IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-12 ~ Issue-3 ~ March 2018

Abstract: The effects of animal husbandry on vegetation cover of four selected districts in Zango Kataf Local Government Area of Kaduna State was conducted using a quadrat method for grazed (impacted) areas and un-grazed (control) areas. The aim was to examine the effects of animal grazing on vegetation cover of the study area. Results of data analysis revealed significant detrimental effects of animal grazing in grazed (impacted) areas which is chiefly caused by grazing of cattle, goats and sheep. The results of Vegetation Surface Cover (S.C.I.) for Grazed and Un-grazed Areas showed significant difference at p < .05 (.001). The pairwise comparison of pos hoc analysis using Tukey HSD test also showed that the overall mean difference was significant at p < .05 level. Grasses were the dominant vegetation..........

Keywords: Animal Husbandry, Grazing, Vegetation Cover, Quadrat, Impacted, Control.

[1]. Abdel – Magid A.H., Trlica M.J. and Hart R.H. (1987) Soil and Vegetation Response to Simulated Trampling. Journal of Range Management, 36: 303-306.
[2]. Aganga A.A. (2013) Animal Agriculture and Mankind. Maiden Edition of Public Lecture. Department of Animal Science and Production, Federal University, Oye – Ekiti. September, 2013.
[3]. Areola O. (1978): Soil and Vegetal Resources. In: Oguntoyinbo, J.S., Areola O.O. and Filani, M. (1978): A Geography of Nigeria Development. Heinemann (Nig.), Ibadan, Nigeria, pp 115-118.
[4]. Bayer W. and Waters-Bayer A. (1992) The Role of Livestock in Rural Economy; Commission on Nomadic Peoples http://www.nomadicpeoples.info. Internet Browsed March 11, 2015.
[5]. Beltran L.A. (2014) Transect Quadrat Sampling. http://prezzi.com>vf6>trans. Internet Browsed October, 2016.

Abstract: The study investigated the physicochemical parameters of River Romi, Kaduna State (10°18ꞌ to 10°30ꞌ N and 7°15ꞌ to 7°45ꞌ E). The aim of the study is to assess the effect of KRPC effluent on water quality of the river. The samples were obtained, before the point of discharge (Sample A), at the point of discharge (Sample B) and after the point of discharge (Sample C). Physicochemical parameters were analyzed and the results were compared with the permissible limit allowed by National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) and World Health Organization (WHO). The result reveals that pH value is within standard for the sample at discharge point but slightly below standard for the samples at upstream and downstream. The BOD, Turbidity, COD, and Phosphates.........

Keywords: KEPA, KRPC, NESREA, Physicochemical, Romi River, WHO

[1]. Ntengwe,F.W.(2005). Designing a Domestic Water Supply System. The Engineer"s Perspective and Considerations as a Challenge to Consumers. Physics Chem. Earth 30(11- 16), 850-858.
[2]. Asthana, D.K. and Asthana, W. (2001).Environmental Problems and Solutions, second revised edition. New Delhi: Chand and Company Limited.
[3]. Ayoade, J.O. (1988).Tropical Hydrology and Water Resources. London: Macmillan publisher"s ltd, pp 275
[4]. Vivan, E.L., Blammah V.N and Ezemokwe, I.L (2012).Socio-economic impact of the Kaduna Refinery and Petrochemical Company (KRPC) on the Rido Area of Kaduna Metropolis. Journal of environmental management and safety,3(5), 124-139.
[5]. WHO (2006). Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. First Addendum to the Third Edition Volume 1.Recommendations. Pp. 491-493.

Abstract: Allelopathic effects of Eucalyptus are widely reported and considered the major factor limiting the establishment of native species in eucalyptus forest. Allelopathy is used here to refer to the inhibitory and stimulatory effects of one plant species upon another by the compounds arising from the products of their metabolism. Improved germplasm of Eucalyptus developed through traditional breeding, tissue culture technique and other biotechnology researches are becoming an attractive alternative to other hardwood tree species for wood, pulp and paper, and bioenergy applications in many countries. In Eucalyptus plantations established for research and commercial end use, allelopathy has been raised as a concern for possible negative effects on crops grown in local areas, especially in agroforestry systems..........

