iosr-JEEE   Volume-9 ~ Issue-4 ~ July-August 2014

Abstract: The floating point operations are critical to implement on FPGAs due to their complexity of their algorithms. Thus, many scientific problems require floating point arithmetic with high levels of accuracy in their calculations. Therefore, in this paper the proposed work is explored FPGA implementation of Addition/Subtraction for IEEE double precision floating point numbers. This kind of unit can be tremendously useful in the FPGA implementation of complex systems that benefits from the parallelism of the FPGA device. The implementation of 64 bit double precision floating point Adder/Subtractor results are compared with the previous results. The design is in Verilog Hardware description language (HDL) and implemented on FPGA. The verilog code first simulated with isim and synthesized using Xilinx ISE14.1i. The proposed double precision adder/Subtractor Modules are compliant with IEEE754 format and handle the various rounding conditions. Floating point adder/Subtractor is the most frequent floating point operation. Floating point adders are critically important components in modern microprocessors and digital signal processors.

Keywords: FPGA, Floating Point, Verilog, Double precision, Adder/Subtractor, IEEE754.

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[4] B. Lee and N. Burgess, "Parameterisable Floating-point Operations on FPGA", Conference Record of the Thirty-Sixth Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers, (2002).
[5] P. Belanovic and M. Leeser, "A Library of Parameterized Floating-Point Modules and Their Use", in 12th International Conference on Field-Programmable Logic and Applications (FPL-02). London, UK: Springer-Verlag, (2002) September, pp. 657–666.

Abstract: This paper describes the application of an artificial neural network (ANN) for location of transmission line faults. Three phase post fault samples of currents and voltages taken at one end of transmission line are used as inputs. Simulation studies have been carried out extensively on two power system models : one in which transmission line is fed from one end and the other in which transmission line is fed from both ends.The models are subjected to different types of faults at different operating conditions for variations in fault location, fault inception angle and fault point resistance. The results presented confirm the feasibility of the proposed scheme.

Keywords: Artificial Neural Network, Fault location, Transmission line.

[1]. Jianyin Liu ; Zhong Zheng, Fault location and type identification ontransmission line using a novel traveling wave method, International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE), IEEE CONFERENCE PUBLICATIONS ,2012 , 290 – 293.
[2]. M. Abedini,, A. Hasani, A.H. Hajbabaie, V. Khaligh, A new traveling wave fault location algorithm in series compensated transmission line, 21st Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE), IEEE CONFERENCE PUBLICATIONS 2013 , 1 – 6.

[3]. M. Gilany, D. K. Ibrahim, and E.S.T. Eldin, Traveling-Wave-Based Fault-Location Scheme for Multiend-Aged Underground Cable System, IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, 22(1) (2007), 82-89.
[4]. M. Abedin, A. Hasani, A.H. Hajbabaie and V. Khaligh, A new traveling wave location algorithm in series compensated transmission line, IEEE Conference Publications, 21st Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE), 2013, 1 – 6.
[5]. K Saravanababu, P. Balakrishnan and K. Sathiyasekar, Transmission line faults detection, classification, and location using Discrete Wavelet Transform, International Conference on Power, Energy and Control (ICPEC), 2013 , 233 – 238.

Abstract: This Paper presents an analysis of voltage stability in distribution systems, in the presence of distributed generation (DG). This paper include Steady state voltage and current and load Flow steady for reduce loss in power distribution system. In this paper included result of Matlab model and MIPower Experiments for voltage stability improvement of Distributed Generation. IN this paper mainly the focus is to minimize the power losses so that the voltage stability of distributed generation improved as a result.
Keywords: Distributed Generation, Radial Distribution Network, Voltage Stability,Dynamic stability, Electromagnetic Transient, Relay Coordination, Reliability, and Transient Stability etc.

