power fluctuation. This leads to charring of tissues. This paper presents a new high frequency converter topology which eliminates these unwanted responses by regulating the power. The simulation is done by using MATLAB/Simulink version 2016a and simulation results are presented.
Key Words: Electrosurgery, High frequency inverter,Elecrosurgical unit(ESU), Constant Current mode(CCM), Constant Voltage mode(CVM), Constant power mode(CPM)..

[1]. N. N. Massarweh, N. Cosgriff, and D. P. Slakey. "Electrosurgery: History, Principles, and Current and Future Uses." Journal of the American College of Surgeons, vol. 202, pp. 520-530, Mar. 2006.
[2]. D. A. Friedrichs, R. W. Erickson, and J. Gilbert, "A New System Architecture Improves Output Power Regulation in Electrosurgical Generators", 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS Boston, Massachusetts USA, August 30 - September 3, 2011.
[3]. M. Gulko and S. Ben-Yaakov, "Current-Sourcing Push-Pull Parallel Resonance Inverter (CS-PPRI): Theory and Application as a Fluorescent Lamp Driver," IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference, 1993 Record, pp. 411-417.
[4]. D. A. Friedrichs, R. W. Erickson, and J. Gilbert, "A New Dual CurrentMode Controller Improves Power Regulation in Electrosurgical Generators," Biomedical Circuits and Systems, IEEE Transactions on , vol.6, no.1, pp.39,44, Feb. 2012
[5]. R. W. Erickson, D. Maksimovic. Fundamentals of Power Electronics, second edition," Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, New York, 2001.

Abstract: Solar Photovoltaic power generation systems are progressively widespread with the rise in the energy demand, to reduce consumption of fossil fuels and the concern for the environmental pollution around the world. Solar cell performance is determined by its parameters short circuit current (Isc), open circuit voltage (Voc), and fill factor. This paper analyses theoretically the effect of temperature, irradiance on the performance of solar cell and Module.
Key Words: Solar PV cell, Irradiance, Temperature, Cell characteristics, Fill factor

[1] Subhash Chander, A.Purohit, Anshu Sharma, S.P.Nehra, M.P.Dhaka "Impact of temperature on performance of series and parallel connected mono crystalline silicon solar cells", Science Direct Energy reports,2015, pp.175-180.
[2] DK.Sharma, G.Prohit, " Analysis of effect of fill factor on the efficiency of solar pv systems for improved design of MPPT" 6th world conference on photo voltaic energy conversion.
[3] Francisco M. González-Longatt Model of Photovoltaic Module in Matlab, 2do Congreso Iberoamericano De Estudiantes De Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónicay Computación (II CIBELEC 2005), pages1-5, 2014.
[4] Pradhan Arjyadhara Ali, S.M. Jena chitralekh " Analysis of solar PV cell performance with changing
[5] irradiance and temperature", Journal of Engineering and computer science, vol.2, issue1, 2013.

Abstract: The wireless humidity monitor is widely used in several research laboratories, hospital's store, industries for research, treatment and diagnosis of the patients, production, storing food and beverage etc. The aim of this research work is to design and development of a low cost, portable microcontroller based wireless humidity monitor. The humidity monitor has been designed using the sensor module DHT22. The sensor operates in capacitive principle i.e. changes in relative humidity (RH) of the surrounding air cause a change in dielectric constant of the polymer film leading to a change of sensor capacitance. The module converts this capacitance change into analog voltage. The DHT22 sensor provides analog voltage for both temperature and humidity. The sensor is connected with Arduino.........
Key Words: Humidity monitor, microcontroller, DHT22 sensor, Arduino-UNO, RF 433MHz transmitter and Arduino software.

