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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Nano Drug Delivery System in Pharmacy and Chemistry Review Article |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Santoshil Bose |
Abstract: Controlled drug delivery systems (DDS) have several advantages compared to the traditional forms of drugs. A drug is transported to the place of action, hence, its influence on vital tissues and undesirable side effects can be minimized. Accumulation of therapeutic compounds in the target site increases and, consequently, the required doses of drugs are lower. This modern form of therapy is especially important when there is a discrepancy between the dose or the concentration of a drug and its therapeutic results or toxic effects. Cell-specific targeting can be accomplished by attaching drugs to specially designed carriers. Various nanostructures, including liposomes, polymers, dendrimers, silicon or carbon materials, and magnetic nanoparticles, have been tested as carriers in drug delivery systems.
[1]. Nevozhay D, Kañska U, Budzyñska R, Boratyñski J: Current status of research on conjugates and related drug delivery systems in the treatment of cancer and other diseases (Polish). Postepy Hig Med Dosw, 2007, 61, 350–360.
[2]. Suri SS, Fenniri H, Singh B: Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems. J Occup Med Toxicol, 2007, 2, 16.
[3]. Sunderland CJ, Steiert M, Talmadge JE, Derfus AM, Barry SE: Targeted nanoparticles for detecting and treating cancer. Drug Dev Res, 2006, 67, 70–93.
[4]. Silva R, Ferreira H, Cavaco-Paulo A: Sonoproduction of liposomes and protein particles as templates for delivery purposes. Biomacromolecules, 2011, 12, 3353–3368.
[5]. Xiong F, Mi Z, Gu N: Cationic liposomes as gene delivery system: transfection efficiency and new application. Pharmazie, 2011, 66, 158–164.
[6]. Biswas S, Dodwadkar NS, Deshpande PP, Torchilin VP: Liposomes loaded with paclitaxel and modified with novel triphenylphosphonium-PEG-PE conjugate possess low toxicity, target mitochondria an Franc, G.; Kakkar, A. Chem. Commun.2008, 5267.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Analysis and amplification of Phytase gene in transgenic wheat by polymerase Chain Reaction |
| Country | : | Pakistan |
| Authors | : | S. Farooqi || A. Maqbool || H. Mubeen || S. Raza |
Abstract: In the present study, we report the conformational analysis of phytase gene containing transgenic wheat plants using polymerase chain reaction. Wheat is one of the most widely grown crops in Pakistan. To improve the use of organic phosphate by wheat, phytase gene was expressed in wheat under the control of root specific promoter. Phytase gene enhances the degradation of phytic acid by the release of phytase. In the present study, transgenic wheat plants containing phytase gene were screened. About 300 plants were selected for basta screening. All of these plants were shifted to pots and kept in green house carefully. DNA extraction was carried out from survived 150 plants. Integration of phytase gene was checked with the help of PCR using gene junction primers of all of these genomic DNA samples. PCR results showed that gene has been successfully integrated in 51 transgenic wheat plants.
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[2]. Morisset, D., D. Dobnik, S. Hamels, J. Zel and K. Gruden. 2008. NAIMA: target amplification strategy allowing quantitative on-chip detection of GMOs.Nucl.Acids. Res., 36:e118.
[3]. Kota, R. 1999. Detection of transgenes in crop plants using molecular beacon assays. Plant Mol. Biol. Rep., 17: 363-370.
[4]. Markus, L., P. Brodmann, K. Pietsch, J. Pauwels and E. Anklam. 1999. IUPAC collaborative trial study of a method to detect genetically modified Soy beans and Maize in dried powder. Food comp. additives, 82(4): 923-928.
[5]. Yang, L., J. Ding, C. Zhang, J. Jia, H. Weng, W. Liu, D. Zhang. 2005. Estimating the copy number of transgenes in transformed rice by real-time quantitative PCR. Plant Cell Reports, 23(10-11):759-63.
[6]. Xu, L., V. Ensor, S. Gossain, K. Nye and P. Hawkey. 2005. Rapid and simple detection of blaCTX-M genes by multiplex PCR assay. J. Med. Microbiol.,54: 1183–1187.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | An unusual case of arrhythmia in a case of dengue hemorrhagic fever |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Saumyen De, MD || Sanjay Halder, MD || Sanjana Samanta, MD || Rituparna Das || Raju Addha || Pronabesh Sarkar |
Abstract: We report a 9 year old girl suffering from dengue hemorrhagic fever developed bradycardia. Her electrocardiography during bradycardia suggested sinus node dysfunction with exaggerated sinus arrythmia. This is probably the second case of sinus node dysfunction associated with dengue infection1.Furtermore, this sort of fluctuating heart rate between 50-70 beat/min with irregularly irregular heart rate was never reported before associated with dengue infection in pediatric population.
Keywords: Sinus node dysfunction, dengue hemorrhagic fever
[1]. Promphan W, Sopontammarak S, Pruekprasert P, Kajornwattanakul W, Kongpattanayothin A. Dengue myocarditis. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health2004;35:611–3.
