iosr-JRME   Volume-7 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-Feb 2017

Abstract: Strength training is an essential element of fitness for virtually every sports man and woman. Long gone are the days when coaches believed strength training (resistance exercises) only added unnecessary bulk to the athlete, hindering their ability to execute skill, not knowing that strength training prevent injury. Injury rates among runners are extremely high. In fact, at beginner's level distance runners experience more injuries than athletes in any other sport, including football and gymnastics. This is because running involves an incredible amount of contact with soft and hard surfaces rather than other athletes. Every running stride places about three times the weight of your body on your foot, ankle, knee and hip joints. These landing forces stress your body structures............

Keywords: WordCount: 227

[1] Ada L, Dorsch S, Canning C G ( 2006). "Strengthening interventions increase strength and improve activity after stroke: a systematic review " Australian Journal of Physiotherapy. ;52(4):241-248.
[2] Andersen, R.E.; Jakicic, J.M. (2003). "Physical activity and weight management: Building the case for exercise". The Physicial and Sportsmedicine 31 (9).
[3] Biewener, A. A. (2003). Animal Locomotion. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 978-0198500223, Campos GE, Luecke TJ, Wendeln HK, et al. (2002). "Muscular adaptations in response to three different resistance-training regimens: specificity of repetition maximum training zones". Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 88 (1-2): 50–60.
[4] Delavier, Frederic (2001). Strength Training Anatomy. Human Kinetics Publishers. ISBN 0-7360-4185-0.
[5] Cooper, Kenneth C. (2005). The New Aerobics. Eldora, Iowa: Prairie Wind.

Abstract: The Language policy on Education (2004) states that the language of the immediate environment or mother tongue should be used as a medium of instruction at all preprimary level of Education until when a child gets to the upper primary level which would require the use of English as a medium of instruction. This is to enable a child who leaves home for formal learning to get acclimatize with the new learning environment. The status of the English Language in Nigeria has made it a world class language used across borders for all official purposes. However, many Nigerians today seem to have relegated the place of mother tongue to the background because of the erroneous assumption of the place of the English language. This notion, therefore, brought about the reversal status of the English language.............

Keywords: Status Reversal, ESL Context, Emerging Threat, National identity

[1] Anderson, Benedict (1991). Imagined Communities: reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism.Verso.p. 133. ISBN 0860915468.
[2] Aliyu, J. S. (2002). Enhancing the teaching and learning of English language in Nigerian secondary schools. In Perspectives on applied linguistics in language and literature. Ibadan: StirlingHorden Publishers (Nig) Ltd.
[3] Babatunde, S. T. (2002). The state of English language in Nigeria. In perspectives on applied linguistics in language and literature. Ibadan: StirlingHorden Publishers (Nig) Ltd.
[4] Bangbose, A. (1991). Language and the nation: The language question in Sub-sahara Africa. Edinburgh: University Press.
[5] Emenanjo, N. E. (1990). Multilingualism, minority languages and language policy in Nigeria. Agbor: Central Books Limited.

Abstract: Determination and establishment of the students' knowledge and skills in mathematics is an important task not only for the lecturers but also for the learners. The authors examine the role and results of one diagnostic test used before the topic of differential calculus in three technical universities. Interpretation of the results and timely adequate reactions are almost compulsory

Keywords: Diagnostic test, mathematics education; survey Likert-type scale; secondary-tertiary degree transition