[1]. Chowdhury S, Chowdhury SP, Crossley P.2009. Micro grids and Active Distribution Networks. 1st ed. London. IET Renewable Energy Series
[2]. Willis H. L, 2000. Analytical methods and rules of thumb for modeling DG distribution interaction. IEEE Proc. PES summer meeting, vol.3, pp. 1643-.
[3]. Wang C, and Nehrir MH. 2004. Analytical approach for optimal placement of distributed generation sources in Power systems. IEEE Trans. PWRS.
[4]. Griffin T, Tomosovic K, Secrest D, and Law A. 2000 Placement of Dispersed Generation systems for reduced Losses. In proceedings of 33rd Annual Hawaii International conference on systems sciences, Maui, Hawaii.
[5]. Mardanesh M, and Gharehpattan GB. 2004. Siting and sizing of DG units using GA and OPF based technique. IEEE Region 10 Conference.

Abstract: The Kalman Filter (KF) is used to optimally estimate system states from the sequential noisy measurements of the outputs. On the other hand, real-time systems are often modeled with uncertainties and time-delays. Developing KF algorithms for such systems is an important problem to obtain optimal state estimates by utilizing the information on uncertainties and time-delays. First, designing of KF for nominal discrete-time systems is studied. Considering the covariance of the error in the estimation the KF algorithm is derived which is further tested on a numerical example. A designed KF is tested on a real-time problem i.e. Active Queue Management (AQM) problem.In Internet routers, Active Queue Management (AQM) is a technique that consists in dropping or Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) marking packets before a router's queue is full.

Keywords: Active Queue Management,Explicit Congestion Notification, discrete time system, time-delay

[1]. Antonis Papachristodouluo and Ali Jadbaaie, "Delay Robustness of Nonlinear Internet Congection Control Schemes", IEEE Transaction on aytomatic control, Volume 55, pp- 1421-1427,(2010).
[2]. Mital A Gandhi, and Lamine Mili, "Roust Kalman Filter based on a Generalized Maximum- Likegood-Type Estimator", IEEE Transaction on Signal Processing, Volume 58, pp-2509-2520,(2010).
[3]. Rodrigo Fontes Souto and Joao Yoshiyuki Ishihara, "Robust Kalman Filter for Discrete-Time Systems With Correlated Noise", Ajaccio, France, 2008.
[4]. Ashvin Lakshmikantha, Carolyn L. Beck, and R. Srikant, "Robustness of Real and Virtual Queue- Based Active Queue Management Schemes", IEEE/ACM Transaction on networking, Volume 13, pp- 81-93,(2005).
[5]. X.Lu, H.Zhang and W.Wang, "Kalman Filtering for Multiple Time Delay System", Automatica, Volume 41, pp- 1455-1461 (2005).

Abstract: This paper presented a robust PID controller design for time delay system. Utilizing the gain-phase margin tester method, a specification-oriented parameter region in the parameter plane that characterizes all admissible controller coefficients sets can be obtained. The PID controller gains are then directly selected from the parameter region. And the designed controller can guarantee the system at least a pre-specified safety margin to compensate for instability induced by time delay. A compromise between the performances of the system with the above mentioned and smith predictor is also included. The simulations are carried by TRUETIME network simulator for virtually implementation of NETWORKED CONTROL SYSTEM. The simulation results proves the mentioned PID controller is performs good time response and also compensate the delay is obtained efficiently.

Index Terms: Non-minimum phase system, network control system, delays Compensation, gain margin, phase margin, PID controller,and Distributed system.

[1]. Ying J. Huang And Yuan-Jay Wang. Robust Pid Controller Design For Non-Minimum Phase Time Delay Systems, Isa Transactions 40(2001)31-39
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[3]. A.T. Shenton And Z. Shafiei, Relative Stability For Control Systems With Adjustable Parameters.J.Ofguidance, Control And Dynamics17 (1994),Pp. 304–310.
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[5]. C.H. Chang And K.W. Han, Gain Margins And Phase Margins For Control Systems With Adjustable Parameters.J.Ofguidance, Control, And Dynamics 13 3 (1990),Pp. 404–408.

