IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-11 ~ Issue-5 ~ May 2017

Abstract: A comparative study on the hymenopteran diversity with special reference to ants in Thommankuth forest and adjacent areas was carried out for a period of six months from December 2014 to May 2015. The study held in Thommankuth forest and adjacent areas resulted in identifying 19 ant species. They belonged to one family named Formicidae and four subfamilies such as Formicinae, Myrmicinae, Ponerinae and Dolichoridinae. Out of the total 19 species observed, three species found only in forested areas, whereas four species found only in agricultural area...............

Keywords: Ants, thommankuth forest, agricultural area.western ghats.

[1]. Agosti, D.L.E. and Schuts, T.R. 2000. Ants-standard method for measuring and monitoring Biodiversity.Smithsonian Institution Press.Washington DC.
[2]. Ali, T.M. 1991. Ant fauna of Karnataka – 1. Newsletter of IUSSI Indian Chapter 5: 2-8.
[3]. Ali, T.M. 1992. Ant fauna of Karnataka – 1. Newsletter of IUSSI Indian Chapter 6: 1-9.
[4]. Anderson,A.N. 1997.Ants as indicators of ecosystem restoration following mining :a functional group approach.Centre for conservation biology ,The university of Queensland. Hymenoptera:Formicidae)at Forest Research Institute (FRI) Dehradun (India)
[5]. Anu, A. and Sabu,T . K. 2006. Biodiversity analysis of forest litter ant assemblage in the Wayanad region of Western ghats using taxonomic and conventional diversity measures. 13pp. Journal of Insect Science 7.06.

Abstract: The calciner uses furnace oil as its fuel. The flue gases coming from the calciner has a high thermal energy. This work is done to effectively utilize the thermal energy produced and hence to reduce the fuel consumption. By utilizing the heat energy of flue gases, the TiO2 slurry can be preheated using a heat exchanger. This preheating can reduce the total amount of the furnace oil used in the combustion chamber. Also by effectively utilizing the remaining heat of the gases using another heat exchanger, the furnace oil can be preheated which in turn eliminates the use of heating coil. Thus the efficiency of the plant can be improved by this technique.

KeyWords: Titanium Dioxide production, Flue Gas utilization, Heat Exchanger, Electrostatic Precipitator, (ESP) Induced Draught Fan, Rutile and Anatase

[1]. Tjatjopoulos, G.J. and Vasalos, I.A, Feasibility analysis of Ternary Feed Mixtures of Methane with oxygen, steam, and carbon dioxide for the production of Methanol Synthesis Gas.Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.,1998,37,1410-1421.
[2]. Inui T.,Saigo k.,Fujii Y., and Fujioka K. Catalytic combustion of Natural Gas as the Role of On-site Heat Supply in Rapid Catalytic CO2 - H2O Reforming Methane.Catal today,, 1995,26(3-4)295-302.
[3]. Choudary, V.R., and Rajput A.M.Simultaneously Carbon dioxide and Steam Reforming of Methane to Syngas over NiO/MgO/SA-5205 in presence and absence of Oxygen.Appl. Catal. A;Gen.,1998,168,33-46
[4]. Choudary,V.R.;Uphade,B.S.,Mamman,Carbon dioxide and Steam Reforming of Methane to Syngas over Nio-Cao Catalyst.Ind.Eng,Chem,Res,1996,35,3934-3939.
[5]. Hegarty M.E.S., O'Connor A.M. and Ross J.R.H. Syngas Production from NaturalGas using ZrO2-Supported metals.catal.Today, 1998, 429(3), 225-232.

Abstract: Wood poles are popular and are used worldwide in the power supply industries because of their high strength per unit weight, low installation and maintenance costs, and local availability. However, the environmental sustainability which is another required criterion to appreciate the whole quality of wood utility poles has until nownot received attention from the developing countries' research community. To overcome this lack of interest, this study investigates the gate-to-grave life cycle environmental impacts, related to CBA-treated wooden utility poles used for electricity distribution in a developing country for primary environmental characterization of wood pole related operations...............

