IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-10 ~ Issue-10 ~ October 2016

Abstract: Eupatorium aschenbornianum is a plant used for the treatment of gastric ulcer, therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the safety of this dehydrated plant in order to find the appropriate doses for further human studies. Male Wistar rats were fed with different incremental doses dehydrated plant from 200 to 1000 mg/kg bw in a subchronic test during 45 days. Animals were sacrificed, then the clinical, hematological and biochemical changes were assessed and compared with the control group..........

KeyWords: Subchronic toxicity, Eupatorium aschenbornianum, Toxicology, Rats.

[1] A. Sobrinho, E. de Souza, M. Rocha, M. Albuquerque, P. Bandera, H. dos Santos, and C de Paula Cavalcante. "Cytotoxicity, antifungal and antioxidant activities of the essential oil from Eupatorium ballotifolium Kunth (Asteraceae)", Afr J Pharm Pharmacol, 10(16), 2016. pp.346-355.
[2] M.E. Sánchez-Mendoza, B. Reyes-Trejo, P. Sánchez-Gómez, J. Rodríguez-Silverio, C. Castillo-Henkel, H. Cervantes-Cuevas, and J. Arrieta, J. "Bioassay-guided isolation of an anti-ulcer chromene from Eupatorium aschenbornianum: Role of nitric oxide, prostaglandins and sulfydryls". Fitoterapia, 81(1), 2010. pp. 66-71.
[3] M.Y. Rios, A.B. Aguilar-Guadarrama, and V. Navarro."Two new benzofuranes from Eupatorium aschenbornianum and their antimicrobial activity". Planta medica, 69(10), 2003. pp.967-970.
[4] K. Yuet Ping, I. Darah, Y. Chen, S. Sreeramanan, and S. Sasidharan."Acute and subchronic toxicity study of euphorbia hirta L. methanol extract in rats". BioMed research international, 2013.

Abstract: Leafy vegetables rich in essential nutrients, antioxidants, fibers and metabolites are commonly consumed in diet by human populations across the globe. In Hyderabad city, leafy vegetables Amaranthus and Rumex sp are usually grown on the embankments of the River Musi which is one of the grossly polluted water bodies by heavy metals. Leafy vegetables grown in such soils tend to accumulate metals in leaf surface due to their high translocation and transpiration rate. Prolonged consumption of leafy vegetables grown in metal contaminated soils pose cumulative deleterious health hazards to humans..........

KeyWords: Heavy metals, Leafy vegetables, rhizosphere, Food safety.

[1] Kananke, Thilini, Jagath Wansapala, and Anil Gunaratne, Heavy Metal Contamination in Green Leafy Vegetables Collected from Selected Market Sites of Piliyandala Area, Colombo District, Sri Lanka, American Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2(5), 2014, 139-144.
[2] Vutukuru, SS and Basani Kalpana, Acute effects of mercuric chloride on glycogen and protein content of Zebra fish, Danio rerio, Journal of Environmental Biology, 34(2), 2013, 277-279.
[3] Pawan Raj Shakya and Neena Malla Khwaounjoo, Heavy metal contamination in green leafy vegetables collected from different market sites of Kathmandu and their associated health risks, Scientific World, 11, 2013, 37-42.
[4] Surukite O. Oluwole, Olubunmi Makinde S.C., Kafeelah A. Yusuf, Olusegun O. Fajana, Ayobami O. Odumosu, Determination of Heavy Metal Contaminants in Leafy Vegetables Cultivated By the Road Side, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, 7(3), 2013, 1-5.
[5] Sapana Gupta, V, Jena, S, Jena, Neda Davić , Natalija Matić, D, Radojević, Solanki, JS, Assessment of heavy metal contents of green leafy vegetables, Croat. J. Food Sci. Technol, 5 (2), 2013, 53-60Swapna priya, E, Sunil, G, Shivaiah, K, Anil Gaddameedi and Ashish kumar, Extent of heavy metal contamination in leafy vegetables, soil and water from surrounding of Musi River, Hyderabad, India, Journal of Industrial Pollution and Control, 30(2), 2015, 289-293.

