IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-14 ~ Issue-12 ~ December 2020

Abstract: Background: According to WHO, there are 1 to 5 million cases of pesticide poisoning worldwide.World Bank estimates355,000 deaths each year due to accidental poisoningofpesticide exposure. Gintungan is one of the biggest vegetable producer area at Bandungan District, Semarang Regency and the farmers exposed to pesticidesas a result of mixing and spraying pesticides.The results of measuring blood cholinesterase activities during the preliminary study showed that three respondents had abnormal blood cholinesterase activities. Materials and Methods: This research was conducted on vegetables farmers using quantitative research methods of analytic observational research.....

Keywords: pesticide exposure; blood cholinesterase activities; femalevegetable farmer; Gintungan Village

[1]. Litchfield MH. Estimates of acute pesticide poisoning in agricultural workers in less developed countries. Toxicological Reviews. 2005; 24: 271–278.
[2]. Samosir K, Setiani O, Nurjazuli. HubunganPajananPestisidadenganGangguanKeseimbanganTubuhPetaniHortikultura di KecamatanNgablakKabupatenMagelang. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia. 2017; 16: 63–69.
[3]. The World Bank. World Development Report 2008: Agriculture for Development. Washington DC. 2008.
[4]. Leyk S, Binder CR, Nuckols JR. Spatial modeling of personalized exposure dynamics: The case of pesticide use in small-scale agricultural production landscapes of the developing world. International Journal of Health Geographics. 2009; 8.
[5]. Thundiyil J, Stober J, Besbelli N, Pronczuk J. Acute pesticide poisoning: a proposed classification tool. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2008; 86: 205–209

Abstract: Background: Over exploration of water resources with increasing population may causes scarcity and contamination of resources. Base line status of present growing rural to sub urban area is due to increasing of usage of ground water. Materials and Methods: Study focused on status of water quality in eight sampling locations collected in and around the mandals of Kotturu and Hiramdalam. Water quality parameters i.e., pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity and total dissolved solids, total hardness, total alkalinity, sulphate, chloride, dissolved oxygen and fluoride were analysed by using standard operating procedures.....

Key Word: assessment, contamination and water quality

[1]. Ajayi, A Q &Adejumo, T O., (2011); Microbial \ assessment and some physico- chemical properties of water sources in Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria, Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences, 3(13), pp 342-346.
[2]. Govindarajan, M., and T. Senthilnathan, (2014); Ground water quality and its health impact analysis in an industrial area, Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci, 3(7) 1028-1034.
[3]. UNEP (2001), State of water sanitation and health programme Nepal United Nation Environment Programme (UNEP).
[4]. Rajanna A.H, Shyamala D.C, Belagali S.L, (2012); Bacteriological analysis of water and soil samples around Nanjangud industrial area, Mysore district, Karnataka, India, International Journal of Environmental Sciences, Volume 3, No 1; pp; 572-582.
[5]. Arvind Kumar, Deepak Rathi and Rekha Dixit, (2014); Physiochemical Analysis of Heavy Metals in Soil and Ground Water of Industrial Area Partapur, Meerut (U.P), Int. J. Bioassays, 3 (08), 3256-3259.

Abstract: The concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Heavy Metals and the effect of traffic density and heat on their concentrations in Bitter leaf and Pumpkin leaf cultivated along road sides in Port Harcourt, Nigeria were evaluated using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). It was discovered that the higher traffic density routes around Port Harcourt showed higher levels of heavy metals and PAHs pollution when compared with the low traffic density routes. Fresh Bitter leaf samples collected from Eagle Island, Eleme-Okrika, Pabod road (Oginigba), Eneka-Igwuruta and Igwuruta-Omagwa roads showed the concentration of PAHs as 0.023mg/kg,......