KeyWords: Cameroon, Environmental profile, Gate-to-grave, Life cycle assessment, Wood utility pole.

[1] Pokam Kamdem W., 2007. L'énergie et le processus de mise en valeur du Cameroun français (1946-1959). Mémoire de Maîtrise en Histoire, Université de Yaoundé 1. Available at: http://www.memoireonline.com/05/11/4530/m_Lenergie-et-le-processus-de-mise-en-valeur-du-Cameroun-franais-1946-19590.html, assessed December 21, 2016.
[2] AES SONEL, 2014. Statistiques poteaux bois en réseau. Direction des réseaux, Douala.
[3] Bolin C. A., Smith S. T., 2011. Life Cycle Assessment of Pentachlorophenol-Treated Wooden Utility poles with Comparisons to Steel and Concrete Utility Poles. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15 (5), 2475-2486.
[4] Madival S., Auras R., Singh S., Narayan R., 2009. Assessment of the environmental profile of PLA, PET and PS clamshell containers using LCA methodology. J. Clean. Prod. 17: 1183–1194.
[5] Porhinčák M., Eštoková A., 2011. Environmental Profile of Building Materials of a Single Family House. Organization, Technology & Management in Construction: An international Journal, 3 (2), 348-353.

Abstract: The decay of Nigeria traditional neighbourhood is a result of uncontrolled population and physical growth. Coupled with this problem, is the total neglect of renewal and maintenance as at when due which eventually led to unplanned development, inadequate provision of social services, as well as infrastructural facilities and environmental degradation. This paper therefore investigates the old traditional neighbourhoods in Oke-Itoku area of Abeokuta, using a well structured questionnaire administered to the residents of the Neighbourhood with a view to finding out the conditions of buildings in the area and how it could be improved.
Data gathered from the field work were statistically analysed using various statistical tools such as frequency tables, Pie charts, Line chart and Bar Chart...........

Keywords: Building, Traditional Neighbourhood, Upgrading, Urbanization, Urban Renewal

[1]. Akintola, P.O. & Nyama, H.C. (1978): Land use and surface water pollution in Southwest, Nigeria; proceedings of Regional Conference of International Geographer Union, Lagos, Nigeria. Pp 17-18
[2]. Callans, T.A. (1974): Neighboohoud concept. Owner Felthanham group of papers, Physical planning division, U.S.A. Unpublished P.3
[3]. Keeble, L. (1998): Principles and Practice of Town and Country Planning Estate Gazette. U.S.A. p.33
[4]. Odunjo, O.O., Baba, A.O., & Adeoye, O.D.(2006): Urban Environmental Sustainability: Upgrading the old Traditional Neighbourhoods in Nigeria cities: A case study of Itamaya Area of Ibadan. Urban design research Team (UDRT), Department of Architecture, School of Environmental Technology, F.U.T.A
[5]. Oguntimehin, A.S.; & Oguntimehin, O.T.: (2017): An assessment of housing preference determinant in urban center: case study of Lagos metropolis; Journal of Environmental Research, School of Environmental Studies, Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro, Ogun State. Nigeria.

Abstract: A long-term research was made (2000-2015) of air pollution in the industrial region of Devnya, located in North-east Bulgaria. It has powerful industrial enterprises of great significance for the national economy: production of soda ash, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilisers, clinker and cement, as well as a coal-fired thermal power plant. Basic pollutants were studied: SO2, NO2, CO, O3, PM10, NH3 and C6H6. The results indicate a significant decrease in the concentrations of all air pollutants after the introduction of the IPPC permits for the industrial and combustion plants (2005-2006) for the implementation of best available techniques, efficient purification facilities of waste gases............

