IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-10 ~ Issue-11 ~ November 2016

Abstract: The main aim of this work is to determine the adsorptive removal of lead (II) by making use of low cost naturally available biosorbent namely orange peel in original and chemically modified form. The biosorbent were prepared by oven drying orange peel and then chemically modified with sodium hydroxide (0.1M). The adsorption capacities of biosorbent were carried in batch study, using variation of pH, initial lead concentration, contact time, and particle size. The lead (II) concentration was measured by using "HANNA HI 4522" ion analyzer...........

KeyWords: Adsorption, Biosorbent, Isotherm model, Lead (II), Orange Peel

[1] Noeline, B.F., Manohar, D.M., Anirudhan, T.S, Kinetic and equilibrium modelling of lead (II) sorption from water and wastewater by polymerized banana stem in a batch reactor, Separation and Purification Technology, 45, 2005, 131–140.
[2] FENG Ning-chuan, GUO Xue, LIANG Sha, Enhanced Cu (II) adsorption by orange peel modified with sodium hydroxide, Transaction of nonferrous metals society of china, 20, 2010, 146-152.
[3] Silke Schiewer, Santosh B. Patil, Pectin-rich fruit wastes as bio-sorbents for heavy metal removal: Equilibrium and kinetics, Bioresource Technology, 99, 2008, 1896–1903.
[4] Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf, Karamat Mahmood, Abdul Wajid, Study of low cost bio-sorbent for bio-sorption of heavy metals, International Conference on Food Engineering and Biotechnology, 9, 2011, 60-68.
[5] Perez Marin,A.B., Meseguer Zapata,V.,Ortuno,J.F., Aguilar,M.,Saez, J., Llorens,M., Removal of cadmium from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto orange waste, Journal of Hazardous Materials, B139, 2007, 122–131.

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted on early dry season of April to July 2014 to evaluate the effect of applying biocompost and biochar on the growth and yield of soybean and soil fertility status. The experiment was set up using a Randomized Block Design. Two factors tested were biocompost and biochar. Biocompost consistist of four rates : 0, 5. 10, and 15 ton ha-1 and biochar consist of five rates: 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 ton ha-1. The results of the study showed that............

KeyWords: Agronomic, biocomost, biochar, soybean

[1] Suwardji, Suardiari, G., and Hippi, A. 2007. The applicationof sprinkle irrigation to increase of irrigation efficiencyat North Lombok, Indonesia. Paper presented at theIndonesian Soil Science Society Congress IX (inIndonesian), Gajah Mada University, Yogyakarta,Indonesia.
[2] Sukartono, W.H. Utomo, Z. Kusuma, and W.H. Nugroho, 2011. Soil fertility status, nutrient uptake, and maize (Zea mays L.) yield followingbiochar and cattle manure application on sandy soils of Lombok, IndonesiaJournal of Tropical Agriculture 49 (1-2) : 47-52, 2011
[3] Diels, J., Vanlauwe, B., Van der Meersh, M.K, Sanginga,N., and Merck R.J. 2004. Long-term soil organic carbondynamics in a sub humid tropical climate: 13C data andmodeling with ROTHC. Soil Biol. Biochem., 36: 1739–1750.
[4] Sudantha, I. M. 2007. Characterization and the role of Endofit and Saprophyte fungi as biological pest control agent for Fusariumoxysporum f. sp. vanilla on Vanilla in Lombok. A Dissertation for Ph.D. student in Faculty of agriculture, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.

Abstract: Birds are attractive and interesting creature of the globe due to their behaviour and importance in nature. Some are key stone species as per the literature. In this communication some common birds have been studied with nearby vegetation available in surrounding localities. They have sound environmental impact. The observation revealed 32 bird species from different Districts of West Bengal, India. It broadly emphasised on the habitats along with the abundance as per the common ecological study. Duars area of Alipurduar, Jalpaiguri District; hills of Darjeeling District, coastal belt of Purba Medinipur District along with the Junglemuhal area of Paschim Medinipur.........

