iosr-JRME   Volume-13 ~ Issue-3 ~ May – June 2023

Abstract: Government spending on education is an indication of society commitment to equip its citizen with sound knowledge, skills, and values for them to effective function in society. For this reason, after World War II, International cooperation in education had compelled governments to invest in education to increase universal access to quality education. Despite adopting these international treaties, declarations and recommendations, many countries seem to still be lagging in meeting the recommended threshold of least 4-6 percent of GDP or 15-20 percent of total public spending on education. Even though there seems to be little improvement in education funding across the......

Key Word: school enrollment, government expenditure, recurrent and development

[1]. African Development Bank Group (2020). Africa Economic Outlook 2020: Supplement amid COVID-19. ISBN 978-9973-9973-9848-8-3. Retrieved from https://www.afdb.org/sites/default/files/documents
[2]. Al-Samarrai, S., Cerdan-Infantes, P., & Lehe, J. (2019). Mobilizing resources for education and improving spending effectiveness:Establishing realistic benchmarks based on past trends. Policy Research Working Paper 8773. Retrieved from
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/
[3]. Carbonnier, G., Carton, M., & king, K. (2014). International Education and Development: Histories, Parallels, Crossroads. Education, learning and Training. https://doi.org/10.4000/poldev.1767
[4]. Craigwell, R., Wright, A. S., & Freckleton, M. (2012). Foreign direct investment, economic growth, and corruption in developing economies.
[5]. Evans, D. K., & Ghosh, A. (2008). Prioritizing educational investments in children in the developing world, RAND working paper, 587, 1-35

Abstract: Despite more than two decades of implementing the compulsory basic education policy by the Ministry of Education and considerably increase in students' enrolment at all levels, the education system is still face with huge overage problems. There are concerns about high over-age children, dropout, and repetition rate in the country. The situation raises question about the efficiency of the education system and government quest to achieve the sustainable development goal number four by 2030. The purpose of this study was to examine efficiency in basic and compulsory education in Liberia through the analysis of national enrolment and repetition data available.....

Keywords: At age, Overage, Repetition rate.

[1]. Akyeampong, K., Djangmah, J., Oduro, A., Seidu, A., & Hunt, F. (2007). Access to Basic Education: The evidence and the issues. CREATE.
[2]. Ampiah, G. & Adu-Yeboah, C. (2009). Mapping the incidence of school dropouts: a case study of communities in Northern Ghana. Comparative Education, 45 (2) (2009), pp. 219-233
[3]. Brophy, J. (2006). Grade Repetition. Education Policy Series No. 6. Paris: International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP).
[4]. Darvas, P. & Namit, K. (2016). How do you solve a problem like over-age enrolment? Retrieved from
https://blogs.worldbank.org/education/how-do-you-solve-problem-over-age-enrolment
[5]. Dufitumukiza, A., Wanjala, G., & Khatete, I. (2021). New year basic eduction policy interventions and student's enrolments rates at lower secondary level: A lesson from Rwanda. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Leadership Studies, 291), 94-112. DOI: 10.29252/johepal.2.1.94.

Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive review of the utilization of Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and its six constituent theories to augment learning motivation among Vietnamese students. SDT posits that individuals are driven to pursue experiences that fulfil their fundamental psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. The application of SDT in the educational landscape of Vietnam has emerged as a promising approach to bolstering learning motivation. The core principles of autonomy, competence, and relatedness have been effectively implemented within classrooms and schools, resulting in heightened intrinsic motivation, engagement......