Keywords: Allelopathy, Development, Eucalyptus saligna,Germination, Growth and Vigna unguiculata

[1]. M.E.D. Poore and C. Fries, The Ecological Effects of Eucalypts. FAO Paper No. 59 (FAO, Rome, 1985)
[2]. M. Kruse, M. Strandberg and B. Strandberg, Ecological Effects of Allelopathic Plants: A review. National Environmental Research Institute, Silkeborg, Denmark. NERI Technical Report, 315, 2000, 1-67.
[3]. C.J. Nelson, Allelopathy in cropping system. Agron. J, 88, 1996, 991-996.
[4]. M.J. Alexander, The long term effect of Eucalyptus plantations on tinmine soils and implications for reclamation. Landscape and Urban Planning, 17, 1989, 42-60
[5]. P.K. Kohli, P. Chaudhry and A. Kumari, Impact of Eucalyptus on Parthenium - a weed. Indian Journal of Range Management9, 1988, 63-67.

Abstract: Noise, temperature and light intensity are invisible indoor environmental trepidations that affect the quality of life and productivity of the industries. The study was carried out in twenty footwear and leather products industries to reveal the current indoor environmental scenarios in Bangladesh. The noise level, temperature and light intensity were measured by digital sound level meter, temperature meter and digital lux meter respectively. An experiment was done over 280 workers to identify the disturbing level and types of annoyance due to noise, temperature and light intensity. The results revealed that the level of noise in the all sample factories exceeds the rational limit (75 dB) and it was found that the average noise level in the workplaces ranged between 78.55 dB and 102.77...........

Keywords: Noise, Temperature, Light, Industry, Annoyance.

[1]. E. Atmaca, I. Peker, A. Altin; "Industrial Noise and Its Effects on Humans" Polish Journal of Environmental Studies Vol. 14, No 6 (2005), PP. 721-726.
[2]. Lighting, Wikipedia, http://en. Wikipedia.org/wiki/lighting, Assessed on 03.02.2015
[3]. Chapter 8: Lighting system., Bureau of energy efficiency pp153-163, beeindia.in/energy_managers_Auditors/documents/Guide…/3Ch8.pdf, Assessed on 04.02.2015
[4]. Lighting for office and industry, industrial hygiene, Safe Corporation, http.//www.saif.com/_files/safety health guides/SS-405.pdf. Assessed on 04.02.2005.
[5]. E. Somanathan, R. Somanathan, A. Sudarshan, M. Tewari; "The impact of temperature on productivity and labor supply: Evidence from Indian manufacturing" Discussion paper in Economics 14-10, November 2014

Abstract: Secchi-disc (1865) was introduced as method for measuring the Transparency of water. We introduce a new technique, Prakash- Dagaonkar column method, to isolate the limitation of human eye. There was a variation in the transparency measurement obtain by the traditional Secchi –disc method and new method.

Keywords: Transparency , Secchi-disc, Prakash- Dagaonkar column method

[1] R. W. Preisendorfer, "Secchi disk science: Visual optics of natural waters", Limnology & Oceanography, 31, 909-926, 1986.
[2] Suresh, T., Naik,P., Bandishte,M., Desai,E., Antonio, M. and Matondkar,P.( 2006). Secchi Depth Analysis Using Bio-Optical Parameters Measured.In Robert J. Frouin, Vijay K. Agarwal( Eds) TheArabian Sea Remote Sensing of the Marine Environment, (Hiroshi Kawamura, Shailesh Nayak, Delu Pa.)
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[4] Rajyalakshmi, T., Mohanty, A.N., Ravichandran, P. and Pillai, S.M. (1988). The soil and water characteristics of confined brackish water ponds of Chilka Lake fringe area. Proc. First Indian Fisheries Forum, Mangalore. 125-128.
[5] Sakhre, V.B. and Joshi, P.K. (2002). Ecology of Palas-Nilegaon Reservoir in Osmanabad District, Maharastra. J. Aquat. Biol. 18 (2): 17-22.

Abstract: Mining is one of the most hazardous of professions and gold mining is considered one of the worst environmental pollutants. Gold mining is often associated with positive economic benefits, however it may also have negative impacts on the environment and human health. Long duration of mining in KGF has been associated with dumping of mine tailings approximately 32 million tons of sand dumped into 15 dumplings over 8 Km in the mining areas of KGF. Mine wastes in the form of rock fragments and mill tailings have been stacked in huge piles and heaps in KGF, occupying about 15-20% of the lease area seen as mine tailings. Particulate matter concentration beyond the permissible limit at KGF has indicated influence of tailings on air pollution on the environment..............

Keywords: Air sample. Mine tailing, Particulate matter, Permissible limit Respirable dust.

[1]. Chandra R, Sathya V, Kumar A, Prusty, et al the Kolar gold mines, India: present status and prospects for phytomining : 2014 - sustainable industrial processing summit/shechtman international symposium. Conference Paper.2014; 1 :273-281.
[2]. Kneen. MA,Ojelede ME, A Nnegaran HJ. Housing and population sprawl near tailings storage facilities. South African Journal of Science 2015;3:1-9.
[3]. Roy S, Adhikari G.R. Seasonal variation in suspended particulate matter vis-a-vis meteorological para-meters at Kolar Gold Fields, India. Int. J. Environmental Engineering 2009; 4: 432-445.
[4]. Mukherjee AK, Bachattacharya SK, Sayied HN. Assessment of respirable dust and its free silica contents in different Indian coal mines. Industrial Health 2005; 43:277–284.
[5]. NIMH. Respirable dust & noise monitoring in Subbarayana halli iron ore mine: NIMH KGF.2016.57p. Report No.Pro0156/16.

Abstract: Removal of phenol using tamarind seed powder (TSP) through adsorption process from aqueous solution was studied. Batch process and adsorption isotherm were carried out under varying experimental conditions of contact time, initial phenol concentration, temperature, adsorbent dose, particle size and pH. A series of batch experiments were carried out for various concentrations of phenol (1.0-10.0ppm) in a rotary shaker at agitation speed of 120 rpm. The single system adsorption process showed that the time required to reach equilibrium condition is about one hour under different initial concentrations. The adsorption of phenol increases with the increase of pH up to pH 8.0 and then starts to decrease...........

Keywords: Adsorption, phenol, tamarind seed powder (TSP).

[1]. S. J. Kulkarni, R. W. Tapre, S. V Patil, and M. B. Sawarkar, Adsorption of Phenol from Wastewater in Fluidized Bed Using Coconut Shell Activated Carbon, Procedia Engineering, 51, 2013, 300–307.
[2]. A. Azizi, M. Abouseoud, and A. Amrane, Phenol removal by a sequential combined fenton-enzymatic process,Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, 16(1), 2017, 321–330.
[3]. L. G. C. Villegas, N. Mashhadi, M. Chen, D. Mukherjee, K. E. Taylor, and N. Biswas, A Short Review of Techniques for Phenol Removal from Wastewater, Curr. Pollution Reports, 2(3), 2016, 157–166.
[4]. E. S. Z. El-Ashtoukhy, Y. A. El-Taweel, O. Abdelwahab, and E. M. Nassef, Treatment of petrochemical wastewater containing phenolic compounds by electrocoagulation using a fixed bed electrochemical reactor,International journal of electrochemical science, 8(1), 2013, 1534–1550.
[5]. S. Lakshmi, M.Harshitha, G. Vaishali, S. R. Keerthana, and R. Muthappa, Studies on different methods for removal of phenol in waste water - Review,International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research, 5(7),2016, 2488–2496.

Abstract: The BioWatch Program is composed of a series of sensors placed in U.S. cities, laboratory response networks, law enforcement and intelligence agencies coordinated in an effort to mitigate a bioterrorist attack. Several pathogens listed on the Bioterrorist Agents/Diseases List from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are endemic. Several BioWatch Actionable Results (BAR) have occurred over the past 20 years although none of these has been attributed to a terrorist attack or criminal release; one of these occurred in the city of Saint Louis. The Bioagent Transport and Environmental Modeling System (BioTEMS) was used to evaluate potential sources and the direction from endemic sources in relation to BioWatch sensors and identify replication sites should bioterrorist agents be released. BioTEMS identified sites for replication of F. tularensis in the St. Louis area varying from 100 to 1,000 times. The BioTEMS output can provide information to assist public health officials in determining; 1) where to sample to identify endemic strains, 2) include risk of endemic detection in the BAR decision, 3) identifying high risk site for replication of bioterrorist agents.

Keywords: Fransicella tularensis, tularemia, biodefense, bioterrorism, emergency response, bioterrorist agent

[1] Shea DA, Lister SA (2003). The BioWatch Program: Detection of Bioterrorism. Congressional Research Service Report No. RL 32152. https://fas.org/sgp. [2] Rebmann T (2014). Infectious Disease Disasters: Bioterrorism, Emerging Infections, and Pandemics. School of Public Health-Institute for Biosecurity, St. Louis, MO. https://apic.org.
[3] DHS, The BioWatch Program. https://www.dhs.gov/biowatch-program.
[4] National Academies Science, Engineering Medicine (2011). Biowatch and Public Health Surveillance: Evaluating Systems for the Early Detection of Biological Threats: Abbreviated Version. Institute of Medicine (US) and National Research Council (US) Committee on Effectiveness of National Biosurveillance Systems: Biowatch and the Public Health System. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US).
[5] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). Bioterrorism Agents/Diseases. https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/agentlist.asp#t..

