IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-9 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2015

Abstract: Environmental impurities and degrading substances are major causes of pollution. On-going efforts to cut the world's carbon emission have been an uphill battle with the unknown. Because of the importance of some photosynthetic bacteria, viable, efficient and environment-friendly biological remediation researches have therefore become inevitably important. In search of these criteria, there was the need for the logical merger of efficacy of the mop-up capability of the biological agents and productive beneficial end-results. We studied the previously identified thermophilic species of photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodocista pekingensis isolated from a local hot spring in Malaysia. Inductive Toxic-mopping (IT-m) technique was used to assess the production of bacteriocarotenoids by metabolic bioconversion process of eight toxic chemical compounds by Rhodocista pekingensis. Results showed a positive response to four of the toxic chemical compounds with the production of 65±5 mg/L, 63±3 mg/L, 59±3 mg/L and 53±6 mg/L yields of raw bacteriocarotenoid in DMSO, Methanol, Isopropyl alcohol and Dubai crude respectively when compared with 65±3 mg/l of raw bacteriocarotenoid produced in the Control experiment. Four of the toxic compounds were efficient to trigger carotenogenic processes needed in the production of beneficial bacteriocarotenoids, two were mild and two others were inadequate to trigger a substantial process.

Key words: Bacteriocarotenoid, Toxic-mopping, Bioremediation, Carbon emission, Rhodocista

[1]. O.F.A. Akinnuoye, O. Othman, I. Nazlina and H. Ainon. Ultramicrotomy and structural analyses of two thermophilic non-sulphur
photosynthetic bacteria. Malaysian Journal of Microscopy 6, 2010, 23-29.
[2]. D. Zhang, Y. Huifang, W. Zhang H. Zhiyong and S.J. Liu. Rhodocista pekingensis sp. nov., a cyst-forming phototrophic bacterium
from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53, 2003,1111– 1114.
[3]. O.F.A. Akinnuoye, I. Nazlina and H. Ainon. Application of Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy in
The Characterization of Rhodomicrobium vannielii. Journal of Advanced Microscopy Research, 6, 2011, 1-7.
[4]. H. Ainon, C.J. Tan and S. Vikineswary, Biological characterization of Rhodomicrobium vannielli isolated from a Hot Spring at
Gadek, Malacca,Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Microbiology 2 (1), 2006, 15-21.
[5]. J.F. Imhoff and H.G. Truper. The genus Rhodospirillum and related genera. In The Prokaryotes, 2nd edn, vol. 1, pp. 2141–2155.
Edited by A. Balows, H. G. Truper, M. Dworkin, W. Harder and K. H. Schleifer. Heidelberg:Springer. 1992.

Abstract: An experimental estimation of arsenic in a large number of samples by Field Test Kits and by Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (HGAAS) was done. Water samples were collected from the following blocks of Supaul district, viz., Raghopur, Basantpur, Supaul, Nirmali, Saraigarh-Bhaptiyahi and Triveniganj. The aim of this study was to analyze the total arsenic concentration in tube well water of these regions at different locations. Twenty water samples were randomly selected from each block (n=120) for the determination of Arsenic concentration, using Field Test Kits. Few samples (n=11) found with higher concentration of arsenic, were also estimated and confirmed by HGAAS method for comparative observation. The maximum concentration of arsenic was found to be 0.10 mg/l by using Field Test Kits method and the average concentration of arsenic of the selected samples was 0.02 mg/l, whereas around 20% of these tube wells had arsenic concentration above 0.05 mg/l. It was observed that the results obtained by usingField Test Kits showed less measurement as compared to those obtained by HGAAS method for the same samples, when the arsenic concentration measured ≤0.10 mg/l. Arsenic concentration was significantly (p<0.0001) higher in HGASS results than the value obtained by Field Test Kit method.