Abstract: The present study was carried out to assess the level of Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Ni in soil and edible portion of green leafy vegetables, grown in soil irrigated with wastewater near to katihar town and impact on health of residents of the study area. Results revealed that concentration of Pb, Zn, Cu, and Ni in some agricultural fields and Cd in all fields exceeded the normal soil value but lower than critical soil value. The accumulation of Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Ni varied from 0.48-1.51, 2.5-25.5, 60.3-134.5, 5.15-18.7, 1.45-6.22 and 3.5-9.2 mg kg-1respectively, in leafy shoot of the vegetable plants, which were higher than root of corresponding test vegetable plant.........

KeyWords:Daily intake of metals, Health risk index, Heavy metals, Soil, Transfer Factor, Vegetables

[1]. Wilson and F. B. Pyatt, Heavy metal dispersion, persistence and bioaccumulation around an ancient copper mie situated Anglesey, UK. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 66, 2007, 224-231
[2]. M. A. Alghobar, L. Ramchandra, S. Suresha, Effect of Sewage water irrigation on soil properties and evaluation of the accumulation of elements in Gras crop in Mysore city, Karnataka, India.American Journal of Environmental Protection, Vol. 3(5), 2014, 283-291.doi:11648/j.ajep.20140305, 22.
[3]. Y B. Guo, H. Feng , D. Chen, C. J. Jia, F. Xiong and Lu. Ying, Heavy Metal Concentrations in Soil and Agricultural Products Near an Industrial District, Pol. J. Environ. Stud. Vol. 2, (5),( 2013), 1357-1362.

[4]. M. Arora, B. Kiran, S. Ran, A. Rani, B. Kaur and N. Mittal, Heavy metal accumulation in vegetables irrigated with water from different sources, Food Chemistry, 111, 2008, 811–815.
[5]. A. H .Lone, E.P. Lal, S. Thakur, S. A. Ganie, M. S. Wani and F. H. Wani, Accumulation of heavy metals on soil and vegetable crops grown sewage and tube well water irrigation, Academic Journals, 89(44), 2013, 2187-2193, DOI:10.5897/SRE2013.5636..

Abstract: Chittagong is known for the ship scrap processing region of Bangladesh. The heavy metals released from this dirty work are responsible for the increasing stress on the agriculture of this area. The objective of this study was to determine the accumulation of heavy metals in soil and translocation in rice and edible parts of vegetables commonly grown in this area. Results revealed that the mean levels of soil Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in soils were above the background levels and maximum concentration exceeded the guidelines for metals in soil. Soil pH and organic carbon content had no significant effect on metal accumulation in soil of this area. Mustard as tender leafy vegetable growing near the scrap processing..........

KeyWords: Accumulation, contamination, heavy metals, ship scraps, transfer factor.

[1] YPSA, Workers in Ship Breaking Industries: A base line survey of Chittagong, Bangladesh (Chittagong, Bangladesh: Young Power
in Social Action, 2005).
[2] M. Sarraf, Ship Breaking and Recycling Industry in Bangladesh and Pakistan (New York: World Bank, 2010).
[3] M. DE L. Dinis, and A. Fiuza, Exposure assessment to heavy metals in the environment: measures to eliminate or reduce the
exposure to critical receptors, in L.I. Simeonov, M.V. Kochubovski and B. G. Simeonova (Eds.), Environmental heavy metal
pollution and effects on child mental development: Risk assessment and prevention strategies (Springer Science+Business Media
B.V, 2011) 27-50.
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Safety Conditions in Aliăga Ship breaking Yards, Izmir, Turkey, 2002.
[5] M. M. Ali, M. L. Ali, M. S. Islam and M. Z. Rahman, Preliminary assessment of heavy metals in water and sediment of Karnaphuli
river, Bangladesh, Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management, 5, 2016, 27–35.

