IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-9 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2015

Abstract: The indiscriminate use of toxic pesticides had created an environment that without this poison the plant life is unfruitful leading to the farmer's life miserable. For several years, this phenomenon was continuing and the ecosystem is protecting the environment and the life of human being from high risk of toxicity. But, how long it will continue or weather a paradigm change in the agricultural field is required? With this objective a field study was conducted in the cardamom plantations of Idukki district in South India to estimate and predict the persistence of pesticide residue in the soil environment. It is observed that residues of endosulfan, DDT and organophosphorous pesticides were present in soil samples at 31.6 %, 29 % and 21 % respectively. The present study gives a prediction of the concentration of persistent pesticide residues in the soil if the present dose and frequency of application is continued.

[1]. Rao P.S.C , R.S. Mansell, L.B. Baldwin, and M.F. Laurent (2012), Pesticides and their behavior in soil and water, Pesticide Safety Education Program, Cornell University, Cooperative Extension.
[2]. Mathava kumar, Ligy Philip (2006), ―Bioremediation of endosulfan contaminated soil and water optimization of operating conditions in laboratory scale reactors‖ Journal of Hazardous Materials B136, 354-364.
[3]. Manuel Arias-Estevez, Eugenio Lopez-Periago, Elena Martinez-Carballo, Jesus Simal-Gandara, Juan-Carlos Mejuto, Luis Garcia-Rio (2007) ―The mobility and degradation of pesticides in soils and the pollution of groundwater resources‖ Journal of Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment , doi:10.1016/j.agee.2007.07.011
[4]. John R. Cox1, Sampling for Pesticide Residue Analysis, Chapter 6, 125-147.
[5]. Asensio-Ramos M, Hernandez-Borges.J, Revelo-Perez.L,Rodriguez-Delgado.M.A,(2010) ―Evaluation of a modifide QuEChERS method for the extraction of pesticides from agricultural, ornamental and forestal soils‖ . Journal of Annal. Bioanal. Chem, 396: 2307-2319.

Abstract: The city of Sapele, Latitude 50 50'N - 50 55'N and Longitude 50 37'E – 50 44'E, Fig. 1, Fig. 2 is the head quarter of the Sapele Local government area, Delta State, Nigeria. Located on the south bank of the Ethiope River at its confluence with the Jamieson River, Figure 2 the uniquely crystal clear waters of both conjoined rivers become known as the Benin River west of Sapele. The Benin River empties into the Atlantic Ocean and because the Ethiope River is deep enough at Sapele to accommodate ocean going vessels, Sapele river port is one of the most important in the western Niger Delta

[1]. National Population Commission, 2006 Population and Housing Census, Priority Table Volume III, Population Distribution by sex, state LGA & Senatorial District, (NPC, Abuja, Nigeria, 2010)
[2]. K. Okunomo, and F. O. Achoja, Economic Impact Assessment of African Timber & Plywood Company in Sapele, Delta State, Nigeria African Journal of General Agriculture, 6(3), 2010,159-167
[3]. O.A. Adejuwon, Rainfall Seasonality in the Niger Delta Belt, Nigeria, Journal of Geography and Regional Planning 5(2), 2012, 51-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/JGRP11.096
[4]. Ministry of Economic Planning, Delta State Household and Housing Survey, (Central Office of Statistics, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria, 2011)
[5]. E.A. Atakpo, I. A. Akpoborie and E.C. Okolie, Geoelectric Mapping of Amukpe Area, Delta State Nigeria. Nig. Jnl. Of Science and Environment, Vol.7, 2008, 73-81
[6]. McGill Engineering, Environmental Impact Assessment of proposed Independent Power Plant, Sapele. Project Report, McGill Engineering, Benin City, 2005

Abstract: Global markets have increased the plethora of options available to Indian consumers. With the clear shift in consumer tastes and preferences, food companies have also capitalized on the same. While Indian consumers are still not as heavily impacted by the obesity epidemic like some other developed nations – there is a clear shift; one which does not augur well for the health of the average citizen. The objective of this paper was to identify these key lifestyle trends that have emerged over the dozen years or so – and understand the way they are changing food habits.

