IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-10 ~ Issue-11 ~ November 2016

Abstract: The aims of the research were to analyze the strength of fruit filament of lontar and its contribution to stone block compression strength. Based on the microscopy analyses, lontar palm filament has average diameters 0.40mm with single tensile strength 45.144N/cm2. The comprehensive strength of stone block without filament was 80.985Kg/cm2and water content 10.17%. The highest comprehensive strength of stone block (92.216 Kg/cm²) was found in block with composites ash 0% and lontar fruits filaments 3%. The water content of such stone block was 12.73%. Compared to the stone..........

KeyWords: Lontar fruit filaments, local materials, single strength test

[1]. A. Rao, N.J. Kumar , and S. Misra, Use of aggregates from recycled construction and demolition waste in concrete. Resources, conservation and Recycling50(1), 2007, 71-81.
[2]. PBS. Hart, Land restoration management after topsoil mining and implications for restoration policy guidelines in New Zealand." Land Degradation & Development10(5), 1999, 435-453.
[3]. R. Fangueiro, Fibrous and composite materials for civil engineering applications (Elsevier, 2011).
[4]. S.S. Glazkov, M. Yu M. Borisov and O.B. Rudakov.Environmentally friendly composites based on secondary polyethylene and plant raw material(Scientific Herald of the Voronezh State University of Architecture & Civil Engineering. 18(2), 2013).
[5]. F.L. Matthews, and D. Rawlings. Composite materials: engineering and science (Elsevier, 1999).

Abstract: Eclipta alba of family (Asteraceae) is common hair-oil plant locally known as Bhringraj grow as a weed throughout India. The plant have been reported to possess enormous pharmacological activities such as Hepatoprotective, hair tonic, analgesic, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-cancerous, diuretic and many more. As almost every part of the plant is of medicinal use and it is very popular medicine in Indian ayurvedic system, plant has been harvested in huge amounts. Due to over exploitation of Eclipta alba it is in the list of endangered plant species. The increasing demand of E. alba in herbal industry, less availabilty and unmanaged harvesting also contribute to the aforementioned factors. The application of tissue culture can be significant for the conservation of endangered plants. This review consists all the updated information about secondary metabolites, medicinal properties and tissue culture studies on Eclipta alba.

KeyWords: Eclipta alba, Bhringraj, pharmacological activity, Tissue culture

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[3]. Thorat A., Jadhav V., Gaikwad D., Jadhav S. 2010. Phytochemical and Pharmacological potential of Eclipta alba: A review. Int Res J Phar. 1(1): 77-80.
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Abstract: The River Salandi, originated from well-known biosphere of Similipal reserve forest of Mayurbhanj district and joins with the river Baitarani at Tinitar, near Akhandalmani of Bhadrak district, after passing through Hadagada Dam, Bidyadharpur barrage, Agarapada town and Bhadrak Municipality. The river Salandi, during the course of its journey, receives both treated and untreated effluents from the mines, industrial wastes from Ferro Alloys Corporation (FACOR), agricultural wastes, urban wastes, biomedical wastes as well as domestic wastes.

KeyWords: Hexavalent chromium, standard procedures, standard deviations, standard limits, seasonal variations.

[1] Bhadra A K, Sahu B & Rout S P: A study of water quality index(WQI) of the river Brahmani, Odisha(India) to assess its potability: Int J of Current Engg. & Tec, Vol-4(06), (2014).
[2] Dash M C: Ecology, Chemistry & Management of Environmental Pollution, 1st Edition, Mac Millan India Limited, New Delhi, 82-85 (2004).
[3] Kaur H, Environmental Chemistry, 5th revised Edition, Pragati Prakashan, India, 233-224(2010).
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Abstract: An attempt has been made in the present study to investigate out for the reduction in the volume of water which is reaching the pond, separation of wastewater i.e. blackwater and greywater can be done by providing ecosan diverging toilets carried out in two different villages of Punjab state. It was carried out in two selected rural areas located in a radius of about 30 kilometres of Nawashahr district. Eco-sanitation Technology was used to sample out the organic content from the wastewater. Wet Ecosan type is used in this technique to treat the blackwater. Construction details, sizing of ecosan vaults and cost of the toilets were made according to materials required..

KeyWords: wastewater treatment, ecosan Technology, blackwater, greywater

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[2]. Eriksson, E., et al. (2002). "Greywater wastewater characteristics". Urban Water, 4, pp.85–104.
[3]. Biplob Pramanik, Ram Chandra Sarker, Dipok Chandra Sarker: Eco-san Toilet for Sustainable Sanitation Practice in Bangladesh. International Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering IJCEE-IJENS …Vol: 11 No: 05; Page no. 1-3
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[5]. Whitworth.K & Baldwin, D. S (2009) Current conditions & blackwater potential events in the wakool River …..Technical Report MDFRC 1/2009. MDFRC.