Keywords: Air pollution, SO2, NO2, CO, O3, PM10, NH3, C6H6, IPPC permits, measures to improve air quality

[1] Law on Clean Air, State Gazette /Durzhaven Vestnik/ issue 45/1996, amended State Gazette /Durzhaven Vestnik/ issue 58/2016.
[2] Council Directive 96/61/EC of 24 September 1996 concerning integrated pollution prevention and control, ОВ L 257/26.
[3] Ordinance /2009 on the Terms and Order for Issuing Permits for IPPC, State Gazette /Durzhaven Vestnik/ issue 80/2009, amended State Gazette /Durzhaven Vestnik/ issue 69/2012.
[4] Environment Protection Law, State Gazette /Durzhaven Vestnik/ issue 91/2002, amended State Gazette /Durzhaven Vestnik/ issue 81/2016.
[5] Directive 2008/1/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 January 2008 concerning integrated pollution prevention and control, ОВ L 24/8.

Abstract: Education has been used by mankind not only as a conserving agency and a mechanism of social control but also as a creative and regenerative influence to bring about positive changes in existing modes of thinking and living in belief's values, attitudes and customs. Environmental education is an integral process, which deals with man's interrelation ship with his natural and man made surroundings including the relation of population growth, pollution, resources allocation and depletion, conservation, technology and urban and rural planning to the total human environment. Environmental education is intended to promote among citizens the awareness and understanding of the environment, our relationship to it and the concern and responsible action necessary to assure our survival and to improve the quality of life.

[1]. AGARWAL, SHAMMI PUROHIT (2004), Environmental Sciences ,Shyam Printers, Jodhpur.
[2]. ANJANEYULU (2005), Introduction to Environmental Sciences, BS Publication, Hyderabad.
[3]. ANJI REDDY M. (2007), Environmental Sciences and Technology, BS Publication, Hyderabad.
[4]. ERACH BHARUCHA (2005), Environmental studies, University press, Delhi.
[5]. JAGDISH CHAND (2007) , Environmental Education, An shah Publishing House, Delhi.
[6]. JOHN BEST . W, JAMES KAHN.V (2006),Research in Education, Prentice hall publication, New Delhi.

Abstract: Exposure to ionizing radiation even at low doses may cause damage to the genetic material in the cells that can result in the development of radiation induced cancer many years later In this study, an in-situ measurement of gamma exposure levels was carried out in 19 towns in Akoko region, Ondo State, Southwestern, Nigeria. Gamma dose rates were measured using a well calibrated Inspector 1000 detector. A total of 1097 points were surveyed across the area. The dose rates obtained varies from 0.03 to 0.18 μSvh-1 with a mean value of 0.086 ±0.02 μSvh-1. The data obtained were used to realize the outdoor gamma radiation map of the study area.

Keywords: Akoko Region, Excessive lifetime cancer, Gamma dose rates, Inspector 1000

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[2]. A.A Sadiq, E.H. Agba, Indoor and outdoor ambient radiation levels in Keffi, Nigeria. Facta Universitatis series, working and living environmental protection. 9(1), 2012, 19-26.
[3]. N.N. Jibiri, S.T.U. Obarhua, Indoor and outdoor gamma dose rate exposure levels in major commercial building material distribution outlets and their radiological implications to occupants in Ibadan, Nigeria. J. National Sci. Res. 3(3), 2013, 25-31.
[4]. C.P. Ononugbo, G.O. Avwiri, G. Tutumeni, Estimation of indoor and outdoor Effective doses from gamma dose rates of residential buildings in Emelogu village in Rivers State, Nigeria. Int. Res. J. of Pure and Appl. Phys. 3(2), 2015, 18-27.
[5]. M.A. Rahaman, O.O. Ocan, The nature of the granulite facies metamorphism in Ikare Area, Southwestern, Nigeria. In:Precambrian geology of Nigeria. GSN, 1978, 157-162.

Abstract: The proximate composition and heavy metal content of the clam Senilia senilis from the Andoni River was investigated. Samples were categorized into three class sizes: small (< 30 mm), medium (30-50 mm), and large (> 50 mm) each with 10 sampling units for each class size. Differences across class size were significant for carbohydrate, protein, lipid, and fiber contents but not ash and moisture contents. Effect of class size on proximate composition of soft tissues of clams was more pronounced in carbohydrate and lipid contents relative to protein and fiber contents, with mean values of carbohydrate and lipid generally higher in large-sized clams compared to small-sized and medium-sized clams.............