[1]. M. J. Manashti, H. Ghamarnia, S. Amirian, R. M. Nezhad, Design GSM-SMS based system for old structured greenhouses with monitoring and logging network sensors, International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, Vol. 3, PP. 1497-1507, 2012.
[2]. T. Murugan, A. Periasamy, S. Muruganand, Embedded based Industrial Temperature Monitoring System using GSM, International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol. 58, PP. 8875 – 8887, 2012.
[3]. M. J. Manashti, H. Ghamarnia, S. Amirian, R. M. Nezhad, Design GSM-SMS based system for old structured greenhouses with monitoring and logging network sensors, International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, Vol. 3, PP. 1497-1507, 2012.
[4]. M. B. Ullah, H. Kabir,T. S. Roy, A Mehbub, K. G. Martuza, M. R. Ali, M. A. M. Chowdhury, Design and Development of Low Cost Security Alarm Using Optoelectronic Device, IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vol. 10 (4), PP. 19-23, 2015.
[5]. M. Hasan, K. G. Martuza, T. S. Roy, A Mehbub, H. Kabir, F. Hafiz, F. Akter, M Hoq, M. A. M. Chowdhury, Design and Development of Floor Contamination Monitor for Gamma Ray Measurement, International Journal of Research in Electronics & Communication, Vol. 4 (6), PP. 23-30, 2016.

Abstract: In power sector, with increase in voltage level in transmission, there is a need for new insulating material with better electrical and mechanical performance at affordable cost. But the major problem posed in using high voltages is different from those encountered at low voltages. Some major problems in high voltage are transients, interruptions, sag, swell, voltage fluctuation, corona, frequency variation. One major problem under wet conditions, insulators are vulnerable to corona discharges. If the corona is allowed to occur continuously it will collapse the system. This paper mainly concentrated on analysis of aging phenomenon of unfilled and filled silicone rubber Nano composites materials. An AC voltage of 8kv is applied continuously for the required duration of about 30 hours of aging. Corona discharge will be generated by needle plate electrode enclosed in a large chamber. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used to analyze the performance of the samples. This paper is concentrated on review the performance of the nanocomposites material which is much better than the unfilled silicone rubber materials.

[1]. Venkatesulu B. and Joy Thomas M (2010), "Corona Aging studies on Silicone Rubber Nanocomposites", IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp.625-634.
[2]. Kim J, Chaudhury M.K and Owen M.J (1999), "Hydrophobicity Loss and Recovery of Silicone HV Insulation", IEEE Transaction on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation., Vol. 6, pp. 695-702.
[3]. Moreno V. M., Gorur R. S and (2003), "Impact of Corona on Long-Term Performance of Non-ceramic Insulators", IEEE Transaction on Dielectric and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 10, pp. 80-95.
[4]. Kozakao M, Fuse N, Ohki Y, Okamoto T and Tanaka T (2004), "Surface Degradation of Polyamide Nanocomposites caused by Partial Discharge using IEC (b) Electrode", IEEE Transaction on Dielectric and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 11, No. 5, pp. 833-839.
[5]. Lan Lei, Wen Xishan and Cai Dengke (2004), "Corona Ageing Tests of RTV and RTV Nano composite Materials", IEEE International Conference on Solid Dielectric, pp.804-807

Abstract: The Existing domestic Energy meter reading systems universally exist many problems, such as difficulty in construction, too narrow bandwidth, too low rate, poor real time, not two way communication quickly etc. To solve above problems, this paper uses the wireless technology for Automatic Meter Reading system. A proposed method provides the communication between the Electricity Board section and the consumer section using Internet of things (IOT) for transmitting the customer's electricity consumption and bill information that is calculated using ARM7 microcontroller. The power fluctuations are monitored using the voltage sensor and current sensor are fed............

Keywords: Internet of things, ARM7 microcontroller, Energy meter and Global System for Mobile

[1] Dinesh Prasanth M K ,"Live Energy Meter Reading and Billing System through GPRS" International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 4 Issue 05, May-2015
[2] Gobhinath.S, Gunasundari.N, Gowthami.P., "Internet of Things (IOT) Based Energy Meter" nternational Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 03 Issue: 04 | Apr-2016 p-ISSN: 2395-0072
[3] Birendrakumar Sahani, Tejashree Ravi, Akibjaved Tamboli , Ranjeet Pisal," IoT Based Smart Energy Meter".International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 04 | Apr -2017 p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Abstract: Digital processing of ECG for arrhythmia analysis is very much dependent upon the ECG sapling resolution. However, over sampling may increase the processing cose and under sampling may introduce error in the analysis as vital information may be lost due to under sampling. Therefore, an optimized sampling is very much required for accurate arrhythmia analysis. There is a trade off between sampling rate and accuracy in analysis. However, an optimum solution may be achieved using the descimation filter in analog to digital conversion. The existing decimation filters in ADC suffers from the drawback of high sampling even for a constant signal due to very instant nature of the input signal. However, the sampling rate may be varied if a dynamic window is used to gate the input signal and then analog to digital conversion is performed. This enhances the maximum utilization of available bandwidth of the input signal