Keywords: Arsenic, Tube well water, Field Test Kit, HGAAS

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[4]. Wang, L. and Huang, J. (1994). In: Arsenic in the Environment, Plant II: Human health and ecosystem effects (eds. Nriagu, J.O.), Wiely, NewYork, 159-172.
[5]. Das, D., Samanta, G., Mandal, B.K., Chowdhury, R.T., Chandra, C.R. and Chowdhury, P.P. (1996). Arsenic in ground water in six district of West Bengal, India. Environ. Geochem. Health 18, 5-15.
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Abstract: Pakistan is a signatory to the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) and has a commitment and obligation to meet the targets relating to sanitation and water access to under privilege and underserved people of Pakistan that are vulnerable to the development of safe drinking water as per the standard of World Health Organization (WHO) and National standards. Poor people of coastal area are not only deprived of financial resources but they are lacking basic needs such as education, health and safe drinking water. Provision of safe drinking water in the coastal area is vital for reducing incidence of waterborne diseases such as diarrhea, malaria, trachoma and hepatitis A & B. Present study was, therefore, undertaken to assess the source and quality of drinking water in two Talukas of Badin district (Badin and Fazul Rahoo). The study areas as surveyed are not provided with drinking water through water supply and are mostly relying on groundwater and open ponds, causing various waterborne diseases and health problems.

1]. Dawn (2012), Safe Drinking water and facility of sanitation in Schools of Karachi, Staff Reporter, International Edition, website, http://www.DAWN.com , March, 23, 2012.
[2]. Leghari, M. E., Developing Sustainable Management Plan for Water Supply and Sanitation in Coastal Area of Badin. Masters diss., Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Pakistan, 2013.
[3]. Memon, A. A., Devastation of the Indus River Delta, Proc. World Water & Environmental Resources Congress 2005, American Society of Civil Engineering (ASCE), 2005.
[4]. Ministry of Physical Planning and Works, "National Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Policy," Government of Nepal Ministry of Physical Planning and Works, 3rd Draft, vol. 3, 2008.
[5]. Panhwar, M. H., Lashari, B. K. and Leghari, M. E. H., "Updated Report Impact Assessment: Consequences of Seawater Intrusion in Pakistan", Indus Institute for Research and Education (IIRE), 2006.

Abstract: Slag utilized here is obtained from the blasting process of the metal ore in a Cupola furnace .Slag is a by-product of the iron and steel manufacturing process. Generally a blast furnace operates on a continuous basis and produces approximately 250 — 300 kg of slag per tons of iron produced. The slag is collected in a foundry in Coimbatore and it is approximately graded to the size of a coarse aggregate used in M20 grade concrete (i.e size of a 20mm jelly) and partial replacement of the coarse aggregate is seen in initial fractions. Also the fine aggregate used in M20 concrete mix ratio is completely replaced by use of quarry dust which is a cheaper material when compared to sand. Ratio of fine and coarse aggregates replacement are prepared and accordingly the cubes are casted as per IS:456-2000 M20 mix ratio. Then the cubes are set for curing in water for 28 days.

[1]. BIS:IS:10500-2012,Drinking Water Quality Standards.
[2]. Perrine Chaurand, Jerome Rose , ― Environmental impacts of steel slag reused in road construction‖, Journal of Hazardous Materials, May-2005, France.
[3]. Mohammed Nadeem, Arun D , ― Experimental investigation of using slag as an alternative to normal aggregates (coarse and fine) in concrete‖, Journal of Civil Engineering, 2012, India.
[4]. Palanivel, M., T.Elayaraja, D.Ganeshmoorthy, N.Jagadeeswaran, and K.Kalaiselvi ―Impact Of Foundry Units On Coimbatore Environment‖, Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Environment and Health, Chennai,dec-2003, India.
[5]. Meena Murmu,(2009) ― Evaluation of strength characteristics of steel slag hydrated matrix‖, Department of civil engineering. National Institute Of Technology,Rourkela.India

Abstract: Urban renewal brings improvement to the physical and housing conditions and makes a city a suitable place for living. The commitment of the Plateau State government to giving a face lift to the aesthetic beauty of the capital city of Jos, through urban renewal, has been reiterated on several occasions. The city witnessed series of crises almost throughout the last decade with the high density residential areas mostly affected. The implementation of the proposed urban renewal programmes in the capital city, therefore, call for caution and concern. This study, having investigated through questionnaires, interview and field observation, the various socio-economic characteristics of three high density residential areas, namely, Ungwan Rogo, Gangare and Dadinkowa, respectively sampled from the Northern,