Key Word: Heavy Metals, Vegetables, Fresh, Boiled, Pumpkin, Bitter leaf, Traffic Density

[1]. Adedokun, A. H., Njoku, K. L., Akinola, M. O., Adesuyi, A. A., and, Jolaoso, A. O(2017). Heavy Metal Content And The Potential Health Risk Assessment Of Some Leafy Vegetables Cultivated In Some Floodplains And Farmlands In Lagos, Nigeria. Journal of Science & Technology, 3(1), 30-47.
[2]. Adegoke, J.A., Owoyokun, T.O., Amore, I. O.,(2009). Open Land Dumping: An Analysis of Heavy Metals Concentration of an Old Lead-Battery Dumpsite. The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology.10(2), 126.
[3]. Association of Official Analytical Chemists(AOAC) (2019). Official Methods Of Analysis. AOAC International. 3(1),133. 21st Edition
[4]. Abdel-Sharfy, H. I.(2016). A review on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Source, environmental impact, effect on human health and remediation. Egyptian Journal of Petroleum 1(25), 107-123.
[5]. Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry (ATSDR).(2004).Toxicological Profile for Copper (2004)..

Abstract: Algae are a large and diverse group of organisms that carry out photosynthesis by capturing energy from sunlight. Algae plays an important role in agriculture where they are used as biofertilizers and soil stabilisers. Algae can be grown in arid and semi-arid regions with minimum fresh water demand. With problems such as desertification of soil around the world(especially in agricultural regions) and climate change becoming very prominent, algae can be used for soil regeneration to efficiently combat these critical problems.

[1]. Vidyasagar, Aparna. "What Are Algae?" Live Science, 4 June 2016, www.livescience.com/54979-what-are-algae.html.
[2]. "Desertification." Green Facts, www.greenfacts.org/en/desertification/l-2/1-define-desertification.htm. Accessed 28 Sept. 2020.
[3]. Ball, Jeff. "Back to Basics: The Roles of N, P, K and Their Sources." Noble Research Institute, 3 Jan. 2007, www.noble.org/news/publications/ag-news-and-views/2007/january/back-to-basics-the-roles-of-n-p-k-and-their-sources/.
[4]. Priya, Madhu, et al. "Microalgae in Removal of Heavy Metal and Organic Pollutants from Soil." Microbial Biodegradation and Bioremediation, Elsevier, 11 July 2014, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128000212000236.
[5]. "Soil Crust." Soil Crust - an Overview | ScienceDirect Topics, www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/soil-crust

Abstract: The truth is that tigers have had to survive in captivity because of hunting, poaching, the loss of their habitat and other anthropogenic threats. Captivity has been the only way to preserve the species. It is common that captive tigers develop abnormal behaviours because of the limited space where they live and the continuous contact with humans. A study of different behavioural aspects of Royal Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) housed in zoo was carried out over a period of one year only during their routine husbandry practices and visit hours and no experiments were conducted. This study uses scan sampling and instantaneous recording to collect data on the behaviour of tigers housed in different social groups. The behaviours of selected individual or a group were also recorded.....

Key Word: Tiger, captive, behaviours, space, stereotype, zoo

[1]. Ballantyne, R., Packer, J., Hughes, K., & Dierking, L. 2007. Conservation learning in wildlife tourism settings: Lessons from research in zoos and aquariums. Environmental Education Research 13(3), 367-383.
[2]. Patrick, P. G., Matthews, C. E., Ayers, D. F., & Tunnicliffe, S. D. 2007. "Conservation and education: Prominent themes in zoo mission statements." The Journal of Environmental Education 38(3), 53-60.
[3]. Bayma, T. 2012. "Rational myth making and environment shaping: The transformation of the zoo." The Sociological Quarterly 53(1), 116-141.
[4]. Roe, K., McConney, A., & Mansfield, C. F. 2014. The role of zoos in modern society. A comparison of zoos' reported priorities and what visitors believe they should be. Anthrozoös 27(4), 529-541.
[5]. Wijeratne, A. J., Van Dijk, P. A., Kirk-Brown, A., & Frost, L. 2014. "Rules of engagement: The role of emotional display rules in delivering conservation interpretation in a zoobased tourism context." Tourism Management 42, 149-156..

