IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-10 ~ Issue-10 ~ October 2016

Abstract: In 1904, Hiltner introduced the term " rhizosphere" to designate that portion of the which is subjected to the specific influence of the plant root system and noted that this soil supported greater microbial activity than soil distant from the roots. The unique environment immediately surrounding the roots is called rhizosphere. It is the region around plant roots where simple sugars, amino acids and many other compounds are exuded by plant and made available to the microorganisms (Campbell, 1989). In the present study, attempt has been made to study effect of sugar factory effluent on the rhizosphere mycoflora at different period of growth (15, 30,,45 and 90 day) with different concentration of effluent (10,50, and 100% ) and were compared with control. Studies by Hameed et al. (2002) showed that the fungal population was almost nil in the polluted habitat.

[1]. Campbell, R (1989).Biological control of Microbial plant pathogens. Ist Ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, ISBN: 0521.349001
[2]. Hameed, S.M., Sularman, J. Prabhakarah and D.Puroshothaman (2002). Population dynamics of microbes in dye factory effluent contaminated soil. J. Ecotoxicol Environ. Monitt. 12(1): 31-34
[3]. Timonin, M.I. (1940). The interaction of higher plants and soil microorganisms I. Microbial population of the rhizosphere of seedlings of certain cultivated plant. Can. J. Res. 18: 307-317Nutrition, 46(2): 439-447

Abstract: This work is aimed at monitoring and analyzing the concentrations of gaseous pollutants such as Carbon (II) oxide, Sulphur (IV) oxide and Hydrogen sulphide and Particulates (PM2.5 and PM10) released from biomass combustion sources at specified receptor points downwind. A real time analysis was adopted in monitoring these pollutants by the use of ALTAIR Multi- gas detector and HAT 200 PM2.5 and PM10 detector. The estimated emission rates of 140mg/s and 84mg/s for CO, 0.744mg/s and 0.714mg/s for SO2 and 1.556mg/s and 1.176mg/s for H2S were respectively obtained for charcoal and wood burning sources. This could be attributed to the source geometry and the combustion conditions...........

Keywords: Dispersion, pollutants, concentration, biomass, combustion, emissions.

[1]. Akpinar EK, Akpinar S. An assessment on seasonal analysis of wind energy characteristics and wind turbine characteristics. Energy Convers Manage 2005;46:1848–67.
[2]. CARB, 2016: National Air Quality Standard. A publication of California Air Resources Board.
[3]. Darwish ASR, Sayigh AAM (1988). Wind energy potential in Iraq. Solar Wind Technol 1988;5: 215–22.
[4]. Fischer, H.B., List E.J., Koh, R.C.Y., Imberger, J. & N.H. Brooks. (1979): "Mixing in Inland and Coastal Waters" Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 483pp.
[5]. Gökçek M, Bayülken A, Bekdemir S. Investigation of wind characteristics and wind energy potential in Kirklareli, Turkey. Renew Energy 2007a;32:1739–52.

Abstract: The phytosociological survey done in 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 in Durg District of Chhattisgarh state showed the biodiversity of different weeds. Weeds are the plants, which grow where they are not wanted. Present study work – 46 species, 43 genus and 20 families were identify in the field surveyed. Plants grow in vary widely in variable environmental conditions to form vegetation. The ecological amplitude of all the species growing in vegetation is not equal...............

Keywords: Vegetation, Biodiversity, Phytosociological, Durg, IVI.

[1]. Ali, S.S. and Sharma, V. B. (1985). (Chhattisgarh Botanical Association), Botanical Researches from Chhattisgarh.
[2]. Almeida (1996). Flora of Maharashtra, Blatter herbarium, St. Xaviers College, Mumbai.
[3]. Bor , N. L. (1942). Ecology theory and practice-presidential address, Proc Ind Sci Congr Bot Soc 1-35.
[4]. Bredenkamp, George, Chytr, Milan, Fischer, Hagen S., Neuhäuslová, Zdenka & van der Maarel, Eddy 1998. Vegetation mapping: Theory, methods and case studies: Introduction,Applied Vegetation Science 1: 161-266.
[5]. Champian, H. G. (1936). A preliminary survey of forest types of India and Burma, Indian For Res (N. S.) Silv 1- 286

Abstract: Municipal solid waste is a serious environmental problem in many cities of Bangladesh. Currently a massive volume of waste is being generating every day in many cities of Bangladesh. Pabna, a district of Bangladesh, is one of the populated and rapidly developing city, also facing the MSW management problem. This paper attributes on the existing and an improved MSW management system of Pabna Municipality. The collected data (primary and secondary sources) shows that the type of solid waste generated in Pabna has a high percentage of organic matter which is suitable for thermo-chemical conversions. The calculation shows that the recoverable electrical energy from MSW is 519.14 KWh/day approximately. Furthermore, the paper recommends the appropriate technology for SW disposal in the area of Pabna Municipality to attain its goal.