Keywords: ADC, ECG, Decimation Filter

[1]. Li Hongqin "Digital Decimation Filter Design and simulation for Delta-Sigma ADC with High Performance" 2007 IEEE, pp. 922-925.
[2]. Khalid H. Abed, Shailesh B. Nerurkar , Stephen Colaco "Design and Implementation of a Decimation Filter For High Performance Audio Applications" 2007 IEEE, pp. 812-815.
[3]. K. Shunhagavalli, Dr. P. Vanaiaranian, "An Area Optimization of Decimation Filter Using CSD Representation For Hearing Aid Application" ISSC 2006, pp. 303-307.
[4]. Khalid H. Abed, Shailesh B. Nerurkar, "Low Power and Hardware Efficient Decimation Filter" 2003IEEE, pp. 454-459.
[5]. Yonghao Wang, and Joshua Reiss "Time Domain Performance of Decimation Filter Architectures for High Resolution Sigma Delta Analogue to Digital Conversion" AES 132nd Convention paper 2012, April 26–29.

Abstract: With increasing human population drinking water demands are going to constantly increase which is expected to deplete water sources at ever increasing rate. United Nations SDG goals recognize this issue and identifies access to safe water is essential to human health and to environmental sustainability and economic prosperity of human kind. To cater to this need Government of India has initiated a program called "Har Ghar Jal" to provide safe drinking water to every household premise in India by 2030. In this paper, current national scenario on drinking water and its challenges are analyzed for rural and remote areas of India. Alternative water source namely atmospheric water has been assessed and atmospheric water generator............

Keywords: AWG, SDG, Har Ghar Jal, superhydrophobic surface, supercapacitor

[1] http://www.undp.org/. Accessed: March 2018
[2] R Sevak and A Gimble, Har Ghar Jal 2030, Current Status and Next Steps, Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Government of India, 2017.
[3] http://www.mdws.gov.in/. Accessed: March 2018
[4] http://indiawater.gov.in. Accessed: March 2018
[5] bis.org.in. Accessed: March 2018

Abstract: Minimizing the generation cost is one of the main concerns in power system and it is usually defined as the Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem, the equality constraint of this optimization problem is nonlinear due to the power losses of the transmission lines, where the power losses can be given either by a nonlinear function of generation powers or it can determined from the load flow, which is also a set of non linear equations, due to the nonlinearity of the power losses all the optimization techniques either deterministic or heuristic are locating the solution of OPF iteratively, in this paper an explicit solution of the OPF without need of iteration is proposed, the proposed equation depends on the B coefficient matrices, combined with the Lagrange method to cover the power losses and the generation limit constraints. The proposed equation was used to determine the OPF of IEEE 26 buses system, the results show that the proposed equation gave the same minimum cost that can be obtained from the Lagrange method.

Keywords: Optimal power flow, Lagrange, Power losses, Explicit solution, Generation limits.

[1] Bouktir, Tarek, Linda Slimani, and M. Belkacemi. "A genetic algorithm for solving the optimal power flow problem." Leonardo Journal of Sciences 4 (2004): 44-58.
[2] Conejo, Antonio J., Francisco D. Galiana, and Ivana Kockar. "Z-bus loss allocation." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems16.1 (2001): 105-110.
[3] Sivasubramani, Swarup, and K. S. Swarup. "Multi-objective harmony search algorithm for optimal power flow problem." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems33.3 (2011): 745-752.
[4] Bhowmik, Arup Ratan, and A. K. Chakraborty. "Solution of optimal power flow using nondominated sorting multi objective gravitational search algorithm." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 62 (2014): 323-334.
[5] AlRashidi, Mohammed R., and Mohamed E. El-Hawary. "A survey of particle swarm optimization applications in electric power systems." IEEE transactions on evolutionary computation 13.4 (2009): 913-918.

