IOSR-JEF   Volume-13 ~ Issue-4 ~ Jul. – Aug. 2022

Abstract: The Chinese New Silk Roads project, conceived as a contribution of China's soft power to international economic governance, has made headlines both by its scale and by the geographical areas affected and the immense financial resources mobilized for its realization. The content of the article emphasizes the resistance of local actors (neighborhood) and actors from abroad far from China, but especially the multiform risks that this project presents. In the same vein, the Chinese initiative offers more or less positive or negative perspectives regarding the ecological issue. Similarly, there are also challenges related to transparency in the context of international project financing by a large country like China.

Keywords: International Economic Law – Silk Road–China- Soft Power

Abstract: Most people believe that the Cold War ended with collapse of Soviet Union and defeat of Communism. After all China is communist only in name and capitalist for all practical purposes. The only two nations that are communist now are North Korea and Cuba and two hundrend nations of world are capitalist. And 30 years after death of communism there does not appear to be any communist challenge left. However if one examines the data, it would be obvious that tax to gdp ratio of most capitalist nations increased drastically after arrival of communism thus making the world socialist in some ways, if not entirely communist. Hence it could be argued that communism won cold war, which is diametrically opposite to popular perception.

Abstract: The study evaluated the effect of external public debt on infrastructural development in Nigeria for the period 2008-2021. To achieve this objective, debt servicing cost (DSC), Trade Debt (TD) and balance of payment (BOP) were use as proxies for external public debt while infrastructural development is proxy by federal government capital expenditure on infrastructures. The study adopted ex-post-facto research design and data were obtained from National Bureau of Statistical Bulletin and CBN publication for the period. Multiple regressions anchored on ordinary least square (OLS) technique was used to test the hypotheses formulated at 5% level of significance.......

Keywords: Infrastructure, External debt, Capital expenditure, Balance of Payment and Nigerian Economy.

Abstract: Sen (1976) challenged the way in which a measure of poverty is constructed by recommending that a poverty index should satisfy certain axiomatic properties to ensure its reliability, stability and, most importantly, effectiveness. Since then, many authors have developed research based on this new methodology. Thus, the axiomatic approach has been adopted in both one-dimensional and multi-dimensional measures. For the latter, some authors, such as Bourguignon and Chakravarty (2006), have extended the analysis by considering the interrelationships between the dimensions of poverty in the multidimensional measure. These two authors postulate for a substitutability relationship between dimensions. For us, we have extended this assumption to assume a cause-and-effect.......

Keywords: poverty, multidimensional poverty, fuzzy measurement, axiomatic measurement, multidimensional measurement

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting Assurance on investors' valuation. The population of this study was publicly traded companies that were participants in the Asia Sustainability Reporting Rating (ASRRAT) listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2018 – 2020. The research sample was selected through a purposive sampling technique. The number of samples in this study were 22 companies. The Corporate Social Responsibility variable was measured using the GRI Standard. The variable of Sustainability Reporting Assurance was measured by dummy. The investors' valuation variable was measured using cumulative abnormal returns for the H-5 and H+5 periods since the publication date of the financial statements. This study also......

Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Firm Size, Investors' Valuation, Leverage, Profitability,Sustainability Reporting Assurance

Abstract: Tobacco income generation groups within Urambo districts established by the community members voluntary since 1980's. Their main activity is Tobacco cultivation for economic growth via their local farms. Within the Group there is an existence of Chairperson, Secretary, Bursar and other members included. Several activities and decisions that support Tobacco cultivation external and internal are made, coordinated and supervised by the group leaders independently. The main implementers of Tobacco cultivation are the group members with no any position within the TIGG, (Tobacco Income Generation Group). This study examines how far this passive participation approach.......

Keywords: Passive Participation Approach and Tobacco Income Generation Groups