[1]. Ademiluyi, I.A. and Solanke, M.O. (2008), "Perceptual Notion and Realities of Nigeria Urban Centres", Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences 5(2), 177 – 181.
[2]. Agbola T. "Sustainable Approach to Slum Prevention in Nigeria: Opportunities, Challenges and Strategies", Key Note Paper Presented at the Second House of Representatives‟ Committee on Habitat on Sustainable Slum Upgrading in Urban Areas and Held at the Shehu Yar‟adua Center, Abuja, 25-27 October, 2006.
[3]. Agbola, T. and Jinadu, A.M. (1997), "Forced eviction and forced relocation in Nigeria: the experience of those evicted from Maroko in 1990", Environmental Urbanization, 9(2),
[4]. Ahianba, J.E., Dimuna, K.O. and Okogun, A. (2008), "Built Environment Decay and Urban Health in Nigeria", Journal of Human Ecology, 23(3): 265, Kanla Raj.
[5]. Aluko B.T. and Amidu, A.R. (200), "Urban Low Income Settlements, Land Deregulation and Sustainable Development in Nigeria", 5th Fig. Regional Conference Accra, Ghana, March 8 – 11.
[6]. Andersen, H. and Engelstoft, S. (2004), The End of Urbanization. Transformation of the Urban Concept Del. 21. pp. 53 – 67.
[7]. Ashley, R., Blackwood, D. Butler, D. Davies. J., Jowitt, P. and Smith, H. (2004), "Sustainable Water Service: A Procedural Guide (SWARD)", IWA Publishing, London, UK.

Abstract: Dimethoate is the widely used organophosphorous insecticides in agriculture. The irrational use of Dimethoate in Yemen play a crucial role in the occurrence of many diseases affecting plants, animals and man. Dimethoate (DM) is used to kill mites and aphids among other insects and is applied on citrus, cotton, fruit, olives, potatoes, tea, tobacco and vegetables. The aim of the present work was to study biochemical changes that might occur in the liver of albino rats as a result of DM intoxication. In the present investigation the animals were treated with 1/10th of LD50 of DM via oral gavage (34.5mg/kg body weight. The first group animals were considered as control animals. Second group of animals were treated with Dimethoate via oral gavage (34.5mg/kg body weight which is 1/10th of LD50) for 10 days, third and fourth groups of animals were administered for 20 and 30 days with an interval of 48h respectively. The DM treated groups are AST and ALT was selected in the present investigation showed an increment. The present findings indicate that chronic exposure to DM has clear toxic effect on the liver of albino rats.

Key Words: Dimethoate, Albino rat, liver, protein metabolic profile.

[1]. Al-Haj M. Nasser A. and Anis A.2005.Survey of pesticides used in Qat cultivation in Dhale and Yafe and their adverse effects.J.Nat.Appl.Sci.9 (1):103-110.
[2]. Begum, G (2007). Cypermethrin – induced biochemical perturbations in freshwater fish Clarias batrachus at sublethal exposure and after released into freshwater. Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 30:55-65.
[3]. Begum G. and Vijavaraghaven S.(1995). In vivo toxicity of Dimethoate on protein and taransaminases in the liver tissues of fresh water fish Claries Batrachus (Linn). Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol.54(3):370-375.
[4]. Bergmeyer, H.V (1965). In: Methods of enzymatic analysis. Ed. H.V.Bergmeyer, Academic Press, New York, 401.
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[7]. David, M., S.B. Mushigeri, R. Shivakumar and G.H. Philip (2004). Response of Cyprinus carpio (Linn) to sublethal concentration of cypermethrin: alterations in protein metabolic profiles. Chemosphere, 56:347-352.

Abstract: One of the natural factors to be considered in determining property rental values is flood. Year 2012 flood was noticeable in many countries due to its severance with Nigeria not left out most especially Kaduna metropolis. This paper aims at assessing the effect of this year's flood on residential property values. Data were sourced through both primary and secondary means. Systematic random sampling was used as the affected areas list was made available by Kaduna State Agricultural Development Project. Findings revealed low rental values in both years 2012 and 2013 but rose again due to some militating measures taken by the government and developers. In addition, the cause was traced to the rivers' setback encroachment and dumping of refuse into the rivers. Recommendations made include putting in place permanent measures to check flood's reoccurrence in the metropolis, availability of flood plain area map and data on flood occurrence to the public and enforcement of development control on developers.