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Abstract: The North Coast lies from the jaws of Buna to cape Rodon. This area includes 66.4km or ¼ of the Adriatic coastline. The coastal zone management study provides recognition and protection of the environment from the negative phenomena that appear under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on the land and assessment of coastal phenomena in the service of society at both national, regional and local levels. It should be emphasized that the ocean level rise due to global climate warming is also reflected in the sea. But what may become offensive in terms of land and in a not too distant future, may include an important area which is favored by nearly flat surfaces sloping quite gradually. Also problematic are the siesmatic shifts in the slow tectonic Velipoje area which is in the northern part of the field of Lezha, and less Mates coast. One of the most serious shortcomings of the North Coast area is the environmental management or rather the lack of it. In this paper we will try to address the problems of this area in the context of tourism and relevant measures for better management and to protect it from the erosion phenomenon.

Keywords: management, environmental, coast, protection.

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Abstract: The effects of salinity, nitrate (N) and phosphate (P) concentrations on the germination of Enhalus acoroides seeds and growth were studied under laboratory condition. The highest percentage of seed germination was at 20 ppt salinity for all concentrations of N and P. However, there was not different (P >0.05) in the percentage of germinated seed compared with other salinity levels of 25 and 30 ppt at all N and P concentrations. In regard to the growth rate of seedling was found to be effective to the extension of root and lengths. In present study, root and leaf lengths of E. acoroides seedling were observed to be significantly declined when the level of salinity and N and P concentrations increased. Hence, alteration in the major nutrient concentration indicates the vulnerability of E. acoroides seagrass under culturing laboratory condition, which must be avoidably approached prior to transplantation into the meadow area for conservative management of seagrass resource.

Keywords: Enhalus acoroides, Seagrass, Salinity, Nutrient, Germination

[1]. S. Poovachiranon, and H. Chansang, The distribution and species composition of seagrass beds along the Andaman Sea Coast of Thailand, Phuket mar. boil. Cent. Res. Bull, 59, 1994, 43-52.
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Abstract: The levels of ozone formation potentialfor four oxygenated hydrocarbons, namelyformaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein and propionaldehyde,were estimated using photochemical ozone creation potential indices.During the transformation periodforthe enforcementof gasohol cleaner fuels in Bangkok from 2008 to 2013, the average OFPs of formaldehyde were the foremostlevels(480.54/509.16; pre-/post-enforcement;μg.m-3), followed by acetaldehyde OFPs (302.82/289.03),propionaldehyde OFPs (48.86/43.53) andacroleinOFPs (30.38/33.20)subsequently. The Mann-Whitney U-test was conducted to determine the significance of gasohol on the quantities of the four carbonyl OFPs and atmospheric ozone. The results suggested that the maximum ozone concentrations (135.53/160.42;μg.m-3) for Bangkok and its vicinity areas were significantly increased after the compliance of gasohol fuels, whereas the OFP levels of four carbonyl compounds were statistically insignificant(p< 0.05, 2-tailed).

Keywords:Photochemical ozone creation potential, ozone formation potentialoxygenated hydrocarbons, carbonyl VOCs, gasohol fuels

[1]. Pollution Control Department [PCD],Thailand State of Pollution Report 2012 (Bangkok, BTS, 2012).
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Abstract: Acute toxicity of lead and zinc salts (Pb(NO3)2 and ZnCl2) and their bioaccumulation patterns in juveniles of Clarias gariepinus was investigated. ZnCl2 with a 96hr LC50 value of 15.301mg/l was found to be more toxic than Pb(NO3)2 with a 96hr LC50 value of 51.516mg/l. ZnCl2 was bio-accumulated at a faster rate in the gills and flesh of the fish than Pb(NO3)2 . The amount of ZnCl2 and Pb(NO3)2 bio-accumulated reduced as the experiment proceeded. Higher levels of ZnCl2 were recorded in the gills than in the flesh of the juvenile fishes. Essential heavy metals can be more toxic to aquatic organisms than non essential heavy metals when the former is present in high enough concentrations. Water chemistry, speciation and bio-availability of heavy metals in surrounding media are major factors that determine rate of accumulation in aquatic organisms.

Keywords: Acute toxicity, Bioaccumulation, Clarias gariepinu, Heavy Metals, Juvenile.