Keywords: Calorific value, Energy recovery, Municipal Solid waste (MSW), Pyrolysis, Solid waste management.

[1]. Martin Medina, Municipal solid waste management in third world cities: Lessons learned and a proposal for improvement, Human settlement development- Vol-III
[2]. http://www.powerscorecard.org/tech_detail.cfm?resource_id=10
[3]. Mohammad Aktarul Islam Chowdhury, Municipal solid waste management, ISBN: 978-984-8910-14-5, 2015
[4]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pabna.
[5]. Conservancy department of Pabna municipality and field survey, 31st, 2015.

Abstract: Caramel colour is commonly used in food products such as bakery products, Soy bean sauces, ground sauces, soft drinks, ground molt, alcoholic beverages and in gravies and vinegar. According to the modern researches consumers of these beverages can be exposed to 4- methylimidazole (4-MEI), a potential carcinogen formed during its manufacture. The objective of this research study was to develop a refused tea based food colourant as a substitute for caramel colour. After selecting the proper raw materials( 96.68% moisture , 0.52% Ash, 0.58% total solid) colour extraction..........

Keywords: Refused tea; food colour; polyphenols; Tea colour; flavour compounds

[1]. Mandel, S. and Youdim, M.B.H. (2004) 'Catechin polyphenols: Neurodegeneration and neuroprotection in neurodegenerative diseases', Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 37(3), pp. 304–317. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.04.012
[2]. Yashin, A.Y., Nemzer, B.V. and Combet, E, 2015 'Determination of the Chemical Composition of Tea by Chromatographic Methods:' Review of by
[3]. C.V.K, L., Wickramasinghe, I. and K. K. D. S, R. (2016) 'Impact of HACCP based food safety management systems in improving food safety of Sri Lankan tea industry', Journal of Tea Science Research, 6(0). [4]. Institute of Social Development, Sustainability Report on Sri Lankan Tea Industry.; Kandy, 2008
[5]. S. van der Wal, 2008 'Sustainability Issues in the Tea Sector', SOMO, .s

Abstract: A preliminary study was carried out to determine the growth performance, condition and survival of aNigerian Killifish,Fundolopanchaxdeltaensis, in Indoor Aquarium, fed diets of varying protein levels(45% protein diet, 33% protein diet). The experiment was carried out for a total of forty-two (42) days and divided into three treatments(treatment A, treatment B and treatment C), which were carried out in triplicates. The experimental Fish were weighed(gm) and measured(cm) and thenrandomly stocked into the triplicate treatments..............

Keywords: Growth performance, condition and survival, Nigerian KillifishIndoor Aquarium, Nigerian Killifish, Fundolopanchaxdeltaensis, Diets(45% protein diet, 33% protein diet

[1]. Andrews, C. (1992): The Ornamental fish Trade and Conservation. In,Info fish International number 2/92 March/April.
[2]. Akbarzadeh, A.,Mosayebi, A.N.,Noori, A.,Parto, P.,Asadi, M.,Yousefzadi, M. Dehghani, H. &Kamrani, E. (2014): Responses of the killifish (Aphaniusdispar) to long-term exposure to elevated temperatures: growth, survival and microstructure of gill and heart tissues. Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology. Volume 47, Issue 6, 2014. Pages 429-434.
[3]. Babalola, T.O.O. (2004) Effects of Moina, artificial diet and Nutrasexylasupplemented artificial diet on growth and survival of Clariasgariepinus larva. 2004 FISON Conference proceedings. Pp 86-90.
[4]. Bahnasawy (2009); Effect of Dietary Protein Levels on Growth performance, and Body Composition of Monosex Nile Tilapia, Oreochromisniloticus reared in fertilized tanks.
[5]. Blažek, R., Polačik, M. & Reichard, M. (2013). Rapid growth, early maturation and short generation time in African annual fishes. EvoDevo4:24. DOI: 10.1186/2041-9139-4-24

Abstract: Precipitation of metallic species in either, liquid-liquid, solid-solid, or liquid-solid systems is a current phenomenon related with the formation and/or deposition of second phases.An example of the above is the deposition of some precipitated species on ore particles during milling, changing their surface properties and affecting the process of capture during flotation. Precipitation of species also occurs during the waste water treatment. Despite the fact that several procedures have been designed to clean water contaminated with heavy metals (i.e., activated zeolite and membranes............

Keywords: Waste water treatment, column flotation, heavy metals, Pourvaix diagrams

[1]. Doyle F. M., (2003). Ion flotation. Its potential for hydrometallurgical operations, International Journal of Mineral Processing.
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[2]. Azareño O.A., Núñez J. P., Figueroa L. A., León D. E., Fernández S. S., Orihuela S. R., Caballero R. M., Bazán R. R., and Yi Choy
A. S. Flotación de Minerales Oxidados de Plomo. Revista del Instituto de Investigación de la Facultad de Ingeniería Geológica,
Minera, Metalúrgica y Geográfica. Vol. 5 No. 10, 2002, pp 34-43.
[3]. Barakat M. A., Removal of Cu (II), Ni (III) and Cr(III) Ions from Wastewater Using Complexation - Ultrafiltration Technique,
Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 1 (3): 151-156, 2008
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[5]. Garrels, R. M. and Christ, C. L., Minerals, Solutions, and Equilibria, Harper & Rowe, N. Y. 450pp, 1965.

Abstract: Cereals are staple food for a large number of people in Libya. In the current study, cereals including wheat, rice and barley were digested using microwave digestion method. We report here on total intake of As, Cd, Pb and U in Libyan population, based on inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric (ICP-MS) analysis of Libyan cereals. In this study, the Provisional Maximum Tolerable Daily Intake (PMTDI) which estimates the maximum daily intake of a toxic element from individual food or more than one types of food was used. Wheat and rice were the main cereal sources of dietary...........

Keywords: Libya, cereals, toxic elements, ICP-MS, daily intakes

[1]. G. Lombardi-Boccia, A. Aguzzi, M. Cappelloni, G. Di Lullo, M and Lucarini, M, (2003) Total-diet study: Dietary intakes of macro elements and trace elements in Italy. British Journal Nutrition 90, 1117–1121.
[2]. J. M. Awika, (2011) Major cereal grains production and use around the world. In: Awika, J. M., Pirronen, W., Bean, S. (eds.). Cereal Science: Implications to Food Processing and Health Promotion. ACS Symposium Series. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 1–13.
[3]. M. A. Al-Gahri and M. S. Almussali, (2008) Microelement content of locally produced and imported wheat grains in Yemen. E-Journal of Chemistry, 5 (4), 838–843.
[4]. A. F. Bálint, G. Kovacs and L. J. Erdei, (2001) Comparison of the Cu, Zn, Fe, Ca and Mg contents of the grains of wild, ancient and cultivated wheat species. Cereal Research Communication 29, 375–382.
[5]. A. Cioùek, E. Makarska, M. Wesoùowski and R. Cierpiaùa, (2012) Content of selected nutrients in wheat, barley and oat grains from organic and conventional farming. Journal of Elementology 2, 181–189.

Abstract: Natural fiber sorbent is prepared from water hyacinth by viscose process for oil sorption. This study evaluated the effect of performance of natural fiber sorbent, concentration of sodium hydroxide, quantity of carbon disulfide and sodium sulfate ratio. The natural fiber sorbents were tested for oil sorption capacity and compared with standard sorbent. The condition of 18% sodium hydroxide, 25% quantity of carbon disulfide, and 1:1.5 sodium sulfate ratios showed the highest oil sorption capacity. The efficiency of oil sorption from engine oil, diesel oil and vegetable oil were 11.35 g (oil)/g (sorbent), 11.77 g (oil)/g (sorbent) and 10.66 g (oil)/g (sorbent) respectively.........

Keywords: water hyacinth, oil, sorption, sorbent material, viscose process

[1]. H. Zhu, S. Qiu, W. Jiang, D. Wu and C. Zhang, Evaluation of electrospun polyvinyl chloride/polystyrene fibers as sorbent material for oil spill cleanup, Environmental Science and Technology, 45, 2011, 4527-4531
[2]. T. Rebeiro, R. Smith, and J. Rubio, Sorption of oils by the non-living biomass of a Salvina spp., Environmental Science and Technology, 34, 2000, 5201-5205
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[5]. D. Cehlan, S. Dogu, B. Karacik, S. Yakan, OS.Okay and O. Okay, Evaluation of butyl rubber as sorbent material for the removal of oil and polycyclic aromatic hydro carbon form seawater, Environmental Science and Technology,43(10), 2009, 3846-3852

Abstract: In this work, an alternative voltammetric procedure for the simultaneous determination of lead(Pb), cadmium(Cd) and copper (Cu) were developed by using microcontroller for inventing portable voltammetry. The electrode that used gold wire, platinum wire and silver wire for working electrode, reference electrode and counter electrode respectively. The electrode can be easily prepared and showed a good analytical response was linear in the range of 0.5 μg L-1to 50 μg L-1. The detection limits of 0.09 μg L-1for Pb, 0.15μg L-1for Cd and 0.13μg L-1for Cu. The high sensitivity and good reproducibility of the nontoxic gold wire, platinum and silver wire electrode make it possible to apply the electrode to a portable system for a trace metal analysis. In conclusion, the portable heavy metal meter is easily taken, used and low cost.

