IOSR-JEF   Volume-13 ~ Issue-4 ~ Jul. – Aug. 2022

Abstract: Despite the contribution of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) to the growth of developing countries, their access to bank credit (loan) remains a challenge.Based on this, this paper strives to assess the influence of firms' characteristics (Ownership type, age, size, industry and location) on Cameroonian SMEs access to bank loan (formal external financing). The study exploits The World Bank Enterprises Survey data from 324 Cameroonian SMEs belong to different categories. The data collected are analyzed through descriptive analysis, Independence sample T-test and One-way ANOVA. It was found that, size, legal status and location are said to differentiate (distinct) significantly the access to bank loan (External formal financing). While, exportation status, age, sector (industry) do not differentiate SMEs access to bank loan. The results suggest taking into account the different categories of SMEs in the formulation and implementation of policies in favour of firms excluded from formal financing circuits.

Keys words: Bank loan, Ownership type, Location, Size, Small and Medium -size Enterprises

Abstract: According to Kenya Association of Manufacturers report, Kenya has been the best performing nation in manufacturing in East Africa but now faces a decline registering losses of above three million Kenya shillings. Companies listed in NSE face various challenges such as; keeping in pace with globalizations, government policies and regulation, integrity, client demands, resource management, market and customer loyalty, risk management, business complexity, competition and inadequate capital. The research study aims to establish to what extend does corporate governance dimensions such as; board independence, diligence and expertise affect firm's market capitalization. The study employed a descriptive research design. The study targeted 8 listed manufacturing firms at the NSE.....

Keywords: Board Independence, Board Expertise, Board Diligence, Market Capitalization, Listed Manufacturing Firms, Nairobi Securities Exchange

Abstract: Very few nations collect substantial revenues from wealth taxes. Argument being offered is that wealth taxes are difficult to collect and get less revenue. However even a perfunctory examination of wealth distribution points the obvious that wealth taxes can get lots of revenues, remove poverty and reduce inequality

Abstract: India is a country of villages and about 70% of its population lives in villages, in such a situation the development of the country is depend on the research of the villages. It is impossible to increase the development of the country till the rural area is not developed equitably. For this, crores of rupees are spent every year by implementing golden projects and programs of development from the government level. Like this for the last 40-50 years. Crore of rupees the amount has been spent by the government of our country for rural development works. But the expected success is not achieved in rural development. One of the main reasons for which are the lack of proper implementation and monitory of schemes, Social audit method has been adopted for monitoring.....

Keywords: - Social Audit, Rural Development

Abstract: This study examined the effect of energy price inflation on output growth among selected African countries with high misery indexes. The study covered the period between 1981 to 2020. The Konya Granger causality test and Augmented Mean Group (AMG) estimation techniques were employed. Findings revealed that energy price inflation is a detriment to output growth in Africa. The control variables which included credit to the private sector, per capita income and gross fixed capita formation were seen to improve output growth in Africa. Therefore, policies aimed at ameliorating the effects of energy prices need to take into consideration improvement in the control variables.

Keywords: Energy price inflation, output growth, misery index, per capita income, Augmented Mean Group (AMG) estimator

Abstract: Rwanda's currency experienced depreciation of 6% against a dollar between 2015 and 2021 while the RSE index declined by 4.8% and All Share Index declined by 1.7%. The study focused on establishing the relationship between exchange rate and share market performance in relation to stock prices in Rwanda Stock Exchange. The study was guided by three specific objectives which included; to examine whether inflation affects share prices, to establish whether GDP affects share prices and lastly to assess whether BOP affects share prices at RSE. This study made use of correlational and descriptive research designs. The population of the study was 120 units obtained from secondary data sources concerning the variables within the study period and supplemented with 10 RSE officials who were knowledgeable about Rwanda stock market. The study utilized both primary data.......

Keywords: Exchange Rate, Volatility, Macroeconomic Variables, Share prices

Abstract: Background: Financial exclusion is considered as a great barrier towards the way to eradicate poverty in the economy like Bangladesh. Digital financial technology can be used to solve such problems by accelerating the easy and cost effective access to the financial products and services through mobile banking. In Bangladesh, mobile banking did not get that much focus prior to the Covid-19 pandemic period. Hence, the objective of this study is to explore how the Covid-19 pandemic impacted the progress of financial inclusions through mobile financial services in Bangladesh. Methods: This paper is interpretive in nature. Documentation technique has been adopted for data collection and reporting. Only the Secondary data has been analyzed and interpreted to achieve the objectives of this study.......

Keywords: Mobile Financial Services (MFSs), Mobile Banking Products and Services, Financial Inclusion (FI), Mobile banking transactions, Documentation technique, Cash-in, Cash-out, Person-to-Person (P2P), Inward Remittance, Salary Disbursement, Utility Bill Payment

Abstract: Background: The indicator of economic performance in Indonesia is economic growth. With the hope that the high level of economic growth and sustainability will be an effort to achieve prosperity for the people of Indonesia. As a developing country, Indonesia continues to strive to achieve an increase in the country's economic growth. According to the World Bank, one of the factors that cause low economic growth in the ASEAN region is the uncertain global fiscal condition. This research purposed to analyze the effect of oil and gas export, exchange rate, and foreign debt on the Indonesia's economic growth. Materials and Methods: This research was done using the secondary data in the form of time series data period 1991-2021 obtained from the.......

Keywords: Economic Growth; Oil and Gas Export; Exchange Rate; Foreign Debt

Abstract: Indian agriculture is the country's lifeblood and plays a critical part in the country's overall economic and social progress. Indian agriculture is a diverse and expansive industry with many different players. India's agricultural research system is among the world's largest and most intricate. About 27,500 scientists and more than a lakh support people are actively engaged in agricultural research in India, making it the largest research system in the world. The Imperial (now Indian) Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) was established in 1929 at the recommendation of a Royal Commission on Agriculture, which itself was the culmination of a process that began in the 19th century. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is the primary national organisation responsible for supporting, promoting, and coordinating India's agricultural research and education efforts within the current research system. This report attempts to track the evolution of India's agricultural research system from the colonial era to the present day.

KEYWORDS: ICAR, Indian Agriculture, Colonial, Post colonial

Abstract: Information Technology (IT) is among the relevant factor assisting the business to penetrate in a new market for being innovative and generating new product and services which help the growth of the business and company the business sector produces products and services for profit. Information technology describes any technology used to create, process and disseminate information that is critical to business performance. Information technology is important to the business sector as a management tool to optimize the processing of information to produce goods and services for profit. The revolution of IT and internet facilitates the outstanding performance of the economy in business sector, through the exchanges of information by using internet and electronic devices facilitate accessibility of doing business between companies globally. This study tries to analyse the role of IT in business and the performance of the economy. The empirical findings show that the role of IT in business is tremendous

KEYWORDS: Information Technology (IT), Business, e-commerce (e-business), company, Organization