Abstract: Climatic factors may have an effect on the production of Mediterranean forests. The radial stem growth is an outstanding process to understand the ecology of a species and the study of the production of cambium cells provides a way to test this hypothesis in natural environment. Histological analysis of stem growth based on periodic wood micro-cores sampling will help building up a chronology of cell production during the growing season. The data used in this study come from four Aleppo pine stands located in the northwestern Tunisia (Kroumirie Forest). This study led to the establishment of a training calendar of the xylem's cells related with meso-climate of 2014 and 2015. This work allowed identifying the concordances between the dynamics of intra annual cambial activity, and the weather data. The construction of cambial cells of Aleppo pine is characterized by a spring growth phase, a summer rest period and winter dormancy. The reaction of a population to the climate and site conditions simulates a decrease in productivity of the radial cells linked to an increase in summer drought.

KeyWords: Pinus halepensis Mill., Kroumirie, climate, intra-annual variations.

[1]. Améztegui, A., Brotons, L., Coll, L., 2010. Land-use changes as major drivers of mountain pine (Pinus uncinata Ram.) expansion in the Pyrenees. Global Ecology and Biogeography 19, 632–641.
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Abstract: This work is aimed at assessing the toxicity index (TI) of heavy metals found in the wastewater of different garment industries of Chittagong city. The study finds the toxicity index of 9 toxic heavy metals found in the industrial effluent. This has been determined by sampling wastewater and subjecting the samples to a comprehensive chemical analyses. In calculating the TI, the toxic metals considered are: arsenic, chromium, cadmium, copper, lead, manganese, nickel, silver, and zinc. The TI for these 9 heavy metals ranges from 22.68 to 620.32. The high values of TI were found mainly from the higher values of manganese, lead, chromium, and nickel in wastewater. Although these metals have less toxic effect, they are significant in the industrial discharges mainly because of their bulk amount presence in water samples. The analysis reveals that the wastewater of the different industries need extensive treatments for toxicity before discharging in a water body.

KeyWords: Garment Industry, Heavy Metals, Industrial Discharge, Toxicity Index, Wastewater

[1]. M. al hadithi, Application of Water Quality Index to Assess Suitability of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Purposes in Ratmao-Pathri Rao Watershed, Haridwar District, India, American Journal of Science and Industrial Research, 3(6), 2012, 395-402.
[2]. R. Reza and G. Singh, Assessment of Groundwater Quality Status by Using Water Quality index Method in Orissa, India, World Applied Science Journal, 9(12), 2010, 1392-1397.
[3]. P. C. Mishra and R. K. Patel, Study of the pollution load in the drinking water of Rairangpur, a small tribal dominated town of North Orissa, Indian Journal of Environmental Ecoplan, 5(2), 2001, 293-298.
[4]. S. Naik and K. M. Purohit, Studies on water quality of river Brahmani in Sundargarh district, Orissa, Indian Journal of Environmental Ecoplan, 5(2), 2001, 397-402.
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Abstract: Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS), used as food and medicinal additives, are high molecular weight polymers made by reducing sugars produced during the growth cycle of various strains of bacillus and lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The exact role of EPS depends on structural unit and environmental conditions of producing microorganisms that protect them in foods against environmental stresses. It is well established that probiotic bacteria have beneficial influence on health of their host. The probiotic effects ascribed to LAB as the major probiotics are resulted not only from the action of whole microorganisms and cell wall components, but also from extracellular polysaccharides.................

KeyWords: Microbial exopolysaccharides, Probiotics, Biofilm, Physicochemical.

[1]. B. Vu, M. Chen, R.J. Crawford, and E.P. Ivanova, Bacterial extracellular polysaccharides involved in biofilm formation, Molecules, 14, 2009, 2535-2554.
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[3]. M.Y.K. Leung, C. Liu, J.C.M. Koon, and K.P. Fung, Polysaccharide biological response modifiers, Immunology Letters, 105(2), 2006, 101–114.
[4]. H.Q. Li, A. Schenk, A. Srivastava, D. Zhurina, and M.S. Ullrich, Thermo responsive expression and differential secretion of the extracellular enzyme levansucrase in the plant pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. FEMS Microbiology Letter, 265(2), 2006, 178–185.
[5]. D. Bergmaier, Production dexopolysaccharides par fermentation avec descellules immobilisees de L. rhamnosus RW-9595M dun milieu a base de permeat de lactoserum, Ph.D Thesis, Department des sciences des aliments et dela nutrition, Universite de Laval, Quebec, 2002

Abstract: Greenhouse technology intensively increased in Gaza Strip and used large amounts of insecticides and fungicides for pest control. This created toxicity symptoms among farmers. This study characterized the acute toxicity of applied pesticides among farmers working in greenhouses. The study based on data collection from 57 greenhouse farmers, blood collection for acetylcholine esterase determination, and health records investigation of the acute cases. It appeared that about 139 farmers were working in greenhouses for tomato and cucumber production and spraying pesticides several times during the week. Results documented nine insecticides and five fungicides applied for insect and fungal control...............

KeyWords: Insecticides, acetylcholine esterase, acute toxicity, ALT

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