[1]. L. Mustoe, & D. Lowson, (Editors), Mathematics for the European Engineer A Curriculum for the Twenty-First Century, SEFI Mathematics Working Group, SEFI HQ, Brussells, 2002, ISBN 2-87352-045-0.
[2]. M. Demlova, C. Fant, T. Gustafsson, D. Lawson, L. Mustoe, B. Olsson-Lehtonen, C. Robinson, D. Velichova, A Framework for Mathematics Curricula in Engineering Education, A Report of the Mathematics Working Group, Publisher: European Society for Engineering Education (SEFI), Brussels, 2013, ISBN 978-2-87352-007-6.
[3]. K. Dishlieva, From the Secondary School to the Technical University, or One Difficult Year for the First-Year Students, Bulgarian Journal of Science and Education Policy (BJSEP), 4(2), 2010, 248-275, ISSN 1313-1958.
[4]. K. Dishlieva, "Some Reasons for the lack of Success when Learning Mathematics in Technical Universities and Recommendations for their Overcoming", Bulgarian Journal of Science and Education Policy, 8(1), 2014, 192-215, 2014, ISSN 1313-1958.
[5]. S. Tsedendamba, K. Dishlieva, S. Petkova, Mathematical Preparation at School from the First Year Student's Point of View, Профессор Багш Нарын Эрдэм Шинжилгээний Бутээлийн Эмхэтгэл, УлаанБаатар Хот, 19(183), 2015, 461-466, ISSN 1560-8794.

Abstract: This Study is under taken to find out the factors that influence the job satisfaction of school teachers who work for different school situated in Sylhet City. Data have been collected from the teachers of different schools situated in Sylhet city. Structured, close ended questionnaire has been used to collect data adopting cluster sampling method. Data have analyzed and interpreted through pie charts using SPSS. It is found that few nonmonetary factors influence the teachers' job satisfaction.

Keywords: Job satisfaction, teachers' job satisfaction, Sylhet city.

[1]. Abdul Karim, 1992: Corpus of the Arabic and Persian Inscriptions of Bengal, Asiatic Society of Bengal, Dhaka, 1992, 8, 58, 270-73
[2]. Abu Iman 1967: "Ancient Sylhet: History and Tradition‟ in Sylhet: History and Heritage, pp 173-202; also Chakrabarti, Ancient Bangladesh, pp 158-59. Kamalakanta Gupta, Copper-Plates of Sylhet, Lipika Enterprises, Sylhet, 1967.
[3]. Baker, W. K. (2004). Antecedents and consequences of job satisfaction: Testing a comprehensive model using integrated methodology. Journal of Applied Business Research, 20(3), 31-44.
[4]. Banglapedia: http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Sylhet_City_Corporation 19-Nov-16 14:36:24
[5]. Bowen, B. E., & Radhakrishna, R. B. (1991). Job satisfaction of agricultural education faculty: A constant phenomena. Journal of Agricultural Education, 32 (2). 16-22.

Abstract: This study aims to identify and analyze (1) the integrity and personality of the leadership of headmaster (2) the leadership of headmaster in formulating and communicating the vision and mission of Islamic school (3) the leadership of headmaster in establishing communication with stakeholders and (4) the leadership of headmaster in building culture of academic quality and (5) to find a typology of leadership of headmaster.This study used a qualitative approach with phenomenological paradigm post- posivistic with case study design (case study)...........

Keywords: Leadership, Principals, Metavisioner, the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad

[1]. Antonio, Muhammad Syafie. 2007. Muhammad SAW: The Super Leader Super Manager. Jakarta: Tazkia Multimedia & ProLM Centre.
[2]. Basri, Hasan & Tatang. 2015. Kepemimpinan Pendidikan, bandung: Pustaka Setia
[3]. Bush, Tony & Coleman, Marianne. 2006b. Manajemen Strategis Kepemimpinan Pendidikan. Terjemhan Fahrurrozi. Yogyakarta: IRCiSoD.
[4]. Bass, Bernard M. 1981. Stogdills's Handbook of Leadership(A Survey of Theory and Research), Macmillan Publihsing, Canada, United State of America
[5]. Dawam, Ainurrafiq & Ta'arifin, Ahmad. 2004. Manajemen Islamic school Berbasis Pesantren. Yogyakarta: Lista Fariska Putera.

Abstract: This research examines the effectiveness of multi sensory approach for the purpose of reading CVC words among mild disabled students in the state of Kuwait. The discussion in this study is based on the multisensory approach that could be applied in the teaching of reading skills as well as phonemic awareness skills which could enable the students to acquire the early skills of reading. A total of 20 respondents were involved in the process of gathering data through the quantitative study method, which compromises of male and female mild intellectual disabled students. A pretest-postest method was applied in order to examine the effectiveness of the multisensory..............

Keywords: Multi sensory approach, CVC words, mild intellectual disability.

[1]. Abdulkhalik, A. S. (2014). The Effectiveness of a Phonological Awareness Training Intervention on Phonological Working Memory of Children with Intellectual Disabilities. International journal of psycho-educational sciences, 3(1), 50-55.
[2]. Alnahdi, G. H. (2015). teaching Reading for students with Intellectual Disabilities: A systematic Review International Education studies, 8(9).
[3]. Banks, T. (2008). Foreign language learning difficulties and learning strategiesb: San Rafael: CA.
[4]. Banks, T., 2008. Foreign language learning difficulties and learning strategiesb. San Rafael: CA.

Abstract: This is a conceptual paper to study artificial multicultural representations in higher education through French theorist Jean Baudrillard's postmodernist perspective. The study reviews literature and summarizes the evidence that higher education institutions are complicit in creation of hyperreality through multicultural misrepresentations in relationship to educational inequalities. The evidence outlined in the paper is analyzed using the postmodernist critical framework. Postmodernism refers to an emerging social reality, and focuses on cultural rather than economic or structural features (Kando, 1996). The framework is appropriate for this inquiry because it allows the reader.............

Keywords: Multiculturalism, Critical Race Theory (CRT), Hyperreality

[1]. Kando, T. (1996). Postmodernism: old wine in new bottles? International Journal on World Peace, 13(3), 3-33.
[2]. Moser, K. (2015). Deconstructing consumerist signs in an era of information: The post-semiotic philosophy of michel serres and jean baudrillard. Pennsylvania Literary Journal, 7(3), 94-122, 211.
[3]. Baudrillard, J., & Maclean, M. (1985). The Masses: The Implosion of the Social in the Media. New Literary History, 16(3), 577-589. doi:1. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/468841 doi:1
[4]. Wlodkowski, R. J., & Ginsberg, M. B. (1995). Diversity & motivation: culturally responsive teaching. jossey-bass higher and adult education series. jossey-bass Education series, jossey-bass social and behavioral science series. Jossey-Bass Inc., 350 Sansome St., San Francisco, CA 94104.
[5]. Zou, Y., & Trueba, E. T. (2002). Ethnography and schools: qualitative approaches to the study of education. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers

Abstract: Not participating in speaking activities is a common problems in the English as a Foreign Language bachelor classes of the second degree of Cantho University, Vietnam, but according to Ur (1996) speaking seems to be the most important skills of all the four skills. Many of the students are middle-aged ones that are used to Grammar translation method in their past study. To solve this problem, I used 'role- plays' to create many situations for them to speak out. Twenty four students of the 16th Language Kiengiang course trained by Cantho University were selected..............

Keywords: EFL, role-plays, speaking activities, speaking ability.

[1] Bachman, L., & Palmer, A. S. (1996). Language Testing in Practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[2] Brown, G., & Yule, G. (1995). Teaching the spoken language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[3] Canale, M., & Swain, M. (1980). Theoretical Bases of Communicative Approaches to Second Language Teaching and Testing. Applied Linguistics, 1, 1-47.
[4] Crookall, D., & Oxford, R. L. (1990b). The island game. In D. Crookall & R. L. Oxford (Eds.), Simulation, gaming, and language learning (pp. 251-259). New York: Newbury House.
[5] Doff, A. (1998). Teach English: A training Course for Teacher. Cambridge University Press

Abstract: Bilingual condition occurs mostly at Chinese ethnics, mainly for people who have not received higher education. On the other hands, multilingual condition occurs for people who have studied at least senior high school and global life. LSF theory with situational context (registers), the cultural context (genre), and the context of ideology (ideology). Text is all forms of the language, not just the words printed on sheets of paper, but also all kinds of expressions of communication, speech, music, pictures, sound effects, images and so on. Context includes all situations and things that are beyond the text and affects the use of language, such as the participants in the language, a situation in which the text is produced, its intended function. The relationship between meta-function and social context of discourse texts in Indonesian and English at communication systems of Chinese young generation ethnics in Medan is positive and increasingly close and shows a correlation between two variables.