[2]. Gibbons RV, Vaughn DW. Dengue: an escalating problem. BMJ 2002;324:1563–6.
[3]. Ravindral S, Kanagasinham A, Neomali A, Amerasena, Uditha B, Deshu VS.Asymptomatic myocardial involvement in acute dengue virus infection in acohort of adult Sri Lankans admitted to a tertiary referral centre. Br J Cardiol2007;14:171–3.
[4]. Kularatne SA, Pathirage MM, Kumarasiri PV, Gunasena S, Mahindawanse SI.Cardiac complications of a dengue fever outbreak in Sri Lanka, 2005. Trans R SocTrop Med Hyg 2007;101:804–8.
[5]. Wali JP, Biswas A, Chandra S, Malhotra A, Aggarwal P, Handa R, et al. Cardiacinvolvement in dengue haemorrhagic fever. Int J Cardiol 1998;64:31–6.
[6]. Khongphatthallayothin A, Chotivitayatarakorn P, Somchit S, Mitprasart A,Sakolsattayadorn S, Thisyakorn C: Morbitz type I second degree AV blockduring recovery from dengue hemorrhagic fever. Southeast Asian J TropMed Public Health 2000, 31:642–645.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Sclerocarya birrea stem bark extract modulates tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and antioxidants levels in ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Balogun, S.U. || Balogun, J.B. || Attah, M.O. || Akpulu, P. || Ella, E.E. || Kwanashie, H.O. || Alawa, J.N. |
Abstract: The study was aimed at evaluating the effect of S. birrea stem bark extract on antioxidants and TNF-α level in ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Five groups of male Wistar albino rats were studied as A, B, C, D and E respectively. Group A and C recieved 30 mg/kg distilled water and extract respectively for four weeks, group B recieved 20 ml of 40 % ethanol (vol/kg body weight) for four weeks, group D and E recieved 20 ml of 40 % ethanol (v/v) for three weeks followed by 15 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg stem-bark extract respectively for one week.
[1]. Feldmann, M., Saklatvala, J. (2000). Proinflammatory cytokines. Cytokine and Cellular Immunology Division, Kenedy Institute of Rheumatology, 1 Aspenlea Road, Hammersmith, London, W6 8LH, UK.
[2]. Das, S.K., Vasudevan, D.M. (2005). Biochemical diagnosis of alcoholism. Indian journal of clinical biochemistry. 20 (1):35-42.
[3]. Devipriya, N., Srinivasan, M., Sudheer, A.R., Menon, V.P. (2007). Effect of ellargic acid, a natural polyphenol on alcohol-induced prooxidant and antioxidant imbalance: a drug dependent study. Singapore Medical Journal 48(4):311-318.
[4]. Song, Z., Zhon, Z., Uriarte, S., Wang, L., Kang, Y.J., Chen, T., Barve, S., McClain, C.J. (2009). S-adenosylhomocysteine sensitizes to TNF-α hepatotoxicity in mice and liver cells: A possible etiological factor in alcoholic liver disease. Hepatology 40(4):989-997.
[5]. Ojewole, J.A.O., Mawoza, T., Chiwororo, W.D.H., Owira, P.M.O. (2010). Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst. ['marula'](Anacardiaceae): A reveiw of its phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology and its ethnomedicinal uses. Phytotherapy Research 24:633-639.
[6]. Borochov-Neori, H., Judienstein, S., Greenberg, A., Furman, B., Attias, J., Volkova, N., Hayek, T., Aviram, M. (2008). Phenolics, antioxidants and antiatherogenic effects of marula (Sclerocarya birrea subsp caffra) fruit juice in healthy humans. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 56:9884-9891.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Rosuvastatin calcium Quantification in Rat Serum with the aid of RP-HPLC: Method Development and Validation. |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | G. Smitha || S. Sharath C Reddy || D. Sameer Kumar || J. Shiva Kumar || Raju Jukanti |
Abstract: The objective of the present study is to develop simple, sensitive, accurate and reproducible RP-HPLC method for Rosuvastatin calcium (RST) estimation in rat serum. The developed method has been applied to determine RST concentrations in rat serum samples for a pharmacokinetic study. The procedure involves simple liquid-liquid extraction of RST and internal standard (IS, Atorvastatin) from rat serum directly into acetonitrile which is injected onto a Kromasil KR 100-5C8 column (4.6 × 250mm, 5μm) at 300C. Mobile phase consisting of orthophosphoric acid and acetonitrile (45:55, v/v) was used at a flow rate of 1.0mL/min for the seperation of RST and IS. The detection of the analyte peak was achieved by monitoring the eluate using a PDA detector set at 241nm.
[1]. P.D. Martin, M.J. Warwick, A.L. Dane, S.J. Hill, P.B. Giles, P.J. Phillips and E. Lenz, Metabolism, excretion, and pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin in healthy adult male volunteers, