IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-12 ~ Issue-3 ~ March 2018

Abstract: The unintended discharge of hydrocarbons into the environment can negatively have impact on characteristics of soils, human and animal health. Biostimulation of hydrocarbon contaminated soil using organic stimulants are usually based on trial and error method rather than the concentration of the contaminants (digital approach) and most studies in this area were not geared towards development of process parameters that could lead to the development of realistic large scale treatment technology. In view of the aforementioned, a study was conducted on the biostimulation of soil contaminated with spent motor oil using blends of cow dung and poultry litter employing Box-Behnken design of experiment. The oil and grease content (O&G) was used to assess the extent of bioremediation...........

Keywords: Biodegradation, bioremediation, Land farming, microcosm, spent motor oil, cow dung and poultry litter

[1] Samuel, E.A. Application of Carbon-Nitrogen Supplementation from Plant and Animal Sources in In-situ Soil Bioremediation of
Diesel Oil: Experimental Analysis and Kinetic Modeling. Journal of Environment and Earth Science, 3 (7), 2013, 51-61, ISSN 2224-3216.
[2] Agamuthu, P. and Dadrasnia, A. Potential of Biowastes to Remediate Diesel Fuel Contaminated Soil", Global Nest Journal, 15(4),
2013, 474-484.
[3] Ibrahim, M. A. Al-Maghrabi, A. O. Bin Aqil Islam, M. R. Chaalal, O. Use of Thermophilic Bacteria for Bioremediation of Petroleum Contaminants, Energy Sources 2(1), 1999:1-2, 17-29, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00908319950014920.
[4] Abdulsalam, S. Sulaiman, A.D.I. Musa, N.M. and Yusuf, M. Bioremediation of Hydrocarbon and some Heavy Metals polluted
Waste Water effluent of a Typical refinery", World Academy of Science, engineering and Technology International Journal, 10 (2), 2016, 245-249

Abstract: Red tilapia surimi gels (directly heated and kamaboko gels) containing 0.4-2.0% (w/w) chitosan and 0.05-1.0% (w/w) sodium tripolyphosphate were evaluated for textural characteristics and colour. Irrespective of setting temperature, 1.2% chitosan added gels exhibited highest gumminess and hardness whereas 0.4% addition resulted into more elastic gels in both type and highest whiteness in kamaboko gel. In both gels, TPP addition up to 0.1% resulted into harder gels whereas springiness was slightly increased in kamaboko gels but no affect was observed in directly heated gels. In kamaboko gels, highest cohesiveness was obtained in gels with 1% TPP. In kamaboko gel, Highest L value was observed in kamaboko gels containing 0.1% TPP addition (p<0.05). Addition of 0.4% chitosan improved gel colour. In contrast, in directly heated gels, the addition of TPP either decrease or did not exhibit any effect...........

Key words: red tilapia, mince gel, textural properties, colour, chitosan, TPP

[1] Benjakul, S., Chantarasuwan, C. and Visessanguan, W. 2003. Effect of medium temperature setting on gelling characteristics of surimi from some tropical fish. Food Chemistry 82: 567–574.
[2] Gao, J.C., Pigott, G.M. and Reine, B. 1999. Gel Forming Additive Effects on Properties of Thermally Induced Minced Fish Gel. Journal of Food Science 64(3): 414-417.
[3] Kataoka, J., Ishizaki, S., and Tanaka, M. 1998. Effects of chitosan on gelling properties of low quality surimi. Journal of Muscle Foods 9(3): 209–220.
[4] Kamil, J. Y. V. A., Jeon, Y. J., and Shahidi, F. 2002. Antioxidative activity of chitosan of different viscosity in cooked comminuted flesh of herring (Clupea harengus). Food Chemistry 79(1): 69-77.

[5] Shahidi, F., Kamil, J., Jeon, Y. J., and Kim, S. K. 2002. Antioxidant role of chitosan in a cooked cod (Gadus morhua) model system. Journal of Food Lipids 9(1): 57-64

Abstract: Triclosan is an important broad spectrum antimicrobial agent which has been incorporated into a variety of personal care products, because of its favourable safety profile. Triclosan is relatively stable and occurs in low concentrations thereby making it difficult to remove or degrade in the natural aquatic environment. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) have proved to be effective in degradation of triclosan. In this study, a heterogeneous advanced oxidation process (AOP) using TiO2/UV was compared with homogeneous AOP using O3/UV for the removal of triclosan from wastewater. The performance was evaluated in terms of efficiency of removal of triclosan by both the processes. The effect of pH, oxidant dosage and contact time were also considered and favourable reaction conditions were found. Homogeneous AOP (O3/UV) was found to have higher triclosan removal efficiency (>90%) under optimum reaction conditions. It was found that TiO2/UV process required more oxidant dosage and reaction time than the O3/UV process to ensure significant triclosan removal efficiency. However, prolonged irradiation using heterogeneous AOP (TiO2/UV) ensured complete removal of triclosan. Even so, selection of a particular treatment option depends on various factors such as the type of wastewater and potential reuse application of treated wastewater..

Keywords: AOP, O3/UV, TiO2/UV, Triclosan, Wastewater

[1]. J. Cha., M. Cupples. Detection of the antimicrobials triclocarban and triclosan in agricultural soils following land application of municipal biosolids. Water Research, 43, 2009, 2522-2530.

[2]. R. Xu, Y. Si, X. Wu, F. Li, B. Zhang. Triclosan removal by laccase immobilized on mesoporous nanofibers: Strong adsorption and efficient degradation. Chemical Engineering Journal, 25, 2014, 63-70.
[3]. S. E. Anderson, J. Franko, M. L. Kashon, K. L. Anderson, A. F. Hubbs, E. Lukomska, B. J. Meade. Exposure to Triclosan Augments the Allergic Response to Ovalbumin in a Mouse Model of Asthma. Toxicol. Sci., 132 (1), 2013, 96-106.

[4]. J. Ashley-Martin, L. Dodds, T. E. Arbuckle, J. Marshall. Prenatal triclosan exposure and cord blood immune system biomarkers. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 219(4-5), 2016, 454-457.

[5]. T. Pollock, L. J. Greville, B. Tang, D. deCatanzaro. Triclosan elevates estradiol levels in serum and tissues of cycling and peri-implantation female mice. Reproductive Toxicology, 65, 2016, 394-401.

Abstract: This study determined new contents in automobile fueling and air conditioning system for inclusion in the minimum standards for Nigeria certificate in education in automobile technology. The study adopted cross sectional survey design in which data was collected with a 38 items questionnaire from population of 602 respondents comprising of automobile industrial supervisors and automobile technology lecturers in the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria. The questionnaire was validated, pilot tested in Kogi State and reliability coefficient found to be 0.83 using Cronbach Alpha reliability statistics. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while the t-test statistics was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance.............

Keywords: Automobile, fueling system, air conditioning system, Nigeria certificate in education.

[1] Bruzek, J. (2008). What are the different types of fuel injection? Retrieved 28th May, 2015 from http://ask.cars.com
[2] Federal Republic of Nigeria (FRN) (2013). National policy on education (6th edition). Lagos: Nigerian Educational Research and Development Council (NERDC) Press.
[3] Gartman, D. (2004). Three Ages of Automobile.Theory, Culture and Society. Xploration in Critical Social Science, 21(4), 169-196.
[4] George, E, P. (2015). Top 10 Improvements in Engine Design. Retrieved on 2nd June, 2015 from http://auto.howstuffworks.com
[5] Gupta, I., Kandari, S., Rajput, A., Asif, M., & Singh, A. (2013). Multipoint Fuel Injection System. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, 2(11), 642-647.

Abstract: The average concentration of heavy metals namely; Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn in edible vegetables and soil in Bekwara Urban Area of Cross River State were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). The Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) was also calculated based on the concentration of the metals in the vegetables to assess the possible health risk associated with the consumption of the vegetables. The eight vegetables considered together with the soil samples where they were planted include: Amarathus spp., Corchorus olitorius, Murrayakoenigii, Ocimiumgrattissimum,Solanummelongena, Talinumtriangulare, Telfairaoccidentalis and Vernoniaamygdalina............

Keywords: Health risk, Evaluation, Heavy metals, Consumption, Contaminated veget

[1]. Akan, J. C., Abdulahaman, F. I. Sodipo, O. A. & Lange, A. G.(2010). Physiochemical parameters in the soil and vegetable samples from Gongulon agricultural sites Maiduguri Borno State, Nigeria.Journal of American science (12): 78-88
[2]. Chandorka, S. &Deota, P. (2013). Heavy metals content of foods and health risk assessment in the study population of Vadodara. Current world environment 8(2). Available from http://www.civejournal.org/?p=4762
[3]. Chlopecka, A., Bacon, J. R., Wilson, M. J. and Kay, J. (1996). Forms of Cadmium, lead and zinc in contaminated soils in south-west Poland. Journal of Environmental Quality.25:69-79
[4]. Dmello,J.P.F.(2003). Food safety contaminants and toxins. Walling Food, Oxon, U.K., Cambridge M.A, (AB) Publishing.
[5]. Free Library (2014). Mineralogy and geochemical properties of some upland soils from different sedimentary formations in south-eastern Nigeria.www.thefreelibrary.com (accessed July, 2015).

Abstract: This study set out to examine the effects of animal husbandry on soil physical properties (bulk density and percentage soil porosity) in Zango Kataf Local Government Area of Kaduna state. The study was based on the assumptions that animal husbandry has no significant impacts on soil physical properties of the study area. The purposive random sampling was used in collecting data from the selected sites in the four chiefdoms. The bulk density cores were used in collecting soils samples. A one – way multifactor analysis of variance (ANOVA) approach was used to analyze data. Analysis of results was done using the descriptive and inferential statistics using the Social Sciences...........

Keywords: Soil, Bulk Density, Soil Porosity, Grazed areas, Un-grazed areas, Density cores

[1]. Abdel – Magid A.H., Trlica M.J. and Hart R.H. (1987) Soil and Vegetation Response to Simulated Trampling. Journal of Range Management, 36: 303-306.
[2]. Aganga A.A. (2013) Animal Agriculture and Mankind. Maiden Edition of Public Lecture. Department of Animal Science and Production, Federal University, Oye – Ekiti. September, 2013.
[3]. Belsky J.; Matske A; nd Uselman s (2002) What the River Once Was; Livestock Destruction of Western Waters and Wetlands. Pp179-182 in Wuerthner G. and Matteson M. (Editors). Welfare Ranching. The Subsidized Destruction of the American West. Island press, Washington, D.C.
[4]. Blake G.R. (1965) Bulk Density in: Methods of Soil Analysis, (Agronomy, No. 9 Part 1), C.A. Black, ed. Pp 374 – 390.
[5]. Briske D.D., Brown J.R., Fuhlendorf S.D., Teague W.R., Havstad K.M., Gillen R.L., Ash A.J., and Williams W.D. (2008) Rotational Grazing on Rangelands: Reconciliation of Perception and Experimental Evidence. Rangeland Ecology Management. 61. Pp3 – 17.

Abstract: Nigeria's forest reserves are in the phase of permanent flux at varying scale by force such as overgrazing, fuelwood extraction and expanding farmlands for agriculture etc. Information on tree species abundance in the forest reserve is required for not only effective but also efficient management. This study aimed to assesses the floristic composition of woody tree species in the Kwari-Kwasa forest reserve of Kebbi state, Nigeria; in order, for sustainable forest management and livelihood options in the area, employ the use of Point Centre Quarter (PCQ) method, a plots of 30m x 30m and it was replicated three times. Eighteen (18) woody tree species were identified in the reserve, While species Combretumnigricans and Guierasenegalensis dominates the reserve, accounting..........

Keywords: Forest Degradation;Point Centre Quarter (PCQ) method; Kwari-Kwasa' woody trees; dominance and Kebbi state

[1]. Bello, A. G., A. D. Isah and B. Ahmad 2010.Tree Species Diversity Analysis of Kogo Forest Reserve in North-Western Nigeria.
Centre for Research and Development (CERAD) 2009. Forest management plan for Kwari-Kwasa forest reserve.(Unpublished) 52pp.
[2]. Coppin, P., Jonckheere, I., Nackaerts, K., Muys, B., & Lambin, E. (2004). Review ArticleDigital change detection methods in ecosystem monitoring: a review. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 25(9), 1565–1596.http://doi.org/10.1080/0143116031000101675
[3]. Coppin, P. and Bauer, M. E. (1996), Digital change detection in forest ecosystems with remote sensing imagery, Remote Sensing Reviews, 13(3) 207-234Daniel, J., H. Steven and A. Sader.2001. Comparison of Change Detection Techniques for Monitoring Tropical Forest Clearing and Vegetation Regrowth in a Time Series, Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 67(9) 1067-1075.
[4]. Eniolorunda, N. B. 2010b: An analysis of the degradation of GiginyaGreenbelt, Sokoto metropolis, using Landsat data. Beyero Journal of social and management sciences, vol.13 (2): 139-150.Fatubarin, A. 1997. The vegetation of Oro forest Reserve: Floristic composition. Journal of tropicalforestresources 1(10) 4-12
[5]. Forest Resources Monitoring, Evaluation and Co-ordinating Unit (FORMECU). 1996. Statistics of Forest Reserves in Nigeria. Pp135..

Abstract: River or lagoon beds which are ideal habitat for several species of organisms usually serve as a sink for both domestic and industrial wastes from anthropogenic activities. Dumping of such wastes could alter the ecological states of these ecosystems. Hence baseline studies are required to determine the status of sediments and quality to give complementary data on the physicochemical characteristics of the habitats. The present study aims to implement master variables, best characterising the sediment stability. Certain chemical characteristics of sediments of river ganga at Vaishali district were evaluated during the year 2016-17 in different stations. Organic carbon was slightly varying from one station to another station. Available nitrogen was lower in pre monsoon. The analysis..........

Keywords: Physico chemical parameters, sediments, aquatic environment, contaminants.

[1]. Anila Kumari. K.S., Abdul Azis. P.K., Natarajan. P., (2007), Water quality of the Adimalathura estuary, Southwest coast of India. Journal of the marine biological association of India, 49(1), pp 1-6.
[2]. Bragadeeswaran.S., Rajasegar M., Srinivasan .M.,& Kanaga Rajan., (2007), Sediment texture and nutrients of Arasalar estuary,Karaikkal South-east coast of India. Journal of environmental biology, 28(2), pp 237-240.
[3]. Ashok Prabu. V., RajKumar. M., and Perumal. P., (2008), Seasonal variations in physicchemical parameters in Uppanar estuary, Cuddalore (Southeast coast of India. Journal of the marine biological association of India, 50(2), pp 161-165.
[4]. Chanda M. Nasnolkar P.V.,Shirodkar&Singbal Y.S., (1996), Studies on organic carbon,nitrogen and phosphprius in the sediments of Mandovi estuary, Goa Indian Journal of marine sciences, 25, pp 120-124.
[5]. Muduli Bipra Prasanna., Panda Chitta Rajan., (2010), Physico chemical properties of water collected from Dhamra estuary, International journal of environmental sciences, 1(3), pp 334- 342..

Abstract: Climatic variability and change in the North-eastern Nigeria was evaluated using mean monthly temperature and rainfall data collected from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency for the period 1971 – 2010. The dataset was aggregated to obtain average yearly values and Mann Kendall test was used to assess the trend. The study revealed that the temperature at monthly scale for the months of March, April, May and December showed a significant positive trend at between 0.01 - 0.05 significance level, whereas temperatures in the remaining months showed no significant trend. More so, rainfall showed a significant positive trend between 0.1 - 0.5 level of significance for the months of June September and October while no significant trend in rainfall for the remaining months. It further indicated that increase in annual temperature of +0.76 °C from 1971 to 2010 has been recorded in the entire semiarid zone of North-eastern Nigeria, whereas annual rainfall has not exhibited any trend. The significant trends observed in temperature and rainfall seem to be consistent between the different data sources. The study showed a clear evidence of climate change in the study area. Hence suggest the need for adaptation in response to climate change.

Keywords: Climate change, Man-Kendal test, North-eastern Nigeria, Trend Analysis

[1]. Christensen, J. H., T. R. Carter, M. Rummukainen, and G. Amanatidis, "Evaluating the performance and utility of regional climate models: the PRUDENCE project," Clim. Change, vol. 81, no. S1, pp. 1–6, Mar. 2007.
[2]. IPCC, "Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Contribution of the Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change," Geneva, Switzerland, 2007.
[3]. S. K. and A. A. Apata T.G, "Analysis of Climate Change Perception and Adaptation among Arable Food Crop Farmers in South Western Nigeria," in International Association of Agricultural Economists‟ 2009 Conference, 2009, pp. 1–15.
[4]. Ibrahim, K and B. M. Mohammed, "Rising Temperature: Evidence of Global Warming in Northern Nigeria," J. Environ. Earth Sci., vol. 5, no. 22, pp. 50–55, 2015.
[5]. Malhi, Y. and J. Wright, "Spatial patterns and recent trends in the climate of tropical rainforest regions.," Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci., vol. 359, no. 1443, pp. 311–29, Mar. 2004.
[6]. Kruger, A.C, and S. Shongwe, "Temperature trends in South Africa: 1960-2003," Int. J. Climatol., vol. 24, no. 15, pp. 1929–1945, Dec. 2004.