KeyWords: Common birds, West Bengal, Vegetation strata, Ecology

[1] Ali, S. The Book of Indian Birds, (Third Edition-Hard Cover), Salim Ali Centenary Edition , 1996, Oxford University Press, India.
[2] Ali, S. The Book of Indian Birds, 12th Revised Enlarged Centenary Edition, Bombay natural History Society, 1997, Oxford University Press, India.
[3] Hazmierczak, K. A. Field Guide to the Birds of the Indian Sub-continent (Paper Back), Illustrated by Ber Van Perlo, 2008, Oriental Bird Club, A & C Black Pub. Ltd.

Abstract: This paper tries to address the parameters that affect the microclimate in residential building layouts. The experiment tries to investigate the effect of radiation and wind in residential building layouts of urban areas of Nagpur. The findings of this research reveal that microclimatic parameters are influenced by buildings and building layouts which highlight the need for consideration of climate and microclimate while designing and formulating building by laws of residential building layouts.

KeyWords: Microclimate, building by-laws, Residential building layouts.

[1]. Evyatar ErelL, D. P. (2011). Urban Microclimate - Designing the spaces between buildings. London, UK: Earthscan.
[2]. G. Z. Brown, M. D. (2001). Sun, Wind & Light- Architectural Design Strategies. New York: JOHN WIEY & SONS,INC.
[3]. J.K. Nayak, J. P. (2006). Handbook on Energy Conscious Buildings. Mumbai: Indian Institute of Technoogy, Bombay, Ministry of Non- conentional Enery Sources.
[4]. J.Kshirsagar, R. (2014). TOWN PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT LAWS: EVOLLUTION AND CURRENT AMMENDMENTS. Delhi: TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING ORGANIZATION, MINISTRYOF URBAN DEVELOPMENT,GOVERNMENT OF INDIA .
[5]. Yeang, K. (2006). Ecodesign - a manual for ecological design. London: Wiley-Academy.

Abstract: A long-term sufferer from tinnitus describes unusually strong pulsed episodes experienced at nighttime. From April to October, the author (a light sleeper) is awakened several times nightly by pulses resembling strong tinnitus symptoms: the timing of successive pulses was very similar on successive nights. These sequential events were recorded nightly over periods of 1-2 weeks during 2012–2016. The last two pulses nightly occurred progressively earlier, with linear slopes (decimal hours/day) closely approached the 4 minutes on average earlier per night predicted for a phenomenon following a cosmic rather than a terrestrial scheduling...........

[1]. Anon (2015). Sidereal Time. The AstroInfo Project. http://docs.kde.org/ trunk5/en/kdeedu/stars/ai-sidereal.html. (Accessed 9 Dec. 2015).
[2]. Caddy, J.F. and R.W. Elner (2015). Night Time Pulses of Ground Energy Associated with Ground Water: a Comparison of Observations from Locations in Italy and Canada. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research: H Environment & Earth Science;Vol.15 Issue 5.
[3]. Costandi, M. (2007). An Illustrated History of Trepanation. (Under Anthropology, History of Neuroscience, June 13, 2007). [4]. Feilding, A. (2013). An Interview with the Woman Who Drilled a Hole in Her Head. (See: www.vice.com/.../drilling-a-hole-in-your-head-for-a-higher-state-of- consciousness).
[5]. Rhodes, A. "Guide to the Milky Way‟ (Web page)..

Abstract: Cochin estuary is the second largest wetland system in India. Long-term changes in the diversity of benthic molluscs in Cochin estuary were investigated to assess overall health of the ecosystem. Sampling was done during the period July 2002- May 2004.Monthly and seasonal variations in the diversity of molluscs was studied. Results showed that estuary was poor in respect of molluscan fauna. Molluscs shows seasonal variation in occurrence. The molluscan fauna consisted 3 species of bivalves and one species of gastropod. The bivalve Muculista senhousia was found to a new invader to the system........