Abstract: Quality attributes of bread produced with bleached palm oil, margarine and lard as shortenings were investigated in this research with using standard analytical methods. Selected chemical properties of the shortening revealed acid values of 3.02mgKOH/g and 0.62mgKOH/g for bleached palm oil, margarine and lard respectively. Saponification values ranged from 191.60mgKOH/g-228mgKOH/g. Iodine value varied from 57.10g/100g-64.80g/1000g-2.60meq/1000g for the three oils under investigation. Physical characteristic of bread samples produced such as loaf volume, loaf weight, specific volume and oven spring with is shortenings revealed significant difference (P≤0.05) among samples. Effect of shortenings on bread samples produced for sensory analysis viz crumb colour, crumb texture, crust colour, taste, aroma and overall acceptability showed mean scores of 4.75, 6.81 and 5.45 for bread samples produced with margarine, bleached palm oil, and lard respectively, indicating panelist preference for bread samples were least preferred. However, irrespective of the significant differences (P≤0.05) in the quality attributes of the bread sample, the use of plant oils and lard in the production of bread have been demonstrated..

Key Word: Quality Attributes, Bread, Bleached Palm Oil, Margarine, Lard

[1]. O. O Oloyede, O. B. Ochema and L. M Nurudeen, Physical, Sensory and Microbiological Properties of Wheat-Fermented Unripe Plantain Flour, Nigeria Food Journal, 2013, 2:123-129
[2]. I. NorAini and C. H Chemaimon, Characteristics of White Pan Bread as Affected byTempering of the Fat Ingredient, Cereal Chem, 1996, 73 (4): 462 – 465.
[3]. U. S Onoja, P. I Akubo, J Njoku, C. I Onyishi, G. C Ekeh, F. N Eyo, J. E and V. C Ejere Nutritional Composition, Functional Properties and Sensory Evaluation of Bread Based on Blends of Orarudi (Vignaspp) and Wheat Flour, Academic Journals 9: 2014: 24: 119-126
[4]. J. U Anyika and A. C Uwaegbuete, (2005) Frequency of Consumption and nutrient content of some Snacks Eaten by Adolescent Secondary and University Students in Abia State, Nigeria. Journal of Nutrition 26; 10 - 15
[5]. W.J. Sultan, Shortening and their uses, Practical Baking, 3rd Edition, AVI Publishing, Westport, CT, 1980:5.

Abstract: Groundnut shell is a readily available agricultural waste that can be used as a low-cost adsorbent for purification of laboratory water. This agricultural waste was used as a precursor for the preparation of activated charcoal using zinc chloride as a chemical activating agent. Biosorption of contaminants with the adsorbent in laboratory water was investigated using standard methods with a view to ascertaining the adsorbent purification efficacy. The physicochemical properties of the laboratory water treated with the test adsorbent and the commercial activated charcoal (control), generally indicated significant (P<0.05) decrease in the properties investigated in the adsorbent-treated water when compared with the untreated water. With exception of alkalinity in the entire treated and untreated water samples, with slightly higher values above the permissible limit, other parameters investigated in the water treated with the product fell within the standards for set by regulatory agencies. Generally, the test adsorbent was more effective than the commercial activated charcoal in the adsorption of contaminants in the laboratory water. This research has revealed that groundnut shell-based activated charcoal could be employed as a low-cost alternative adsorbent for decontaminating laboratory water..

Key Word: Groundnut shell, activated charcoal, adsorbents, laboratory water, agricultural waste.

[1]. Chen B. (2003). Hydrogen bonding in water. Physical Review Letters. 92(21), 215500.
[2]. NIH (2003). Laboratory water: Its importance and application. National Institute of Health, Office of Research Facilities, USA.
[3]. Kurniawan T. A., Chan G.Y.S., Lo W. & Babel S. (2006). Physico–chemical treatment techniques for wastewater laden with heavy metals. Chem. Engr. J., 118(1–2), 83–98.
[4]. Tak B., Tak B., Kim Y., Park Y., Yoon Y. & Min G. (2015). Optimization of colour and COD removal from livestock wastewater by electrocoagulation process: Application of box-behnken design (BBD). J. Ind. Engr. Chem., 28, 307–315.
[5]. Wang J., Wu F., Wang M., Qui N., Liang Y., Fang S. & Jiang S. (2010). Preparation of activated carbon from a renewable agricultural residue of pruning mulberry shoot. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 9(19), 2762–2767.