Abstract: Inverse Kinematic (IK) model of Dexter ER2 Robotic Arm and its implementation using wireless embedded system for object sorting application was presented in this work. Dexter ER2 Robotic Arm is a vertical articulated serial robot arm built by using DC servo motors. IK modeling of robot arm was carried out in PC by using geometric method which determines the joint angles of the robot arm for required end-effector position. Determined joint angles are transmitted from PC to ARM microcontroller LPC2148 using long range Zigbee wireless communication. LPC2148 was programmed in embedded 'C' in such a way that it receives the joint angles through long range Zigbee wireless communication and converts into corresponding PWM signals to control the DC servo motors for robot arm end-effector position. The results were taken for different points, where the end-effector can reach in its workspace. LabVIEW software package was used for modeling and transmitting the joint angles to the LPC2148.

Keywords: IK Modeling, ARM microcontroller, Robot arm, LabVIEW and Zigbee.

[1] AlenRajan, Aby K. Thomas, Rejin Mathew, A Comparative Performance Analysis of ARM based Web Servers with Integrated and External Ethernet Interfaces for Industrial Applications, International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 44– No.21, April 2012.
[2] JamshedIqbal, Razaul Islam, and Hamza Khan, Modeling and Analysis of a 6 DOF Robotic Arm Manipulator, Canadian Journal on Electrical and Electronics Engineering , Vol 3, No 6, July 2012,pp: 300–306.
[3] Mark S., Seth H. and VidyasagarM., Robot modeling and control, John Wiley & Sons, 2006.
[4] Tsai L.W., Robot Analysis: The mechanics of serial and parallel manipulators, John Wiley & Sons, 1999.
[5] Sanjay Lakshminarayan, ShwetaPatil, Position Control of Pick and Place Robotic Arm, International Conference On Engineering Innovation and Technology, ISBN : 978-93-81693-77-3, Nagpur, 1st, July, 2012

Abstract: This paper presents a weight improved particle swarm optimization (WIPSO) algorithm to solve economic load dispatch problem of fossil fuel generating plants. The proposed methodology takes care of economic dispatch problems considering constraints such as power balance loading, ramp rate limits and generating limit. Particle swarm optimization is a population based technique that can be applied to a wide range of engineering problems. Particle swarm optimization with a weight improved-search strategy called WIPSO, enhances the ability of particles to explore the solution spaces more effectively and increases their convergence rate.To demonstrate the qualitiveness and effectiveness of the proposed approach, a test system consisting of three-unit generating unit, within co-orporation of power balance constraints, operating limits and ramp rate limits are taken into account.. The current proposal reveals the effectiveness and robustness as compared to other heuristic algorithms reported in literature

Keywords: Economic load Dispatch (ELD), Weight improved particle swarm optimization (WIPSO), Valve point effect, Ramp Rate Limits.

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prohibited operating zones,"Electric Power System Research, vol. 77, issue 10, pp. 1292-1296, 2007.
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Abstract: A lightning protection system performs a simple task. It provides a specified path on which lightning can travel. When a building structure is equiped with a lightning protection system, the distructive power of the lightning strike is directed safely into the ground, leaving structures and equipment unharmed. This paper provides a comprehensive guidance for selection and installation of protection devices for building structures.

Key words: Lightning protection, building structures, system performance, lightning strike and Surge suppression

[1] National Fire Protection Association, NFPA 780, Standard for the Installation Protection System.

[2] Michael L. Henshan "Protection against Lightning, A UK guide to the practical application of BS EN 62305" British Standards, 2007.
[3] Lightning Protection Guide 45. German Standard DIN 0151: 1986-06. Available at www.dehn.de

[4] Lightning Protection Institute (LPI); LPI 175, Standard of practice for the design-installation-inspection of lightning protection systems.

[5] LPI 177, Standard of Inspection Guide for certified Systems.