IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-11 ~ Issue-5 ~ May 2017

Abstract: The present study was carried out to determine the physicochemical characteristics of water and the diversity of microalgae in three different mangrove ecosystems of Ernakulam district for a period of one year. Surface water temperatures varied from 300C to 320C. The pH ranged from 7.1 to 8.4 at all the stations during the course of study. The variation in the dissolved oxygen ranged from 0.48 to 1.28 mg/l, carbon dioxide from 0.88 to 3.6 ppm, alkalinity ranged from 15 to 20 ppm and the dissolved chloride ions ranges from 7.28g/l to 8.07 g/l...............

Keywords: Mangroves, Microlgae, physicochemical parameters, and wetland ecosystem

[1]. E. James Cloern , Phytoplankton bloom dynamics in coastal ecosystems: A review with some general lessons from sustained investigation of San Francisco Bay, California. Reviews of Geophysics, 34 (2) , 1996,127–1
[2]. A.L. Ramanathan, Sediment characteristics of the Pichavaram mangrove environment, southeast coast of India. Ind. J. Mar. Sci, 26, 1997, 319- 322.
[3]. K. Kathiresan, and B.L. Bingham, Biology of mangroves and mangrove ecosystems, Adv. Marine Biol., 40, 2001,81-251.
[4]. Abu Hena Mustafa Kamal Mohd Hanafi Bin Idris and Johan Bin Ismail, Seasonal Variation in the Occurrence and Abundance of Mangrove Macroalgae in a Malaysian Estuary Cryptogamie, Algologie , 37(2), 2016 , 109-120.

[5]. F. Melville Alex Pulkownik, D. Margaret Burchett , Zonal and seasonal variation in the distribution and abundance of mangrove macroalgae in the Parramatta River, Australia, Estuarine Coastal and Shelf science, 64(2), 2005, 267- 276.

Abstract: The objective of the present review paper is to study the various effects of pesticide pollution on freshwater fishes like Labeorohita and conclude about what to do as solution. Pesticides are used extensively in crop fields in present days. The focus of the following paper is the changes occurring at genomic and biochemical level in fishes. Usually, biochemical changes are observed in total protein content and/or total carbohydrate content.Lipids are also affected due to pesticide pollution. Genomic changes are nominal, although nucleic acids of two types, namely DNA and RNA, are affected in large scale.

KeyWords: Pesticides, Chemicals, Fish, Protein, Carbohydrate, Nucleic acid, DNA, RNA

[1]. Agrawal. D., Sultana. P., Gupta GSD. (1991). Oxidativedamage and changes in the glutathione redox systemin erythrocytes from rats treated withhexachlorocyclohexane. Food Chem. Toxicol., 29:459–462.
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Abstract: The present field experiment was performed in the farmer's field located in Bambala, Tehsil- Sanganer, Jaipur to determine the effects of vermicompost on Bengal gram (Cicer arietinum L.) var. RSG-896. Seeds of Bengal gram (Cicer arietinum L.) var. RSG-896 were exposed to different treatment levels of vermicompost i.e. T1 which was control level (soil without vermicompost)., T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6. Plants were harvested at three stages i.e. pre-flowering, peak-flowering and post-flowering stages. With the increase in vermicompost level the root length, shoot length, root dry weight , shoot dry weight and total dry weight were increased to 39.36, 38.55, 36.92, 67.94, 64.26% respectively. Chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b and total chlorophyll contents also increased with increasing level of vermicompost to 62.14, 60.64 and 61.53% respectively.

KeyWords: Agricultural fields, Cicer arietinum, growth parameters, vermicomposting.

[1] S.U. Sundari, and A. Gandhi, Effect of vermicompost prepared from different Organic wastes on growth and yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.(Moench)), International Journal of Recent Scientific Research, 4(5),2013, 568-571.
[2] C. A. Edwards, & I. Burrows, The Potential of Earthworms Composts as Plant Growth Media. In C. A. Edward, and E. F. Neuhauser (Eds.), Earthworms in Waste and Environmental Management (ISBN 90-5103-017-7, pp. 21-32). SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague, Netherlands, 1988.
[3] A. K. Gupta, B. Ray, M. P. Singh, V. Upadhyaya and C. K. Singh, Effect of fertilizers and vermicompost on growth, yield and biochemical changes in Abelmoschus esculentus. Plant Archieves, Vol.11, 2011, pp.285-287.
[4] D.A. Ntanos, and S.D. Koutroubas, Dry matter and N accumulation and translocation for indica and Japonica rice under Mediterranean conditions, Field Crops Sci., 74, 2002, 93-101.
[5] L.P. Canellas, F.L. Oliveres, A.L. Olorovola, and A.R. Facanda, Humic acid isolated from Earthworm compost enhance root elongation; aerial root emergence and plasma membrane H+ ATP activity Maize root. Plant Physiol., 130, 2002, 1951-1957.