Keywords: Property Rental Values, Flood, Natural Disasters, Flood plain, Heavy Rainfall

[1]. Aderogba, K. A (2012) Substantive Causes and Effects of Floods in South Western Nigeria and Sustainable Development of the Cities and Towns, Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies (JETERAPS) 3(4): 551-560
[2]. Alex, A (2013) Sokoto Flooding due to Sedimentation-Ministry, Daily Trust, Thursday, February 7, 2013, page 34.
[3]. Bariweni, P.A, Tawari C. C. and Abowei, J.F.N (2012)Some Environmental Effects of Flooding in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria, International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 1(1): 35-46, 2012 ISSN: 2049-8411; e-ISSN: 2049-842X
[4]. Centre For Ecology And Hydrology (Nd) Integrated Science For Our Changing World: Understanding Floods. Natural Environment Research Council.
[5]. Environment Agency (2009) A leaflet on prepare your property for flooding, guide for householders and small businesses. October.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship of quality characteristics of fried red onion with the chemical compositions of red onion bulbs of Palu Valley variety. The result shows that the red onions of Palu Valley variety which were harvested from different planting locations significantly affect bulbs chemical compositions. Bulbs productivity, carbohydrate, protein, mineral, calcium, the total solute, and the highest dry weight are found in bulbs harvested from Guntarano planting location. The quality characteristics of fried red onions increase along with the increasing level of bulbs chemical components such as total of soluble solids, calcium, protein, minerals, sulfur and carbohydrates, but decrease with the increasing water and fat content.

Keywords: Onions, Leaf Nutrient Content, Bulbs Chemical compositions, Quality characteristics

[1]. MS. Jilani, A. Ghaffoor, K. Waseem, JI. Farooqi, Effect of Different Levels of Nitrogen on Growth and Yield of Three Onion Varieties. Int. J. Agri. Biol. 6 (3), 2004, 507 – 510.
[2]. AK. Karaye, A.I. Yakubu, Influence of intra-row spacing and mulching on weed growth and bulb yield of garlic (Allium sativumL.) in Sokoto, Nigeria. Afr. J. Biotechnol 5 (3), 2006, 260-264.
[3]. HM. Patil, B.T. Shete, PT. Kolekar, Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth and Yield of Onion (Allium Cepa L.) Seed Production. Internat. J. Agric. Sci. 3 (2), 2007, 83-86.
[4]. B. Mahanthesh, M. Harshavardhan, V. Srinivasa, MRP. Sajjan, G.N. Thippeshappa, Bulb yield and processing qualities of onion (Allium cepa L.) as influenced by integrated nutrient management in kharif season under rainfed condition. Internat. J. agric. Sci. 4 (2), 2008, 469 - 474.
[5]. AH. Al-Fraihat, Effect of Different Nitrogen and Sulphur Fertilizer Levels on Growth, Yield and Quality of Onion (Allium cepa, L.). Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 5 (2), 2009, 155 – 165.
[6]. Soleymani, M.H. Shahrajabian, Effects of different levels of nitrogen on yield and nitrate content of four spring onion genotypes. Intl. J. Agri. Crop. Sci. 4 (4), 2012, 179-182.
[7]. JB. Adams, Raw materials quality and the texture of processed vegetables (Woodhead Publishing Ltd and CRC Press LLC, 2004).

Abstract: Olive fruit is considered as one of the most important fruit crops in Egypt. Olive fruits could be processed to produce olive oil which, consumed strongly these days as a results of its desirable biological effects. HACCP system is an international preventive system concerning with food safety. So, the present work was carried out to investigate the possibility of implementation of HACCP system during olive oil extraction using centrifugation system to improve the quality and safety of olive oil production. Hazard analysis was conducted to identify hazards that may be occur in the product cycle and to assess the preventive measures for controlling them, critical control points (CCPs) were determined to control the identified hazards. Critical limits were established at each CCP, appropriate monitoring system was established for each CCP to monitor its control , Corrective actions to be taken when monitoring indicates deviation or loss of control were established, Verification procedures were established to confirm that the HACCP system is working effectively, Documentation concerning all procedures and records were established. HACCP system can be also used to control the safety and quality of olive oil extraction plant.