Abstract: The temperature monitoring and control system can be done in computer (PC) using Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbench (LABVIEW) software. To obtain the quality of service in the industries, data acquisition plays an important role. The main purpose of using LABVIEW is for data acquisition. The temperature is measured by the temperature sensor (LM-35) and the obtained analog signal is processed by the microcontroller (LPC-1768). The LABVIEW acquires data from the microcontroller through USB port for further processing of the data. The data is processed and displayed in the LABVIEW. The system control and automation can be done through the help of control circuitry in the LABVIEW. There are two modes, "automatic" and "manual", in which either one can be selected in the LABVIEW. The temperature values obtained can be stored into the excel sheet through the LABVIEW.

Keywords: LABVIEW, LPC-1768, VISA 5.2 driver, LM35 temperature sensor, L293D motor driver, automatic mode, manual mode.

[1]. S. Rajesh Kumar and S. Ramesh kumar, "INDUSTRIAL TEMPERATURE MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM THROUGH ETHERNET LAN", M.E Communication System, PGP College of Engineering and Technology, India
[2]. Nie Chun-yan1, Xu Shan-shan2, and Ji Shu-jiao1, "Data Acquisition and Realization of Communication Transmission Based on LabVIEW", 2012 International Conference on Computer Science and Electronics Engineering, DOI 10.1109/ICCSEE.2012.191.
[3]. Shyam.R.Nair, Venkatesh Thalaimalayan, "Design of a LabVIEW Based Real Time Simulator for ABS Tester", International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 5, May 2012.
[4]. Subhransu Padhee, Yaduvir Singh, "Data Logging and Supervisory Control of Process Using Lab VIEW", Proceeding of the 2011 IEEE Students', Technology Symposium 14-16 January, 2011, lIT Kharagpur.
[5]. Guangling Guo, Zhiqiang Li, Fan Yang, "Design of High Speed Pulse Data Acquisition System Based on FPGA and USB", 2011 International Conference on Multimedia Technology (ICMT).

Abstract: The temperature monitoring and control system can be done in computer (PC) using Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbench (LABVIEW) software. To obtain the quality of service in the industries, data acquisition plays an important role. The main purpose of using LABVIEW is for data acquisition. The temperature is measured by the temperature sensor (LM-35) and the obtained analog signal is processed by the microcontroller (LPC-1768). The LABVIEW acquires data from the microcontroller through USB port for further processing of the data. The data is processed and displayed in the LABVIEW. The system control and automation can be done through the help of control circuitry in the LABVIEW. There are two modes, "automatic" and "manual", in which either one can be selected in the LABVIEW. The temperature values obtained can be stored into the excel sheet through the LABVIEW.

Keywords: LABVIEW, LPC-1768, VISA 5.2 driver, LM35 temperature sensor, L293D motor driver, automatic mode, manual mode.

[1] S. Rajesh Kumar and S. Ramesh kumar, "INDUSTRIAL TEMPERATURE MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM THROUGH ETHERNET LAN", M.E Communication System, PGP College of Engineering and Technology, India
[2] Nie Chun-yan1, Xu Shan-shan2, and Ji Shu-jiao1, "Data Acquisition and Realization of Communication Transmission Based on LabVIEW", 2012 International Conference on Computer Science and Electronics Engineering, DOI 10.1109/ICCSEE.2012.191.
[3] Shyam.R.Nair, Venkatesh Thalaimalayan, "Design of a LabVIEW Based Real Time Simulator for ABS Tester", International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 5, May 2012.
[4] Subhransu Padhee, Yaduvir Singh, "Data Logging and Supervisory Control of Process Using Lab VIEW", Proceeding of the 2011 IEEE Students', Technology Symposium 14-16 January, 2011, lIT Kharagpur.
[5] Guangling Guo, Zhiqiang Li, Fan Yang, "Design of High Speed Pulse Data Acquisition System Based on FPGA and USB", 2011 International Conference on Multimedia Technology (ICMT).