Keywords: Cochin estuary, benthic fauna, long-term change, mollusca, pollution

[1]. L.O. Wosu, Commercial snail farming in West-Africa - A guide. Ap Expess Publishers, NSukka-Nigeria. 2003
[2]. T.V. Joydas, A. Mohammad Qurban, Abdulaziz Al-Suwailem, P.K. Krishnakumar, Zahid Nazeer and N.A.Cali. Macrobenthic community structure in the northern Saudi waters of the Gulf, 14 years after the 1991 oil spill. Marine Pollution Bulletin 64, 2012, 325–335.
[3]. V. Bresler, Marine mollusc in environmental monitoring. II. Experimental exposure to selected pollutants, Helgoland Marine Research 57, 2003, 206-211.
[4]. D.W Boening,. An evaluation of bivalves as bio-monitors of heavy metals pollution in marine waters. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,55, 1999, 459-470.
[5]. N.N.Menon, A. N Balchand. and N. R. Menon.,Hydrobiology of Cochin backwater system- A review. Hydrobiologia, 430, 2000, 149-183.

Abstract: Owing to the dependence on denitrification dependent element copper, in regulating N2O:N2 molar ratios, the effects of soil copper concentration in limiting (Treatments not amended with Copper) and abundant (40 mg/kg Cu SO4) conditions were analysed in combination with a carbon source (50 μg/g glucose (C6H12O6)). In line with our hypothesis, final N2O:N2 ratios observed on day 1 (0.5, 0.42) for Insch and Brechin soils respectively, when compared to the carbon treatment (0.8, 0.61), indicate a positive potential for carbon and copper amended soils to reduce N2O emissions from non-toxic agricultural soils.Findings from this current research will serve as a baseline study for further research on reduction of N2O emissions from agricultural soils.......

Keywords: carbon, copper, denitrification, greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide, N2O:N2 molar ratio

[1] Azam, F., Muller, C., Weiske, A., Benckiser, G. and Ottow, J. 2002. Nitrification and denitrification as sources of atmospheric nitrous oxide – role of oxidizable carbon and applied nitrogen. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 35 (1), pp. 54-61.
[2] Baggs, 2008. A review of stable isotope techniques for N2O source partitioning in soils: recent progress, remaining challenges and future considerations. Rapid Communications in massspectrometry, 22 (11), pp. 1664-1672.
[3] Bakken, Bergaust, Liu, B. and Frostegard, 2012. Regulation of denitrification at the cellular level: a clue to the understanding of N2O emissions from soils. Philosophical Transactionsof the Royal Society B. Biological Sciences, 367 (1593), pp. 1226-1234.
[4] Ball, D. 1964. Loss on ignition as an estimate of organic matter and organic carbon in non- calcareous soils. Journal of Soil Science, 15 (1), pp. 84-92.
[5] Bergaust, Shapleigh, Frostegard, and Bakken, L. 2008. Transcription and activities of NOx reductases in Agrobacterium tumefaciens: the influence of nitrate, nitrite and oxygen availability. Environmental microbiology, 10 (11), pp. 3070-3081

Abstract: Acrylamide (ACR) is an important industrial chemical substance. ACR is also found in carbohydrate rich foods that prepared at high temperature (>120oC), such as fries potato chips. Studies approved that high levels of ACR cause several metabolic disorders such as oxidation in liver, small and large intestine tissues. ACR is metabolized by either conjugation with glutathione or oxidation to glycidamide. Hepatotoxicity of ACR is the motivation that leads us to carry out the study to demonstrate the impact of this research on liver. In a trial to overlap acrylamide toxicity, potato chips were fried in olive oil. Totally 24 adult male and female mice were divided into four groups: Group A includes control non-treated mice which were received normal saline. Group B includes mice which were received basal diet and ACR dissolved in the drinking water and they will held in cages in controlled environment.......