Keywords: Proximate, Composition, Heavy Metal, & Clams

[1]. Adeyeye, E. I., Akinyugha, R. J., Febosi, M. E. and Tenabe, V. O. (1996): Determination of some metals in Clarias gariepinus (Cuvier and Valenciemes), Cyprinus carpio (L) and Oreochromis niloticus (L) fishes in a polyculture fresh water pond and their environment. Aquacut., 47: 205-214.
[2]. Allen, S. E., Grimshaw, H. M., Parkinson, J. A., Quarmby, C. (1974). Chemical analysis of ecological materials. Blackwell Scientific Publications. London. 69-90.
[3]. Amisah, S., Adjei-Boateng, D., Obirikorang, K. A. and Quagrainie, K. K. (2009). Effects of clam size on heavy metal accumulation in whole soft tissues of Galatea paradoxa (Born, 1778) from the Volta Estuary, Ghana. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture, 1(2): 14-21.
[4]. Bombata-Fashina, H. A., Megbowon, I., Olumide, O, P. A., Ozor, P. A., Ibrahim, A. O., Adejonwo, O. A. & Kolade, O. Y. (2013). Comparative study of the proximate composition of some wild tilapiine fishes in Epe Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 8(1): 265-267.
[5]. Cagiltay, F., Erkan, N., Selcuk, A., Ozden, O., Devrim Tosun, D., Ulusoy, S. & Atanasoff, A. (2014). Chemical composition of wild and cultured marsh frog (Rana ridibunda). Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 20(5): 1250-1254.

Abstract: The pollutions issues are a pervasive and increasing threat to human and forest ecosystem. Plants have been recognised as a method to reduce pollution. However, leaf is the most sensitive organ to pollution where changes in leaf morphological, physiological, anatomical and biochemical can occur. This study was conducted to determine the quantity of epicuticular wax on Syzygium myrtifolium leaves in urban, suburban and industrial areas. Three trees were selected in each of the study sites and new leaves on the branch was marked. 5 g per sample collected for analysis. Leaf surface particles were extracted using 20 ml of chloroform in conical flask and was left overnight for hardening where weight were recorded............

Keywords: Epicuticular wax, industrial area, suburban area, Syzygium myrtifolium, urban area

[1]. Pal A, Kulshreshtha K, Ahmad KJ, Behl HM. 2002. Do leaf surface characters play a role in plant resistance to auto-exhaust pollution? Flora 197, 47–55.
[2]. Sase H, Matsuda K, Visaratana T, Garivait H, Yamashita N, Kietvuttinon B, Hongthong B, Luangjame J, Khummongkol P, Shindo J, Endo T, Sato K, Uchiyama S, Miyazawa M, Nakata M, Wuled Lenggoro I. 2012. Deposition process of sulfate and elemental carbon in Japanese and Thai Forests. Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment 6(4), 246-258.
[3]. Nakaba S, Yamane K, Fukahori M, Nugroho WD, Yamaguchi M, Kuroda K, Sano Y, Lenggoro W, Izuta T, Funada R. 2016. Effect of epicuticular wax crystals on the localization of artificially deposited sub‑micron carbon‑based aerosols on needles of Cryptomeria japonica. Journal of Plant Research. DOI 10.1007/s10265-016-0839-7.
[4]. Leonard RJ, McArthur C, Hochuli DF. 2016. Particulate matter deposition on roadside plants and the importance of leaf trait combinations. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening 20, 249–253.
[5]. Sase H, Takamatsu T. 2009. Atmospheric deposition and its leaf surface interactions in Japanese cedar forests. In Creighton JD, Roney PJ Eds. Forest canopies: forest production, ecosystem health and climate conditions. Nova Science Publishers. pp. 127-141.

Abstract: Well logs observations have contributed to our understanding of the subsurface structures of the Arkoma Basin. These observations have led to a new explanation of the relationship between surface and subsurface structure of the basin. About 1500 well logs were used in this study to conduct a subsurface structural analysis of faults in the Arkoma basin of northcentral Arkansas. The Arkoma Basin is one of many petroleum basins in the United States which is structurally characterized by series of normal faults. In this study the faults were analyzed by building a structural contour map for Lower Atokan Formation (about 350 million years in age) and plotting nine cross sections using the well logs..............

Keywords:Arkoma Basin, Clarksville, Growth Fault, Mulberry, Principle Stress.

[1]. McGilvery, T., A., Lithostratigraphy of the Brentwood and Woolsey Members, Bloyd Formation (Type Morrowan) in Washington and Western Madison Counties, Arkansas, Master's Thesis, unpublished, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 1982.
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[3]. Houseknecht, D.W., and Kacena, J.A., 1983, Tectonic and Sedimentary Evolution of the Arkoma Foreland Basin, Tectonic-Sedimentary Evolution of the Arkoma Basin and Guidebook to Deltaic Facies, Hartshorne Sandstone, v. 1, p. 3-33.
[4]. Long, W., A., The Mulberry Fault Zone: An Analysis of Subsurface Geometry and Timing of Fault Displacement:, Master's Thesis, unpublished, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 2005.
[5]. Collier, A. J., White, D., and Girty, G. H., 1907, The Arkansas coal field (No. 326), Geological Survey (US)..

Abstract: Due to various health risks associated with contaminated sites, health risk assessment has gained a lot of attention among the researchers worldwide. Health risk analysis is also one of the elementary steps involved in the selection of a cleanup program for a site. In this paper, the non carcinogenic (as Hazard Index) and carcinogenic health risks are evaluated for the three contaminated sites located in different parts of India i.e. Balanagar industrial area (Hyderabad), Pali industrial area (Rajasthan) and Surat industrial area situated in south Gujarat, to identify the potential health risks to human involved with the exposure to the site...............

Keywords: Carcinogenic Risk, Hazard Index, Hazard Quotient, Non-Carcinogenic Risk.

[1]. MoEF Report (2013). "Existing data and general information on contaminated site in India," Inventory and mapping of probably contaminated sites in India.
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[5]. Duruibe, J. O., Ogwuegbu, M. O. C. and Egwurugwu, J. N. (2007), "Heavy metal pollution and human biotoxic effects", International Journal of Physical Sciences Vol. 2 (5), pp-112-118..

Abstract: The soil physico-chemical properties and heavy metals concentrations in different layers of the soil (0 - 30; 30 - 60; 60 – 90 and 90 - 120 cm depth) of Apir and Northbank automobile mechanic villages and control site at University of Agriculture, Makurdi were studied. The analysis showed the soils to be sandy loam clay, with low organic matter content (1.64 - 2.39 %)), slightly acidic pH (6.29 - 6.67), high bulk density (1.49 - 1.52 g/cm3) and porosity (42.2 - 43.3 %) across depths and locations. The soil samples were digested with a mixture of HNO3 and HCl (1:3 v/v), and analyzed for heavy metals such as Cu, Cr, Zn, Cd, Mn, Ni and Co using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.............

Keywords: Heavy metals, soils, mechanic workshops and Makurdi

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[4]. Balasubramanian A, Boyle, A.R, and Voulvoulis, N (2007). Improving Petroleum Contaminated Land Remediation Decision-Making through the MCA Weighting Process. Chemosphere 66:791-798.
[5]. Banjoko A, Sobulo RA (1994). Particle size distribution of Fe, Mn, Zn Cu and B in some Nigerian soils. Nig. J. Sci. 34:60-163.

Abstract: Plastic wastes accumulating in the environment are posing an ever increasing ecological threat. Plastics that are biodegradable can be considered environment friendly, they have an increasing range of potential application and are driven by the growing use of plastics in packaging. In this study, the biodegradation of plastic material was analyzed 1 month of incubation in liquid culture method. The microbial species found associated with the degrading materials were identified as three Gram positive and two Gram negative bacteria..............

Keywords:Biodegradation, plastics, bacterial species, FTIR..

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