Abstract: The proximate composition and seasonal variation in different biochemical constituents in small indigenous fish species as Salmostoma sardinella, Cirrinus reba, Garra mullya, Rasbora daniconius and Puntius conchonius Tor musallah , Puntius sophore , Salmostoma novacula, Garra bicornuta and Cirrhinus mrigala. The proximate composition was found to be varied among the species. Protein was estimated in S. sardinella (25.64 %), C. reba (24.19 %), G. mullya (28.69 %), R.daniconius (32.79 %) and P. conchonius (27.10 %). T. musallah (25.64 %), P. sophore (25.64 %), S. novacula (25.64 %), G. bicornuta (25.64 %), and C. mrigala(25.64 %). The present findings revealed that the highest protein content was recorded in Rasbora daniconius fish. The results indicate that Rasbora daniconius shows more protein content as compared to remaining fish. These results showed that these fishes have a good quantity of protein percentage just like the commercial fishes. So they can be safely used in food as a supplement protein. It also indicates that the proximate composition of fish depends on season but also to a great extent in reaction to size, age, sex, reproducing cycle, breeding season and region of catch

KeyWords: Protein, indigenous fish species, sex variation.

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Abstract: This manuscript deals with copper recovery from PCB by using hydrometallurgical methods and its evaluation by developing a quadratic model by using Box –Behnken experimental design and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) considering the factors: the concentration of H2SO4 (X1) and H2O2 (X2), the solid (X3)/Liquid ratio, times (X4) and temperature. Hydrometallurgical methods are more predictable and calculative in comparison to pyrometallurgical methods. RSM is a collection of statistical and mathematical methods that are useful for the modeling and analyzing engineering problems used in this study. By hydrometallurgical method 85 % of copper can recovered from 20.09 % available in printed circuit board (PCB). Box Behnken design total 27 experiments were performed, a model was developed for optimization of copper recovery. A second order polynomial model was developed using multiple linear regression analysis. This study showed that RSM based on Box-Behnken method is a useful tool for optimizing the operating parameters for copper recovery using leaching process.........

KeyWords: Printed Circuit Board (PCB), Electronic Waste (e-waste), Response Surface Methodology (RSM), Hydrometallurgy.

[1] Madhya Pradesh Pollution Control Board (MPCB). Report on assessment of electronic wastes in Mumbai-Pune area Maharashtra pollution control board, Kalpataru Point, Sion(e), Mumbai 400 022, http ://mpcb.mah.nic.in march. 2007.
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[3] Ministry of Environment and Forest, India (MOEF). Guidelines for environmentally management of e-waste (as approved vide MOEF letter no. 23-23/2007-hsmd dt.) e-waste. 2008
[4] D Pant. Electronic Waste Management, Lambart Academic Publishing, 2010, 3– 16 (ISBN 978-3-8433-8336-3).
[5] Greenpeace Report An assessment of E-waste takes back in India. (http:// www. Greenpeace .org/raw/content/india/ press/reports/take-back-blues.pdf). 2012.

Abstract: The present study deals with the study of heavy metal contamination of ground water in and around Joda, rich in iron and manganese ore deposits in Odisha. Heavy metals such as Zn, Ni, Cu, Mn, Fe, Co, Cd, Cr and Pb were analysed for 17 ground water samples in pre-monsoon (March-June), monsoon (July-October) and post monsoon (November-February) periods during the year 2011-2012. The average concentration in different periods was in the order pre-monsoon > post-monsoon > monsoon for Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Co, Cr and Pb, where as that of Ni and Cd it was in the order post-monsoon > pre-monsoon > monsoon period.........

KeyWords: Cluster analysis, contamination, correlation, heavy metal, water quality

[1]. P.O. Oyeleke and F. J. Okparaocha, Assessment of some heavy metals in groundwater in the vicinity of an Oil Depot in Nigeria, Am. Chem. Sci. Jour., 12(3), 2016, 1-7.
[2]. S. Gupta, S. Nayek, R. N. Saha and S. Satapati, Assessment of heavy metal accumulation in macrophyte, agricultural soil, and crop plants adjacent to discharge zone of sponge iron factory, Environ. Geol., 10, 2007, 254-257.
[3]. G. Singh and A. Pal, Environmental impacts of mining on Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh, India, Recent Res. Sci. Tech., 2(3), 2010, 50 -57.
[4]. K. Dutta and A. R. Ghosh, Comparative study of physicochemical parameters and heavy metals of some groundwater sources from Sukinda Valley region in Odisha, The Ecoscan, Special issue, 1, 2012, 155-160.
[5]. A. Dash, H. K. Das, B. Mishra, N. K. Bhuyan and U.C. Choudhury, Assessment of heavy metal contamination in water and sediment of Sona River of Keonjhar District, Odisha, India, Int. Jour. Earth Sci. Engg., 08(01), Feb., 2015, 325-334.