Keywords: Acrylamide, Food processing, Hepatotoxicity, potato chips, olive oil, sunflower oil

[1] Allain CC, Poon LS, Chan CS, Richmond W, Fu PC. Enzymatic determination of total serum cholesterol. Clin Chem. 1974; 20(4):470-5.
[2] Allam AA, El-Ghareeb AW, Abdul-Hamid M, Bakery AE, Gad M, Sabri M. Effect of prenatal and perinatal acrylamide on the biochemical and morphological changes in liver of developing albino rat. Arch Toxicol. 2010; 84(2):129-41.
[3] Amamou F, Nemmiche S, Meziane RK, Didi A, Yazit SM, Chabane-Sari D. Protective effect of olive oil and colocynth oil against cadmium-induced oxidative stress in the liver of Wistar rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 2015; 78: 177-84.
[4] Bucolo G, David H. Quantitative determination of serum triglycerides by the use of enzymes. Clin Chem. 1973; 19(5):476-82.
[5] Eidi A, Mortazavi P, Bazargan M, Zaringhala

Abstract: Consistent use of high RSC water may deteriorate the physical properties of soil and increases pH and SAR of soil. Continuous use may reduce germination / the establishment of seedling, retards plant growth and leads to a significant reduction in yield. Therefore, a field experiment in microplots was displayed at research plot in St. John's College, Agra to study the effect of sodic water on the growth yield of sugarbeet. The soil of the field is mostly alluvial in nature. The sugarbeet crop was sown in the winter season in 2008-09 and 2009-10. The experiment was conducted in Two Factorial Design having 36 treatments. The different doses of gypsum as a chemical ameliorant along with 3 treatment of sodic water was used......

Keywords: RSC, sodic, saline, sugarbeet, water quality

[1]. Almodares A. and Sharif M.E. (2007) Effect of irrigation water qualities on biomass and sugar contents of sugarbeet and sweet sorghum cultivers. Journal of Env. Biology. 28 (2) 213 – 218.
[2]. Chauhan R.P.S., Chauhan C.P.S., Dixit H.C. (1989) Effect of residual sodium carbonate in irrigation water on yield and chemical composition of Berseem J. Indian Soc. Sci 37: 431- 432
[3]. Chauhan,R.P.S., Kumar S. (1993) Effect of rsc in irrigation water on soil properties and yield of gram (Cicer arietium), pea (Pisum sativum) and lentil (Lens calinaries) Indian J. Agric. Sci 63(12) : 821-824.
[4]. Prasad F.M., Singh K., Verma MM, Yadav M S (1998) Role of chemical amendments in minimizing the adverse effect of RSC irrigation water on rhizobium treated and untreated black gram (Vigna munga). Proceeding of National Symposium pp 238-242
[5]. Ravankar H.N., Gajbhiye N.N. and Sarap P.A. (2005) Effect of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers on yield and availability of nutrients under sorghum - wheat sequence. Indian Journal of Agric. Research.39 (2): 142-145.

Abstract: Thermal plasma treatment technique is widely used in the treatment of domestic and industrial waste. The technique has the potential of converting organic portion of waste into synthetic gas that has energy value, while the inorganic portion is cemented into a vitreous slag which is stable to leaching of harmful heavy metals. This paper review looked at the application of the treatment technique to industrial and wastewater sludge. In the first part of the paper, description of thermal plasma technology; classification, characteristics and comparison of different types of plasma, is presented. The second part of the paper reviewed thermal plasma treatment processes, equipment specifications and process variables for different types of sludges (electroplating sludge,.......

Keywords:Heavy metals, syngas, thermal plasma, vitreous slag, wastewater sludge

[1]. K. Ramachandran and N. Kikukawa, "Plasma in-flight treatment of electroplating sludge," Vacuum, vol. 59, pp. 244-251, 2000.
[2]. H. Kim and D. Park, "Characteristics of Fly Ash/Sludge Slags Vitrified by Thermal Plasma," J. Ind. Eng. Chem., vol. 10, pp. 234-238, 2004.
[3]. E. Leal-Quiros, "Plasma Processing of Municipal Solid Waste," Brazilian Journal of Physics, vol. 34, pp. 1587-1593, December, 2004 2004.
[4]. Y. J. Tuan, H. P. Wang, and J. E. Chang, "Tracking of chromium in plasma co-melting of fly ashes and sludges," Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, vol. 223, pp. 5283-5288, 2012.
[5]. J. Chang, H. O. L. Li, and Y. Guo, "Thermal plasma treatment of stormwater detention pond sludge," Pure and Applied Chemistry, vol. 80, pp. 1993-2002, 2008.