[1]. Ali, Mohammad dan Mohammad Asrori. 2011. Psikologi Remaja: Perkembangan Peserta Didik. Jakarta: Bina Aksara.
[2]. Alwi, Hasan (ed.). 2001. Kalimat. Jakarta: Pusat Bahasa.
[3]. Arkunto, Suharsimi. 1993. Prosedur Penelitian. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
[4]. Baryadi, I. Praptomo. 2007. Teori Ikon Bahasa: Salah Satu Pintu Masuk ke Dunia Semiotika. Yogyakarta: Universitas Sanata Dharma.
[5]. Basarshah II, Luckman Sinar. 2006. Bangun dan Rutuhnya Kerajaan Melayu di Sumatera Timur. Medan: Yayasan Kesultanan Serdang.

Abstract: This study aimed at investigating the difficulties in making professional science teacher in the 21th century. To achieve this objectivea double response questionnaire combines with five point liker scale and open ended questions was used for the sample of the study which consisted of (77) teachers . Results showed the more acute difficulties facing the process of making professional science teachers, as seen by science teachers are: Administrative and organizational skills, personal and ethical domain, educational skills, specialized scientific literacy, which the least acute ones are Technologic skills, social skills. And the executive procedures needed for making professional science teacher..............

Keywords: Difficulties, Professionalism, science teacher, professional science teacher.

[1] Ahmad, Iazat Mohammad (2008). Developing science curriculum content for elementary stage according toscientific approaches in light of some universal projects and standardized levels of science curriculum content, scientific education Journal 11(4) pp. 119 – 144.
[2] Zaytoon, Aiesh (2010) contemporary universal trends in science curricula and teaching, Dar Ash shoring, Amman.
[3] Anbosi, ahalm and Abu-Osbah, Khaled (2013) perceptions of teachers educators in Al-quasimi academy about good teacher characteristics, university Journal 17 (2).
[4] Al- Ghamidi, HamedJamah (2003). Proposed training program for career growth of middle stage science teachers in light of universal standards and requirements of developed science curricula, publish PhD thesis, Faculty of education, OM-alquraUniversity.
[5] Unisco (2014). Teaching and learning, achieving quality for all, Unisco publications.

Abstract: The study focused on geometry concepts in mathematics perceived difficult to learn by senior secondary school students in Ekiti State, Nigeria. 500 senior secondary school two (SS2) students made up of 228 males and 272 females from thirty (30) co-educational schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria constituted the sample for the study using proportionate and random sampling techniques respectively. A 23-item Questionnaire on Geometry Concepts in Mathematics Perceived Difficult was used as instrument for the study. Three research questions were answered using frequency counts and percentages while the only formulated hypothesis............

Keywords: Geometry Concepts, Concepts perceived difficult, Concepts perceived not difficult

[1]. J. O. Ayinla, Effects of Teachers instructional strategy pattern on senior school students' performance in mathematics word
problem in Ondo, Nigeria, Unpublished M. Ed. Thesis, University of Ilorin,Ilorin, Nigeria, 2011.
[2]. S. P. Michael, "Mathematics." Microsoft® Student Encarta, 2008.
[3]. B. O. Soyemi, and O. S. Jegede, Student dictionary of mathematics (Revised ed.). (Wiseword Associates Publication, 2000) 11-23.
[4]. D. Douglas, Dictionary of mathematics (3rd ed.). (New York, NY: Barron's Educational Series, Inc, 2009).
[5]. M. F. Salman, Teachers' identification of the difficult levels of topics in the primary school mathematics curriculum. Journal of
Mathematical Association of Nigeria, 30(1), 2005, 20-28.

Abstract: This study was carried out to determine Teachers' workload and academic performance of secondary school students in Biology. It was conducted in University of Port Harcourt Rivers State, Nigeria. The sample comprised of 220 Biology teachers which was purposively selected randomly from three educational zones (rural and urban locations) in Abia State. Two research objectives and two hypotheses were used in the study. The data was analyzed using mean and rank order statistics to answer the research questions while z-test statistics was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance............