Key words: GMP, Hazard, HACCP, Centrifugal Extraction, Quality, Olive oil, Safety

1]. Anonymous (1984). National institute of health food contamination study and control in Asia and Far East. Islamabad. National Institute of Health, p.82.
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[3]. Codex: Codex Alimentarius Commission (1993). Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) system and Guidelines for its Application. Formerly CAC/RCP 1-1969; (Rev. 4 - 2003).
[4]. Codex: Codex Alimentarius Commission (1997). Standard for olive oils and olive pomace oils. Formerly CAC/RS 33-1970; Revised in 1989, Rev. 2-2003.
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[6]. E.S: Egyptian Organization for Standardization and quality control 1589 (2005a). Botteled /packaged drinking waters (other than natural mineral water).
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Abstract: In recent times the usage of plant secondary metabolites for degradation of pesticide is cheaper and safer to environment. The present paper mainly focused on isolation of secondary metabolites from Clausena dentata and its degradation potential of endosulfan pesticide. The significant degradation was found in saponins for both 1000 and 2000 μg/ml concentration of endosulfan with 1 and 2 ml of secondary metabolites with corresponding P value =< 0.0001. Amongst all secondary metabolites the saponins and terpenoids are degrade endosulfan efficiently.

Keywords: Secondary metabolites, Clausena dentata, endosulfan.

[1]. Sung-Cheol Koh., Young-In Park., Yoon-Mo Koo. And Jae-Seong So., 2000. Plant terpenes and lignin as natural cosubstrates in biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Biotechnol. Bioprocess Eng. 5: 164-168
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Abstract: The cork oak (Quercus suber L.) is a Mediterranean species, having great ecological and socio-economic interest. IT is characterized by a large phenological polymorphism showing variations periodic phenomena of plant development residing in observing any qualitative change in external morphological characters. Our study is based on the comparison of phenological parameters (maximum rate of fruiting, flowering and leafing) for periods of peaks and estimated relative to adults of different populations of cork oak trees natural conditions in Tunisia: El Feidja (Ghardimaou), Beni M'ttir, Hammam Bourguiba, Zena and Oued Mejen Essef (Ain Draham), Ain Zana (Bouselm) Jebel Zouza (Nefza) Bellif (Sejnane) Keff El Rand (Haouria) and Hammam Jdidi (Hammamet) located Kroumirie, Mogods and Cap Bon.

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Abstract: Milk is the fluid normally secreted by female mammals for the nourishment of their young ones. It is a compulsory part of daily diet for the expectant mothers as well as growing children and also serves as good medium for microbial growth and contamination 240 raw milk samples and 72 pasteurized milk samples from different places of Madurai District for a period of six months were analysed for microbial quality. Among the raw milk samples only 19.1% of samples were good quality and 28.3% are very poor quality. In the pasteurized milk samples 81.9% of samples were good for human consumption. The bacteria isolated from milk samples includes Lactobacilli, Staphylococcus aureus, Escheritia coli, Bacillus subtilis , Salmonella typhi, and feacal coliforms.

Keywords: Raw milk, pasteurized milk, MBRT, coli forms, public health, Madurai

[1]. Torkar KG and Teger SG., The Microbiological quality of raw milk after introducing the two day's milk collecting system. Acta Agri. Slovenica. 92(1),(2008), 61- 74.
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[3]. Prajapati J.B., Fundamentals of Dairy Microbiology. Akta Prakashal Nadiad, Gujarat, India, (1995), 4-45
[4]. Chatterjee S.N., Bhattacharjee I., Chatterjee S.K. and Chandra G., Microbiological examination of milk in Tarakeswar, India with special reference to coliforms. African Journal of Biotechnology 5, (2006),1383 – 1385
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[6]. De Silva ZN., Cunha AS., Lins MC., Carneior L., Almeida AC and Queuro ML., Isolation and serological identification of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in pasteurized milk in Brazil. Rev. Saude publica. 35 (4): 375-379

Abstract: The thin layer drying behavior of Psidium guajava L (guava fruit) cultivar Rayalaseema area AP, India, were studied experimentally to examine the influence of drying air temperature, slice thickness, and air velocity on the drying curves. Drying operation was carried out at 55oC, 60oC and 65oC temperatures, at slice thickness of 2.5 mm, 4 mm and 6 mm at 1 and 1.5 m/sec velocities. The predominant falling rate drying regime was observed. The analysis reveals that, the drying temperature and slice thickness has a significant effect and velocity has a least effect on moisture removal. Drying rate is found to increase with the increase in air temperature and thus reduced the drying time. Drying time increases with increase in slice thickness. The various drying models in defining the suitability of drying behavior were examined by statistical analysis. The analysis reveals, that the Henderson and Pabis model is better model that explains the drying behavior of Guava Fruit (R2=0.993).

Keywords: Guava fruit, Temperature, Velocity, Thickness, Drying kinetics

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