Abstract: This Study Was Aimed At Investigating The Suitability Of Two Fruits (Pineapple And Soursop) As Substrates For Wine Production And The Efficiency Of Yeast Isolated From Palm Wine For Alcoholic Fermentation Of Fruits. During Fermentation Aliquot Samples Were Removed Daily From The Fermentation Tank For Analysis Of Ph, Temperature, Alcohol Content And Reducing Sugars, Using Standard Procedures. Ph Of The Fruit "Must" During The Period Of Fermentation Ranged From 4.91 To 4.25. During The Fermentation Period, Consistent Increase In Alcohol Content Was Observed With Time. At The End Of 7days Fermentation, The Concentration Of Alcohol In The Fruit Wine Was Observed To Be 4.6%.The Reducing Sugar Content Of The Wine Was Observed To Be 0.2632. During The Course Of The Fermentation, The Titrable Acidity Of The Wine Was Observed To Show A Steady Trend With Time. Based On The Level Of The Nutritional Composition Of Pineapple And Soursop Juice, Their Relative Affordability, Their Ability To Support Yeast Growth, The High Alcoholic Content And Palatability Of The Wine Produced, This Study Showed That Acceptable Wine Can Be Produced From Mixed Fruits Of Pineapple (Ananas Comosus) And Soursop (Annona Muricata)..

Keywords: Wine, Yeast, Fruits, Fermentation, Alcoholic Beverages.

[1] Garrison, E. C., (1993). Making Simple Fermented Beverages [online]. Available from: http://www.homebrew.net/ferment/
[2] Klein, D.W., Lansing, M. and Harley, J., (2005). Microbiology. New York: McGraw Hill [online]. Available from: www.bdu.ac.in/syllabi/affcol/pg/mb8.pdf
[3] Robinson, J., (2006). The Oxford Companion to Wine. 3rd Ed. Oxford University Press. pp. 268-780.
[4] Kunze, W., (2004). Technology Brewing and Malting. VLB Berlin, Germany [online]. Available from: http://en.wipidia.org/wiki/special.
[5] FAO, (2002). Tropical foods commodity notes, Statistical Database [online]. Available from: http://www.fao.org/statisticedatabas.

Abstract: Fuel wood is the predominant energy source for cooking in rural households of Abogeta division in Meru County. Previously most wood was sourced from Mt. Kenya forest reserve. However, since enactment of a legislation prohibiting cutting of trees in the national forest reserves in the year 2005 by Government of Kenya, there has been a serious shortage of wood fuel in Abogeta hence need for an alternative energy source. Biogas technology can greatly impact peoples‟ livelihoods particularly in rural areas through creation of local jobs, improving agricultural production, financial diversification and provision of cheap reliable energy and reduce pressure on forests. To determine factors influencing adoption of biogas technology in Abogeta division, 230 dairy farming households were sampled. Biogas adopters were purposively selected from 68 households that had already installed the systems while 163.........

Keywords: Renewable Energy Technologies, Sustainable Livelihoods

[1] Abukhzam, M., and Lee, A. (2010). Workforce Attitude on Technology Adoption and Diffusion. The Built and Human Environment Review. Vol. 3: 60 -71.
[2] Arthur, R., Baidoo, M.F., Antwi, E. (2011). Biogas as a potential renewable energy source: A Ghanaian case study. Renewable Energy, 36:1510–6.
[3] Bajgain, S., Shakya, I. (2005) The Nepal biogas support programme: A successful model of public private partnership for rural household energy supply. Kathmandu, Nepal: Ministry of Foreign Affairs (The Netherlands), SNV and Biogas Sector Partnership-Nepal.
[4] Bensah, E., Brew-Hammond, A. (2011) Biogas technology dissemination in Ghana: history, current status, future prospects, and policy significance. Int J Energy Environ,1(2),277-94.
[5] Biswas W. K.,Lucas D. J. N., 1996. Economic Viability of Biogas Technology in a Bangladesh Village. Energy 22, 763-770..