Keywords: Workload, Teachers' supply, academic performance.

[1]. Adeyemi, T.O. (2008). The influence of class – size on the quality of output in secondary schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria. American_Eurasian Journal of Scientific Research 3 (1):7-14.
[2]. Adeyemi, T.O. (2011). "Teachers' job satisfaction and job performance in secondary schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria." International Journal of Afro-Asian Studies. USA: Brown Walker Press. 2(2); 41-51.
[3]. Adeyemo, S.A. (2012). Te influence of teachers' supply and the provision of laboratory facilities on students' achievement in physics. European Journal of Educational Studies. Vol. 4(3): 397-408.
[4]. Ajayi, I.A. (1999). Teachers' assessment of parent's teachers association roles in administration of secondary schools. Journal of Educational Research and Evaluation 3(2), 110-116.
[5]. Gbore, L.O. and Daramola, C.A. (2013). Relative contributions of selected teachers variables and students, attitudes towards academic achievement in Biology among senior secondary school students in Ondo State, Nigeria. Current issues in education vol. 16 (1) 1-9.

Abstract: The digital age has forced people to use technology, this distributed learning is found everywhere, both teachers and students are in need to use new strategies that based on technology such as mobile, Pc, iPad. Those means has the augmented reality as a suitable base and infrastructure. It's not acceptable to introduce the content in a traditional way while we live in the digital age that is filled of techno geeks students. This paper tries to introduce a new model for determining, using, and evaluating augmented reality based content...............

Keywords: eLearning, Augmented Reality(AR), Palestine curriculum

[1] Azuma, R. (1997). A Survey of Augmented Reality Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments,6(4), pp. 355-385.
[2] Billinghurst, M., Kato, H., & Poupyrev I. (2001). The MagicBook: A transitional AR interface, Computer and Graphic, Vol. 25, pp. 745–753.
[3] Dayang Rohaya, AR, Wannisa Matcha, SS, Mohd Yunus N.(2012) Design and Development of an Interactive Augmented Reality Edutainment Storybook for Preschool, IERI Procedia, Vol 2,pp. 802-807, ISSN 2212-6678.
[4] Dünser, A. & Hornecker, E. (2007). Lessons from an AR book study. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Tangible and Embedded Interaction, pp. 179–182.
[5] Gutiérrez, J. M., & Fernández, M. D. M. (2014). Augmented reality environments in learning, communicational and professional contexts in higher education. Digital Education Review, 61-73.

Abstract: This study explored students' reflective plausible reasoning in solving inequality problem. This explorative study with the qualitative approach was conducted to seven subjects. Data are derived from the result of written answer, think aloud, and interview. The data from those subjects were analyzed using a constant comparative method so that it was obtained the same characteristics of reflective plausible reasoning. In this article, the authors described two subjects. The results of this study were the characteristics of students' reflective plausible reasoning shown by these behaviors.............

Keywords: Reflective plausible reasoning, problem solving, inequality, intrinsic mathematical properties

[1] M. Chi, M. Bassok, M. Lewis, P. Reimann, and R. Glaser, Self-explanations: How students study and use examples in learning to solve problems, Cognitive Science, 13, 1989, 145-182.
[2] B. Jonsson, M. Norqvist, Y. Liljekvist, and J. Lithner, Learning mathematics through algorithmic and creative reasoning, Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 36, 2014, 20–32.
[3] I. Rofiki, Subanji, T. Nusantara, and T. D. Chandra, Student's creative reasoning in solving pattern generalization problem: A case study, in R. Ekawati, S. Fiangga, L. Hakim, R. Ismawati, I. F. Kurniawan, D. Maulana, A. Mustofa, A. Nugroho, D. Nurhadi, A. Ridwan, & A. Wardhono (Eds.), Proceeding of International Conference on Educational Research and Development (ICERD) 2015 (Surabaya: The State University of Surabaya, 2015), 358-365.
[4] N. Kamol and Y. B. Har, Upper primary school students' algebraic thinking, in L. Sparrow, B. Kissane, & C. Hurst (Eds.), Shaping the future of mathematics education: Proceedings of the 33rd annual conference of the Mathematics Education Research Group of Australasia, Fremantle: MERGA, 2010, 289-296.
[5] D. Peretz, Enhancing reasoning attitudes of prospective elementary school mathematics teachers, Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education, 9, 2006, 381–400.