Key Word: Learning motivation; Self-Determination Theory; Vietnamese education

[1]. Valarmathie Gopalan; Juliana Aida Abu Bakar; Abdul Nasir Zulkifli; Asmidah Alwi; Ruzinoor Che Mat, "A review of the motivation theories in learning," AIP Conference Proceedings, 2017.
[2]. J. Brophy, Motivating Students to Learn, 2013.
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[4]. T.W. Malone and M.R. Lepper, "Making learning fun: A taxonomy of intrinsic motivations for learning," in Aptitude, learning, and instruction, 1987, pp. 223-253.
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[5]. Maarten Vansteenkiste, Eline Sierens, Luc Goossens, Bart Soenens, Filip Dochy, Athanasios Mouratidis, Nathalie Aelterman, Leen Haerens, Wim Beyers, "Identifying configurations of perceived teacher autonomy support and structure: Associations with self-regulated learning, motivation and problem behavior," Learning and Instruction, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 431-439, 2012..

Abstract: This research aims to analyze the impact of Law No. 28 of 2014 on the protection of intellectual property rights in the broadcasting of Korean dramas. In the era of globalization and digital content dissemination, the Korean drama broadcasting industry faces significant challenges related to intellectual property rights. Through a normative legal approach and document analysis, this research examines the implications of Law No. 28 of 2014 in the context of Korean drama broadcasting. The research involves the collection of secondary data consisting of Law No. 28 of 2014, its implementing regulations, and related literature. The findings indicate that Law No. 28 of 2014 has a significant impact on the protection of intellectual property rights in the broadcasting of Korean dramas. This law provides......

Keywords: Law No. 28 of 2014, Intellectual Property Rights, Korean Drama Broadcasting, Legal Protection, Implications.

[1]. Priyanto, A., & Kristiyanto, A. (2018). Implementation of Intellectual Property Rights Protection in the Broadcasting of Korean Dramas in Indonesia. Journal of Constitutional Law, 7(3), 417-430.
[2]. Fitriani, I. (2020). The Influence of Law No. 28 of 2014 on the Broadcasting of Korean Dramas in Indonesia. Journal of Justice, 8(2), 237-253
[3]. Nugroho, A., & Wahyuni, E. (2021). Implementation of Law No. 28 of 2014 in Protecting the Intellectual Property Rights of Korean Dramas in Indonesia. Law Journal, 30(1), 123-136.
[4]. Rahmat, A., & Purwaningsih, W. (2022). Review of the Implementation of Law No. 28 of 2014 in Protecting the Intellectual Property Rights of Korean Dramas in Indonesia. Journal of Legal Studies and Human Rights, 5(1), 67-82.
[5]. Anugrah, A. (2019). Implementation of Intellectual Property Rights in the Broadcasting Industry of Korean Dramas in Indonesia. Journal of Law and Development, 49(1), 27-40.

Abstract: Choosing a career is an important road curve that must be negotiated by every individual in the quest to fulfilling their dreams. Career choice is often a complex decision for most high school students in Kenya especially in form two when they are expected to choose subjects that might serve as a key determinant of the kind of profession that they pursue in life. Many of these students often are faced with uncertainty and stress as they make career choices. Many of them do not research adequately on the career they intend to choose, nor do they receive adequate guidance from school educators/counselors. Consequently many high school students go into unsuitable careers due to ignorance, inexperience, peer pressure, advice from friends, parents, and teachers, or as a result of prestige attached to certain jobs without......

[1]. Erik J. Porfeli, Bora Lee (2012) Career development during childhood and adolescence. Affiliations .PMID: 22826162DOI: 10.1002/yd.20011
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[3]. Gati and Saka, 2001Gati, I., & Saka, N. (2001). High school students' career-related decision-making difficulties. Journal of Counseling & Development, 79(3), 331–340. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.2001.tb01978.x
[4]. Hewitt J., (2010). Factors influencing career choice. Cited from www.ehow.com on August 13, 2020.
[5]. Howard and Walsh, 2011) Howard, K. A. S., & Walsh, M. E. (2011). Children's conceptions of career choice and attainment: Model development. Journal of Career Development, 38(3), 256–271. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845310365851.

Abstract: Background: Using a VR laboratory requires skill or skill in moving your hands to press buttons or other available tools, as is done by someone in general when playing a game. So this is also suspected to affect someone's desire or interest in operating this VR laboratory. From experience in the field when conducting trials using VR laboratories, someone who is used to playing games tends to find it easier to operate a VR laboratory compared to people who rarely play games. Based on the research results on the factors that influence a person's addiction to games, data obtained from comparing the number of game users between men and women are dominated by men.....