Abstract: In this article an attempt has been made to find some important features of starter cultures on the fat content dynamics in the dairy product "white brined cheese" at a dairy industry laboratory in republic of macedonia. The data samples were collected from a private dairy during the year 2015-2017from the above mentioned and the three samples were three different starter cultures of three white brined cheese variants (a, b, c). Here we tried to find some direct effects on the fat content dynamics for such samples. The whole experimental works have been done for all above three different starter cultures and also were analyzed over the fat content during the process of ripening of the white brined cheese. These results were compared with the simulated data of artificial neural networking (ann) model. The obtained results were found in good agreement with simulated data.

Keywords: fat content dynamics, artificial neural networking (ann) model, white brined cheese.

[1]. R. Aleandri, j. C. Schneider and l.g. Buttazzoni, evaluation of milk for cheese production based on milk characteristics and formagraph measures, journal of dairy science, 72, 1989, 1967-1975.
[2]. C. Lopez, focus on the supramolecular structure of milk fat in dairy products, reprod. Nutr. Dev. 45, 2005, 497–511. Doi: 10.1051/rnd:2005034
[3]. P. Insel, r. E. Turner, and d. Ross, nutrition. Second ed.. American dietetic association (jones & bartlett, u.s.a. , 2004).
[4]. R. G. Jensen, b. Blanc, s. B. Patton, particulate constituents in human and bovine milk. In: jensan r.g. (ed.) ), handbook of milk fat composition, (academic press, new-york, 50-62, 1995).
[5]. V. K. Hristova, j. Tomovska, g. Bonev, d. Stanimir, g. Dimitrovska, s. Presilski, m. A. Ahmad, interrelationship between the milk urea nitrogen level and milk coagulation traits in holstein-friesian cows with reproductive disorders in r. Macedonia, int. Journal of e. R. In science tech. And engg. (ijerste), vol. 3(4), 2014, 199-207..

Abstract: The Artificial Insemination Technology Is Widely Used In Swine(S.Domesticus) Breeding Herds As A Method Of Genetic Improvement Of Sows. There Are Currently Three Main Methods Of Inseminating Sows – Cervical, Post-Cervical And Deep Uterine Method. The Gedis® Catheter Is A Modification To The Traditional Catheter. The Aim Of This Study Was To Evaluate The Efficiency Of The Gedis® Catheter On The Reproductive Parameters Of Sows And Gilts, Depending On The Month Of Breeding, Parity And Weaning-To-Oestrus Interval. For This Study 565 Nrs. Gilts And 1714 Nrs. Multiparous Sows Were Inseminated During Timeframe Of 12 Months. Conception Rate, Farrowing Rate And Litter Size Parameters Were Evaluated. Overall Results Showed 90.60%-92.28% Conception..........

Keywords: Conception Rate, Gedis®, Farrowing Rate, Litter Size,Sows.

[1]. A.B. Belstra, Review: Intrauterine (Transcervical) And Fixed-Time Artificial Insemination In Swine,Annual Swine Report, (North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 2002).
[2]. G.D. Levis, S. Burroughs And S. Williams, Use Of Intra-Uterine Insemination Of Pigs: Pros, Cons And Economics. Proc. Of The American Association Of Swine Veterinarians, Kansas City, USA, 2002, 39–62.
[3]. M. Michalak,GEDIS® AI Technology Vs. Conventional AI, Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, 2004,40-44.
[4]. M. Michalak,GEDIS®Aicatheterimpactonreproductiveperformanceandlaborsaving,Am Association Swine Vet, 2005, 121-124

[5]. G.F.N. Silva, Efeito Do Metodo De Inseminacao Artificial No Desempenhoreprodutivo De Porcas, Dissertacao De Mestrado, Universidade Tecnica De Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal, 2008.

Abstract: The disposal of e-waste in Kenya remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to evaluate current e-waste management policies strategies and practices and provides recommendations that may be used to improve the management of the e-wastes in Kenya. This study was conducted in Nairobi city the national capital of Kenya and a regional commercial hub in eastern Africa. The study employed literature review; including institutional record. Key informants interviews and observations. The respondents were drawn from the major potential e-waste generators in the city including: computer and mobile phone importers and assemblers, end users: institutions, formal e-waste recyclers and key ICT and e-waste management institutions including cck and NEMA. The results showed that only a fraction of electronic waste (10%) finds its way to recycling facilities and there is no efficient take back scheme...........

Keywords: E-Waste, Management, Institutions, Policy, Strategies, Regulations, Recycling

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