Abstract: The consequence of precipitation and how environmental factors influence soil respiration remain poorly understood in the tropical forest ecosystems under a monsoon climate in Malaysia. This study was conducted in a recovering tropical lowland Dipterocarpus forest in Peninsular Malaysia, and its monthly variations were examined in association with changing precipitation. Soil respiration was measured using a continuous open flow chamber system connected to a multi gas-handling unit and an infrared gas analyser. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the monsoon period and microclimate of the tropical region on soil respiration. The average monthly soil respiration rates were 152.79 to 528.67, 120.97 to 500.73, 106.77 to 472.89, 122.89 to 453.89 and 120.33 to 434.89 mg m-2 h-1 in the respective months from September to January. The emission rate varied across the days and months, with the highest value recorded between September and October, and then gradually decreasing.........

Keywords: Bulk density- Environmental factors- Forest biomass- Precipitation - Soil organic carbon- Soil respiration.

[1]. Valentini R., Matteucci G., Dolman A. J., Schulze E. D., Rebmann C., Moors E. J., Granier A., Gross P., Jensen N.O., Pilegaard K., Lindroth A., Grelle A., Bernhofer C., Grünwald T., Aubinet M.,Ceulemans R., Kowalski A.,S., and Vesala T. (2000) Respiration as the main determinant of European Forest Carbon Balance. Nature 404:861-865
[2]. Griffis T. J., Black T.A., and Gaumont-Guay D. (2004) Seasonal variation and partitioning of ecosystem respiration in a southern boreal aspen forest. Agric. For. Meteorol 125: 207 – 223.
[3]. Cox P.M., Betts R.A., Jones C.D., Spall S.A., and Totterdell I.J. (2000) Acceleration of global warming due to carbon-cycle feedbacks in a coupled model. Nature 408 :184 – 187.
[4]. Rastogi M., Singh S., and Pathak H. (2002) Emission of carbon dioxide from soil. Current Science 82: 510-517.
[5]. Ball B.C., Scott, A., and Parker J.P. (1999) Field N2O, CO2 and CH4 fluxes in relation to tillage, compaction and soil quality in Scotland. Soil and Tillage Research 53: 29-39..

Abstract: An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of organic (poultry droppings, cow dung, urea, and mustered oil cake) and inorganic (TMLR) nutrients on the production of freshwater phytoplankton in transparent plastic bottles under the intensive condition. The abundance of phytoplankton varied from 0.3×105 to 7.24×105 individual per milliliter. Nine genus of phytoplankton were identified, but there were unidentified genus too. Among the organic and inorganic nutrient medium, in the TMLR there was found 7.24±0.56×105 individual per milliliter to be the most suitable for phytoplankton culture in term of total production. Nine genus of phytoplankton were identified as Peranema, Volvox, Spirogyra, Hormodium, Schizothrix, Nostoc, Peranema, Synedra, and Spirulina. In the TMLR treatment, Spirulina was 0.937±0.407×105 per milliliter that is more than other groups; it was greener than other treatments. Isolated Spirulina platensis was cultured in TMLR media with different doses: 1.4, 2.8, and 5.6 gm/L. In the 5.6 gm/L TMLR nutrient, the highest cell number was 9.26 ±0.42×105 per milliliter

Keywords: Mass, Culture, Phytoplankton, Algae, Spirulina platensis, TMLR, nutrient

[1]. Battish SK. Freshwater zooplanktons of India. Oxford and IBH publishing co. Ltd., New Delhi. 1992.
[2]. Reynolds CS. What factors influence the species composition of phytoplankton in lakes of different trophic status? Hydrobiol. 1998; 369/370: 11-26.
[3]. James PM, Fox JM. Hatchery techniques for Penaeid shrimp utilized by Texas A&M-NMFS Galveston Laboratory. Crustacean Aquaculture. 1983; 1: 129-154.
[4]. Lim LC. An overview of live feeds Production systems in Singapoor. 2003. In: Fulks W, Main KL (eds.) Rotifer and Microalgae culture systems. Proceedings of a U.S.Asia workshop. The Oceanic Institute, Honolulu, 187-201. 28-31 January 1991.
[5]. Ukeles R. American experience in the mass culture of microalgae for feeding larvae of the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica. 1976. In: Shelef G, Soeder CJ (eds.) Algae Biomass. Elsevier / North- Holland BiomediEal Press, New York, 287-306..