Abstract: Plant growth is the result of many integrated and regulated physiological processes. Salinity, which is one of the major abiotic stresses, causes alterations in a wide range of physiological, biochemical and molecular processes in plants. It decreases plant growth and yield, depending on the plant species, salinity levels and ionic composition of the salts. In this study, Triticum aestivum L. var. Raj-3765 was selected as the test species. Six different levels of salinity were maintained to conduct the experiment for finding out level of tolerance of salinity by this crop plant. Salinity levels were prepared by adding different concentrations of Saline water (SW) and double distilled water (DW). The best growth of this crop plant was observed at level 2 i.e. SW: DW: 10:90.

KeyWords: Biomass, Chlorophyll (Photosynthetic pigment), Wheat and Salinity Stress.

[1]. A.A. Radi, F.A. Farghaly, and A.M. Hamada, Physiological and biochemical responses of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive wheat and bean cultivars to salinity, Journal of Biology and Earth Sciences, 3 (1), 2013, B72-B88.
[2]. R. Kumar, M.P. Singh, and S. Kumar, Effect of salinity on germination, growth, yield and yield attributes of wheat, International Journal of Scientific & Technology Researc, 1 (6), 2012, 19-23.
[3]. M.M. Hussein, L.K. Balbaa, and M.S. Gaballah, Developing a salt tolerant cowpea using Alpha Tocopherol, Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 3(10), 2007, 1234-1239.

[4]. H. T. Rahimi, E. H. Majidi, and M. Shahbazi, Evaluation of physiological and morphological indices on tolerance to salinity stress in forage sorghum: Abstracts proceeding of the 5th Iranian crop production and breeding congress, Seed and plant improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran, 1998.
[5]. O.A. Al-Sobhi, H.S. Al-Zaharani, and S.B. Al-Ahmadi, Effect of salinity on chlorophyll and carbohydrate contents of Calotropis procera seedlings, Scientific Journal of King Faisal University (Basic and Applied Sciences),7, 2006, 11427H..

Abstract: The levels of Selenium (Se) in vegetables, medicinal plants and soils from selected sites within the Lower Benue River Basin Development Authority catchment (spanning latitudes 6º 15' and 9º 10'N and longitudes 6º 22' and 10º 25'E) were determined as part of investigations of the element's biogeochemistry in the area. Seventy eight (78) plant and forty (40) agricultural soil samples were obtained from eight sites in the study area and their levels of Se determined using the simple, sensitive and selective 2, 4-DNPH-NEDA spectrophotometric method. Results obtained showed soil Se in the whole area was in the range 1.0 x 10-4 – 97.0 x 10-4 mg/kg, with an average of 44.0 x 10-4±0.0020 mg/kg, while the mean Se levels in vegetables and medicinal plants were 217.0 x 10-4 ±0.0105 mg/kg and 206..................

KeyWords: Lower Benue River Basin, Nigeria, Plants, Selenium, Soils

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[2]. M.B. Zimmerman, and J. Kohrle. The Impact of Iron and Selenium Deficiencies on Iodine and Thyroid Metabolism: Biochemistry and Relevance to Public Health. Thyroid.12:2002, 867-78.
[3]. J. Kohrle, F. Jakob and B. Contempre,. Selenium, the thyroid, and the endocrine system. Endocrin Reviews. 26:2005, 944–84.
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Abstract: With about 80% of people in Jigawa involved in agriculture, it is safe to say agriculture lies at the heart of the economy in the state. However, a combination of crude implements, inadequate artificial fertilizers, all add to the tedious environmental setting in which farming is carried out. This study attempts to show how agroforestry practice yields much needed benefits in the study area. The study used multistage sampling; three zones in the state, Jigawa northwest, Jigawa northeast and Jigawa south.........