Abstract: Urbanization in India is not only environmentally challenging but socially and economically alarming too. An attempt is made in the present study to quantify the degree of greenness in the college and university campuses of 21 selected sites in Coimbatore district. The study showed that linear canopy pattern is dominant in urban settings along road sides and surrounding built ups in many sites giving NDVI value ranging between 0.5 to 0.3. Most of the sites have open canopy cover mostly which are cultivated lands. The maximum NDVI recorded was 0.569 and minimum as 0.255. According...............

KeyWords: Urbanization, Green spaces, Normalized Difference Vegetative Index.

[1]. Akbari, H., Davis, S., Dorsano, S., Huang J. & Winert, S. (1992) Cooling our Communities –A Guidebook on Tree Planting and White Colored Surfacing, US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Policy Analysis, Climate Change Division.
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Abstract: Background: Lead (Pb) is one of the oldest chemical toxins and a harmful environmental pollutant.lead has been used by humans for millennia. It enters human body through food and water consumed, air inhaled and is even absorbed through the skin from cosmetics. The diagnosis of lead poisoning through Measuring blood changes for people exposed to lead and to compare it with control people. Aim:1-Study the effect of lead on red blood cells in working under effect of lead exposure like electric generators , painters and Fuel station........

KeyWords: Electric generators workers, lead, RBC and hemoglobin

[1]. Mohammed, S. M. (2014). Hematological, Biochemical and Blood Lead Level Profile among Gasoline Exposed Station Workers in SulaimaniyaCity,ARO.10036, 6 pages
[2]. work health organization,(2010 ) childhood lead poisoning http://www.who.int/ceh/publications/leadguidance.pdf
[3]. delaware health and social services , (2015) lead poisoning http://dhss.delaware.gov/dhss/dph/files/leadpoisonfaq.pdf
[4]. Zheng, N., Liu, J., Wang, Q., & Liang, Z. (2010). Health risk assessment of heavy metal exposure to street dust in the zinc smelting district, Northeast of China. Science of the Total Environment, 408(4), 726-733.
[5]. Athab, A.M., Rashid, B.A., Abd, A.Q., Aldelaimy, R.,A. (2012). The Effects of Lead exposure to workers in electric generator and car mending. J DJBC , Vol: 8 No: 4,( 2222-8373)

Abstract: Background: The way solid waste is handled, sorted, stored and disposed of has an overall health and environmental impact. This paper examines whether knowledge and attitude were related to household solid waste management in an informal settlement. Methodology: We used a cross-sectional correlational, design. Quantitative data was collected using a structured questionnaire through face to face interviews. Cluster sampling was used to identify households to be included in the study. Knowledge of proper waste management was measured through a true or false or don't know statement, while attitude was measured.........

[1]. Rouse, J: Planning For Sustainable Municipal Solid Waste Management: Practical Action; the Schumacher Centre for Technology and Development Bourton-on-Dunsmore Rugby, Warwickshire, CV23 9QZUnited Kingdom 2008. http://www.practicalaction.org.
[2]. Banga M: Household Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices in Solid Waste Segregation and Recycling: The Case of Urban Kampala, Zambia Social Science Journal 2011, Volume 2 Number 1
[3]. Haile A: Determinants of effective household solid waste management practices; a case of ambo town- West Showa Zone, Ethiopia; Masters of Arts Degree In Development Studies (Business and Development)Mekelle University College of business and economics, Department of Management, 2011.
[4]. Olojide A.K: Household environmental sanitation practices in Katsina metropolis in Nigeria International letters of Natural Sciences2014). www.iins.pc