Keywords: Heavy metal, electrochemical techniques, Voltammetry, Microcontroller, Tap water

[1] E.B. Grzesik, and A.J. Kolon, Leaching of cadmium and lead from dried fruits and fruit teas to infusions and decoctions. Food Composition and Analysis Journal, 21, 2008, 326–331.
[2] F.K. Gorur, R. Keser, N. Akcay, S. Dizman, and N.T. Okumusoglu, Radionuclides and heavy metals concentrations in Turkish market tea. Food control, 22(12), 2011, 2065–2070.
[3] R.F. Milania, M.A. Morganoa, and C. Cadoreb, Trace elements in Camellia sinensis marketed in southeastern Brazil: Extraction from tea leaves to beverages and dietary exposure. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 68, 2016, 491–498.
[4] P.B. Ning, C.M. Gong, Y.M. Zhang, K.K. Guo, and J.A. Bai, Lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury and copper levels in Chinese Yunnan Pu'er tea. Food Additives & Contaminants. Part B, Surveillance, 4(1), 2011, 28–33.
[5] A. Krolicka, R. Pauliukait, I. Svancara, R. Metelkac, A. Bobrowskia, A. Norkusb, K. Kalcherd, and K. Vytřas, Bismuth-film-plated carbon paste electrodes. Electrochemistry Communications, 4,2002, 193-196.

Abstract: A few years ago became notorious the inclusion of environmental and social issues in economic decisions, which led to a new strategic framework for organizations. Thus, it is of fundamental importance to know the present limitations and new paradigms in the operational and tactical developing of organizations, aiming at less striking and balanced actions. Thus, the objective was to develop an integrated interpretation of economic, environmental and social issues of the main companies in the oil and gas sectors in the world, featuring their activities through sustainability indicators covered.............

Keywords: Multicriteria analysis; Electre III; Oil and gas industry; Sustainability

[1]. Bana e Costa, C.A., Oliveira, M.D., 2012. A multicriteria decision analysis model for faculty evaluation. Omega 40, 424 - 436.
[2]. Bottero, M., Comino, E.,Duriavig, M., Ferretti, V., Pomarico, S., 2013. The application of a Multicriteria Spatial Decision Support System (MCSDSS) for the assessment of biodiversity conservation in the Province of Varese (Italy). Land Use Policy 30, 730 - 738.
[3]. Castellini, C., Boggia, A., Cortina, C., Dal Bosco, A., Novelli, E., Mugnai, C., 2012. A multicriteria approach for measuring the sustainability of different poultry production systems. Journal of Cleaner Production 37, 192 - 201.
[4]. Cavallaro, F., 2010. A comparative assessment of thin-film photovoltaic production processes using the ELECTRE III method. Energy Policy 38, 463 - 474.
[5]. Durbach, I.N., Stewart, T.J., 2012. A comparison of simplified value function approaches for treating uncertainty in multi-criteria decision analysis. Omega 40, 456 - 464.

Abstract: An optimized crude cellulase production fortified with carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC) and avicel as substrate inducers respectively by Aspergillus niger using submerged fermentation technique was carried out. Microbial growth curves were determined using the production media to ascertain a correlation between optimal growth time against cellulase yield and activity. The quantitative and qualitative analysis were carried out using 3, 5 - dinitrosalicyclic acid protocol (DNSA) to obtain optimal functional conditions. From the investigation, it was observed that optimal growth of Aspergillus niger relating............

Keywords: Aspergillus niger, Avicel, Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose, Cellulase, Optimization, Assay

[1]. Agger, T., A. B. Spohr and Nielsen, J. alpha-Amylase production in high cell density submerged cultivation of Aspergillus oryzae and A. nidulans. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2001; 55(1):81-4.

[2]. Ahamed, A. and Vermette, P. Enhanced enzyme production from mixed cultures of Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30 and Aspergillus niger LMA grown as fed batch in a stirred tank bioreactor, Biochem. Eng. J., 2008; 42:41–46

[3]. Ahamed, A. and P. Vermette, P. Effect of mechanical agitation on the production of cellulases by Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30

[4]. in a draft-tube airlift bioreactor, Biochem. Eng. J., 2010; 49
[5]. Aiello, C., A. Ferrer and Ledesma, A. Effect of alkaline treatments at various temperatures on cellulase and biomass production using submerged sugarcane bagasse fermentation with Trichoderma reesei QM 9414 Bioresour. Technol., 1996; 57:13–18

Abstract: Children are a surrogate of Allah, the expectations of parents, religion, and nation. The child was first brought up in a family environment to be fostered, educated the next generation. In the family of the child should be given food that is halal, both to support the growth and development of character or moral.To support the development of children's character parents should pay attention to the child's halal foods. Foods and beverages can affect the psyche and mental properties of people eating. The food has a great influence not only on the physical but also the soul and human feelings.The closeness of parents of this child as one means to establish communication...............

Keywords: Healthy Living, Effective Communication

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