Keywords: virtual laboratory, perception, gender, learning, chemistry

[1]. Georgiou, J., Dimitropoulos, K., & Manitsaris, A. (2007). A virtual reality laboratory for distance education in chemistry. International Journal of Social Sciences, 2(1), 34-41.
[2]. Reeves, S. M., Crippen, K. J., & McCray, E. D. (2021). The varied experience of undergraduate students learning chemistry in virtual reality laboratories. Computers & Education, 175, 104320.
[3]. Janonis, A., Kiudys, E., Girdžiūna, M., Blažauskas, T., Paulauskas, L., & Andrejevas, A. (2020, October). Escape the lab: Chemical experiments in virtual reality. In International Conference on Information and Software Technologies (pp. 273-282). Springer, Cham.
[4]. Su, C. H., & Cheng, T. W. (2019). A sustainability innovation experiential learning model for virtual reality chemistry laboratory: An empirical study with PLS-SEM and IPMA. Sustainability, 11(4), 1027.
[5]. Ferrell, J. B., Campbell, J. P., McCarthy, D. R., McKay, K. T., Hensinger, M., Srinivasan, R., ... & Schneebeli, S. T. (2019). Chemical exploration with virtual reality in organic teaching laboratories. Journal of Chemical Education, 96(9), 1961-1966..

Abstract: This Article Discusses The Importance Of Advanced Monitoring In Clinical Trials, Which Is Becoming Increasingly Crucial In Ensuring Patient Safety And Data Integrity. The First Section Highlights The Need For Advanced Monitoring, Particularly As Clinical Trials Become More Complex And Global. The Second Section Explores Remote Monitoring, Including Its Advantages And Limitations In Clinical Trial Settings. The Third Section Examines The Use Of Wearable Devices For Continuous Monitoring And Adherence Tracking, Providing Examples Of Their Successful Implementation In Various Clinical Trials. The Fourth Section Discusses The Use Of Electronic Data....

Keywords: Clinical Trials, Advanced Monitoring, Patient-Reported Outcomes, Data Safety Monitoring Boards, Artificial Intelligence.

[1]. Gupta, A. K., & Arora, D. (2022). Advanced monitoring in clinical trials. Indian Journal of Applied Research, 13(4), 1-5.
[2]. Weng, L., Zhang, L., & Jiang, X. (2021). Advanced Monitoring Techniques for Clinical Trials: An Overview. Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, 13(4), 222-228. DOI: 10.14740/jocmr4528.
[3]. Gulati, P., & Anand, A. (2022). Advanced monitoring in clinical trials: Ensuring safety of study participants. Perspectives in Clinical Research, 13(2), 68-72. doi: 10.4103/picr.PICR_370_21.
[4]. Burger, D. (2019). Advanced monitoring in clinical trials: strategies for optimizing efficiency and effectiveness. Clinical Investigation, 9(7), 677-686. doi: 10.4155/cli-2019-0014
[5]. Pawloski, M. A., Ozminkowski, R. J., & Scheunemann, D. W. (2016). Remote monitoring of clinical trials: a review of current practices. Journal of clinical research best practices, 12(1), 1-10. PMID: 27011020.

Abstract: Background: During Early Childhood, Children Are Subjected To Rapid Development Through High-Quality Education. Furthermore, Quality Of Education Can Be Enhanced By Evaluating The Components Of Early Childhood Education (ECE) Service Programs. One Determining Factor Of ECE Service Quality Is Teachers With High Personality Competency. Therefore, This Study Aimed To Evaluate Personality Competency Of Teachers. It Also Developed Instruments In The Form Of An Observation Sheet To Measure Personality Competency Of Teachers And Improve ECE Service Quality.......

Key Word: Development; Instrument; Personality Competency; Early Childhood Education.

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