[1]. Vutukuru, S. S., . Acute Effects of Hexavalent Chromium on Survival, Oxygen Consumption, Heamatological parameters and Some Biochemical Profiles of the Indian Major carp, Labeo rohita. International Journal of Environmental Resources. Public Health. 2 (3), 2005, 456-462.
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[4]. Oyewo, Z. O. Industrial Sources and Distribution of Heavy Metal in Lagos Lagoon And Their Biological Effects On Estuaries Animals. Ph.D. Thesis, University Of Lagos. 1998.

Abstract: The study involved a laboratory experiment on the use of Pistia stratiotes in the removal of some heavy metals from a stream polluted by waste water from Kaduna Refinery and Petrochemical Company. Water sample was collected from Kaduna Refinery effluent point, Romi up and Romi down. The Bioconcentration (BCF) and Biotranslocation (BTF) Factors of each metal were determined. The experinmental study showed that Pistia stratiotes is a suitable candidate for effective removal of heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Mn, Ag, Pb, Zn) from Romi stream.

Keywords: Heavy metals, Romi Stream, phytoremediation, Pistia stratiotes

[1]. Aboulroos SA, Helal MID, and Kamel MM (2006). Remediation of Pb and Cd polluted soils using in situ immobilization and phytoextraction techniques. Soil Sediment Contam. 15: 199-215.
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[5]. Asamudo, N.U., A.S. Daba and Ezeronye, O.U. (2005) Bioremediation of textile effluent using Phanerochaete chrysosporium., African Journal of Biotechnology. 4(13), 1548-1553.
[6]. Ayyasamy, P.M., Rajakumar, S., Sathishkumar, M., Swaminathan, K., Shanthi, K., Lakshmanaperumalsamy, P. and Lee, S., 2009, Nitrate removal from synthetic medium and groundwater with aquatic macrophytes., Desalination, 242, 286-296.

Abstract: Present study deals with the laboratory investigations for fabrication of M-35 grade concrete paving blocks using recycled coarse and fine aggregates as a replacement of natural aggregates from 25 to 100 % level by weight and results were compared with control. It was observed that properties of recycled aggregates were inferior to natural aggregates. However, the properties of recycled aggregates enhanced after washing. The test results of blocks showed that the replacement of natural aggregates by recycled aggregates at the level of 25 % had little effect on the compressive strength and it decreased beyond these levels. As compare to natural aggregates, the flexural strength of paving blocks was higher using recycled aggregates. Durability performance of blocks like water absorption, density and abrasion resistance was also improved using washed recycled coarse aggregates. Petrographic image analysis showed improvement in the interface of washed recycled coarse aggregates and surrounding matrix.

Keywords: recycled coarse aggregates, paving blocks, compressive strength, flexural strength, C & D waste, natural aggregates

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Abstract: The occurrence of moulds and aflatoxins in groundnut kernels are of great concern to food processors and consumers because of their ability to cause spoilage resulting to economic losses and public health problem such as aflatoxicosis. This study was aimed at determining the presence of Aspergillus species and aflatoxin levels in fresh harvested and stored groundnuts kernels from non-mechanized groundnut oil processors in parts of Kaduna State. Enumeration and identification of Aspergillus spp of groundnut kernels; freshly harvested and stored samples were carried out using standard methods. Aflatoxin levels were determined using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The result showed that both harvest and stored products had significantly (P<0.05) higher number of samples containing Aspergillus flavus than Aspergillus parasiticus. The four Aspergillus species isolated in descending order were: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus terreus. Though only about 9.02% of the total 260 samples screened had aflatoxin levels above the 20ppb recommended standard limit by Nigeria National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control, it was obvious that the persistent detection of moulds and total aflatoxin in this research could be a health threat to both human and animal groundnut products (cake and oil) consumers.

Keywords: Arachis hypogea, Aspergillus spp, aflatoxin.

[1]. Amaoo,I.A.and Ascoore,F.P. Effects of processing the Nutrient composition and oil of peanuts(Arachis hypogeal) seed flour.
Journal of chemical Society of Nigeria,31(1&2):2006,pp1-5
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[3]. Bankole,S.A.,Osho, A.,Joda,A.O.and Enikuomehin,O.A.Effects of drying methods on the quality and storability of egusi melon seeds (colocynthis citrullus L) African Journal of Biotechnology 4(8):2005, pp799-803
[4]. Chaelae, M.I., Jideani, I.J. and Abayeh, O.J. Occurrence of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus in some ready to eat – foods sold in market places in Bauchi, Nigeria. Nigerian Food Journal. 20:2002, pp81-85
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