KeyWords: Agroforestry, Smallholder farms, Fuel-wood, Carbon sequestration

[1] Abubakar. M.S. and Ahmad. D. (2010) Utilization of and Constraints on Animal Traction in Jigawa State, Nigeria. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 4(6): 1152-1156,
[2] Adedayo AG, Oluronke S. (2014) Farmers' Perception and Adoption of Agroforestry Practices in Osun State, Nigeria. Forest Res 3: 127.
[3] Bhagwat S.A, Willis K.J, Birks HJB, Whittaker R.J (2008) Agroforestry: a refuge for tropical biodiversity? Trends in Ecology and Evolution 23: 261–264
[4] Biodiversity Journal, 4(3):427-434
[5] Charley and West, 1977, In Babalola (2009):Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife and Environment. Vol: 1 (1)..

Abstract: Concentration of some heavy metals cadmium(Cd) iron(Fe) copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn)) in water, soil and their accumulation in the edible tissue of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus), were determined in samples collected from Lugbe, Idu and Kuje in the Federal capital City, Abuja, Nigeria using flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Some physico-chemical parameters of the water samples were determined to assess the suitability for fish production. The results for heavy metals contamination revealed the concentrations in the fish samples at the different locations are in the order:............

KeyWords: fish, heavy metals, soil, water

[1] Nigerian Observer News, Archive. October, 2014. Fish Consumption in Nigeria
[2] M. D. Onyango, S. Wandili, R. Kakai and E. N. Waindi. Isolation of Salmonella and Shigella from fish harvested from Winam gulf of Lake Victoria. Journal of Information in Developing Countries, 3(2), 2009, 99-104.
[3] C. J. Ida. Heavy Metals in Suchindramkulam (A Lentic Water Body) of Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India. Journal of Tropical and Experimental Biology 8(3 and 4): 2012, 141-145
[4] O. J. Egbere, A. Kadir, T. Oyero, K. Steve, O. Odewumi and H. Zakari. Bacteriological Quality of Catfish in Jos Metropolis, Nigeria. International Journal of Bioscience, 5 (2), 2008, 95-10.
[5] P. C. Howgate, C. Lima dos Santos and Z. H. Shebiadeh. Aquaculture Products: Quality, Safety, Marketing and Trade. Proceedings of the Conference on Aquaculture in the Third Millennium, (Bangkok, Thailand, 2001). 220-225..

Abstract: Coal can be defined as a chemically and physically heterogenous, "combustible", sedimentary rock consisting of both organic and inorganic materials. Organically, coal consists primarily of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, with lesser amounts of sulphur and nitrogen. Inorganically, coal consists of a diverse range of ash-forming compounds distributed throughout the coal. Two sampling points were selected to undergo the analysis. Three major type of analysis were done: proximate analysis, ultimate analysis and calorific value analysis. Result of laboratory analysis indicates that the calorific value or energy producing capacity of Wittete area ranges from 2894 kcal/kg to 5885 kcal/kg which was greater than that of Achibo-Sombo area which ranges from 2314 kcal/kg to 4847 kcal/kg.............

KeyWords: Physico Chemical Parameters, Coal, Energy, Carbon content

[1] MISHRA, (2009), Assessment of coal quality of some Indian coals, MSC Thesis, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela
[2] K. Verma, T. N. Singh, M. Monjezi, (2010), Intelligent prediction of heating value of coal, S. D. Limaye / Iranian Journal of Earth Sciences, vol.2, pp (32-38).
[3] China National Complete Plant Import and Export Corporation LTD, (2007).Geological Report (Final) on Detailed Exploration of Wittete Minefield. Addis Abeba.
[4] Tigist W, (2007), Coal Exploration Result in Ethiopia, Hydro carbon Exploration Team, GSE (Unpublished report).EIGS, Addis Abeba.
[5] Gebre Yohannes H. (2001), Geological report on coal deposit extension investigation around Wittete and Yayo blocks, Vol. 1&2 (Unpublished report). EIGS, Addis Abeba.

Abstract: This study contains an analysis of mean monthly precipitation values, covering multiple profiles, in 13 Indian river catchment areas: Brahmaputra, Indus, Ganga, Mahi, Narmada, Tapti, Damodar, Brahmani, Krishna, Penner, Cauvery, Mahanadi and Godavari. The analysis covers data for the period 1901–2010 with a spatial resolution of 0.5°x°0.5° of geographic longitude and latitude (GPCC data). The data is analysed in monthly and calendar year profiles. The periodical nature of precipitation is assessed and the trends in climate changes calculated. The characteristics of trend in climate changes are described by linear equations with indicated boundary values of coefficients determined at a 5% significance level............