Abstract: This work focuses on the role and the place given to the history of science and contextual situations in teaching and learning of physics in high school in Morocco. The study is conducted through a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the corresponding physics textbooks. The results show that textbooks give a modest place to contextual situations. We also noticed a very low presence of the history of science in physics textbooks. These results may provide proposals to the various fields of research in physics education, and the improvement of curricula and textbooks for effective science learning.

Keywords: History of science, epistemology, didactic, contextual situations, effective science learning.

[1] Special Committee of Education and Training (SCOET). (1999). National Charter for Education and Training. Rabat: MEN. Available online at: http: // uh2c.ac.ma/uh2c/loi/charte_en.pdf
[2] LOCQUENEUX, R. (2005). The interest of the history of physics for the training of physicists according to Henri Bouasse. In: Revue d'histoire des sciences, tome 58, n ° 2, 2005. pp. 407-431.
[3] AZZAOUI, H., BENJELLOUN, N., and al. (2006). Analysis of the conceptions of senior secondary school physics teachers in Morocco, about the inertial motion as a motion-state, IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education, Volume5, Issue 4, pp 43-48 http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jrme/pages/v5-i4.ve.html.
[4] GUEDJ, M. (2005). Use historical texts in the teaching of physical sciences in the second grade of French secondary school. Didaskalia, 26, 75-95.
[5] HULIN, N. (2005). History of science and science education in the Secondary School of the Third Republic / History of science and science teaching in secondary schools under the Third Republic. In: Revue d'histoire des sciences, tome 58, n ° 2, 2005. pp. 389-405.

Abstract: This purpose of this research is to analyse students' learning outcomes based on mental models of atomic structure. Data were collected from test of mental model (i.e. perception test, imagination test, and discourse comprehension tests) and interview. Analyse data used descriptive method. Subject is 32 student of chemical education in academic years 2012/2013 of Mulawarman University. The results of this research were positive; 1. Mental model of perception has average value of 41.74 in moderate criteria. 2. Mental model of imagination has average value of 42.95 in moderate criteria..............

Keywords: Atomic Structure, Discourse Comprehension, Imagination, Mental Models, Perception.

[1]. P.M. Senge, The fifth discipline. The art and practice of the learning organization (Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, Inc. New York, 2004).
[2]. M.A. Marks, S.J. Zaccaro, and J.E. Mathieu, Performance implications of leader briefings and team-interaction training for team adaptation to novel environments, Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 2000, 971–986.
[3]. M.A. Marks, M.J. Sabella, C.S. Burke, and S.J. Zaccaro, The impact of cross-training on team effectiveness, Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 2002, 3–13.
[4]. J.E. Mathieu, T.S. Heffner, G.F. Goodwin, J.A. Cannon-Bowers, and E. Salas, Scaling the quality of teammates' mental models: Equifinality and normative comparisons, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26, 2005, 37–56.

Abstract: The aim of research in this article is to present the relative contribution and effective are: (1) social skills (X1) to adaptability (Y) partially; (2) the pedagogic skills (X2) to Y partially; and (3) X1 and X2¬ to Y simultaneously. This type of research is to expose facto descriptive correlational design. The research was conducted on student teachers TE FT UM force in 2013 a number of 203 respondents. Data pedagogic skills are secondary data (CPI), as for data of social skills revealed using a questionnaire (with a Cronbach's alpha = 0.834) and adaptability expressed by a questionnaire (with a Cronbach's alpha = 0.876)..............

Keywords: Social Skills, Skills Pedagogic, Adaptive Capabilities, Vocational Teacher.

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