Abstract: Heavy metal contamination in vegetables is a major concern indetermining food safety, quality and understanding adverse health impacts. In this study,we measured the contamination of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, Mn, Cr, Hg and As in three aquatic vegetables namely water spinach, Lasia roots and lotus roots which were collected from different cultivation sites. The metal concentrations were measured using ICP OES and the results showed that all vegetables exceeded the permissible levels in the concentrations of Pb, and Cr. Both Water spinach andLasia roots showed Cd ranging from 1.01 – 2.77mg/kg and0.84 -9.23 mg/kg respectively with two samples each exceeding permissible levels.....

Keywords: Heavy Metals, Lasia Spinosa, Ipomoea aquatic, Nelumbo nucifera

[1] FAO/WHO (2004) Fruit and vegetables for health. Report of Joint FAO/WHO Workshop, 1-3 September 2004, Kobe, Japan.
[2] P. R. Shakya and N. M. Khwaounjoo. 'Heavy Metal Contamination In Green Leafy Vegetables Collected from Different Market Sites Of Kathmandu and Their Associated Health Risks', Scientific World, 11, 2013, 11-19
[3] R.K.Sharma, M. Agrawal and F.M. Marshall Atmospheric deposition of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in Varanasi City, India, Environmental Monitory Assessment, 142, 2008, 269-278.
[4] C.S.C.Wong, X. D. Li, G. Zhang, S.H. Qi and X. Z. Peng, Atmospheric depositions of heavy metals in the Pearl River Delta, China, Atmos. Environ.,37, 2003, 767-776.
[5] B. V. Tangahu, S. R. S.Abdullah, H. Basri, M. Idris, N. Anuar, and M. Mukhlisin A Review on Heavy Metals (As, Pb, and Hg) Uptake by Plants through Phytoremediation, International Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2011, 31-39

Abstract: In recent years, aromatic plants and their extracts have been examined to prove their effectiveness for food safety and preservation applications. In this study, aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of laurel, clove, oregano, cinnamon, marigold, pepper mint, mustard, coriander, and tea tree oil to inhibit the growth of various food-related yeasts (Candida zeyland, Candida sake, Candida keyfr, Candida lambica and Sacchoromyces cerevisiae).The essential oils were analyzed by GC-MS to determine the chemical compositions. Major compounds found in essential oils of laurel, clove, oregano, cinnamon, marigold, pepper mint, mustard, coriander, and tea tree were Eucalyptol (54.73%), Eugenol (96.16%), Carvacrol (79.8%), trans-Cinnamaldehyde (39.48%), 1,8-Cineole (24,87%), Menthol (22.45%), Allyl isothiocyanate (42.46%), Linalool (61,26%) and Terpinen-4-ol (40,75%), respectively. Anti-yeast activity was studied by using the agar disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against tested yeast........

Keywords:Essential oils, MIC, disk diffusion assay, food-related yeasts, GC-MS

[1]. Belletti N, Kamdem SS, Tabanelli G, Lanciotti R, Gardini F. Modelling of combinedeffects of citral, linalooland b-pineneusedagainstSaccharomycescerevisiae in citrus-basedbeveragessubjectedto a mildheattreatment. Int J FoodMicrobiol2010; 136; 283-289.
[2]. Souza EL, Stamford TLM, Lima EO, Trajano. Effectiveness of Origanumvulgareessentialoiltoinhibitthegrowth of foodspoilingyeasts. Food Control 2007;18; 409–413.
[3]. Deák T. Yeasts. In: Handbook of foodspoilageyeasts. Editor: Prof. TiborDeák, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2007, pp. 369–370.
[4]. PittJI,Hocking AD. Primarykeysandmiscellaneousfungi. In: Fungiandfoodspoilage. Editors: Prof. John IngramPitt,AilsaDianeHocking, Springer, New York, 2009, pp.122-124 and 375-376.
[5]. Tyagi AK, Gottardi D, Malik A, Guerzoni ME. Chemicalcomposition, in vitro anti-yeastactivityandfruitjuicepreservationpotential of lemongrassoil. LWT - FoodSciTechnol 2014; 57; 731-737.