KeyWords: GPCC data, monthly precipitation, annual precipitation, frequency analysis, climate trend in precipitation, territory of India.

[1]. A. Becker, P. Finger, A. Meyer-Christoffer, B. Rudolf, K. Schamm, U. Schneider, and M. Ziese , A description of the global land-surface precipitation data products of the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre with sample applications including centennial (trend) analysis from 1901–present, Global Precipitation Climatology Centre, Deutscher Wetterdienst, Offenbach, Germany, 2013
[2]. Adler, R.F., G.J. Huffman, A. Chang, R. Ferraro, P. Xie, J. Janowiak, B. Rudolf, U. Schneider, S. Curtis, D. Bolvin, A. Gruber, J. Susskind, P. Arkin and E. Nelkin (2003): The Version-2 Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) Monthly Precipitation analysis (1979- present). J. Hydrometeorol., 4, 1147–1167.
[3]. All India Area Weighted Monthly, Seasonal and Annual Rainfall in Mm 1901- 2010 from the Revised Series Computed Using all Available Raingauge Stations Data and From IMD District Rainfall Data Series while The Period 2011-2014 Are Based On The Realtime Drms Data, India Meteorological Department, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Climate Application Group, https://data.gov.in/catalog/all-india-area-weighted-monthly-seasonal-and-annual-rainfall-mm, http://www.imdpune.gov.in/hydrology/
[4]. Ashwini A. Ranade, Nityanand Singh, H.N. Singh and N.A. Sontakke, Characteristics of Hydrological Wet Season over Different River Basins of India, , Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, , September 2007
[5]. Ashwini Ranade, Nityanand Singh, H.N. Singh and N.A. Sontakke, On Variability Of Hydrological Wet, Season, Seasonal Rainfall And Rainwater Potential Of The River Basins Of India (1813-2006), Indian Institute Of Tropical Meteorology, Journal Of Hydrological Research And Development, Vol. 23, 2008

Abstract: White tea is just made by drying only without any other normal fermentation process which are adopted for other tea varieties. The biochemical components like flavonoids, total polyphenols, tannins and catcehins are prominent in white tea. Catechin content is higher than tannin content. All those active components are higher in methanolic extracts than their corresponding aqueous extracts. The higher antioxidant activities are manifestations of all those active components. Higher antimicrobial property (inhibition of growth in liquid and solid medium of Gram positive and Gram negative organism) is a beneficial aspect of white tea regarding health concern. Moreover lowering of in vitro blood glucose level and inhibition of digestive enzymes ( amylase, -D Glucosidase, lipase) may attribute to the biomedical application of white tea.

KeyWords: White tea, antimicrobial, antioxidant, digestive enzyme.

[1] Adnan M, Ahmad A, Ahmed A. (2013) Chemical composition and sensory evaluation of tea (Camellia sinensis) commercialized in Pakistan. Pak J Bot ; 45(3): 901–7p.
[2] Alcázar, A., Ballesteros, O., Jurado, J. M., Pablos, F., Martín, M. J., Vilches, J. L., & Navalón, A. (2007). Differentiation of green, white, black, Oolong, and Pu-erh teas according to their free amino acids content. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55(15), 5960–5. doi:10.1021/jf070601a. [3] Almajano, M., Carbó, R., Jiménez, J. and Gordon, M. (2008)Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of tea infusions. Food Chemistry, 108 (1) (2008), pp. 55–63.
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Abstract: Nine water wells serving nine different building residents in the Bourj Abi Haydar- Nuwayri region in Beirut (Lebanon) were tested for contamination with Gram negative bacteria by standard methods. The samples were obtained from the first outlet from the well that was available for the collection of the water by the users. Six of the wells grew numerous types of bacteria including coliforms and non-fermentative organisms. Two wells grew Salmonella and Shigella species respectively, while a third was recognized for the very big number of CFUs growing from the sample obtained.............

KeyWords: Bacterial Contamination, Detection of coliforms, Drinking water, Groundwater, Urban water supplies, Well water.

[1] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Private drinking water wells, Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, 2005. Available online at: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/privatewells/Index2.html or: https://www.epa.gov/privatewells/about-private-water-wells
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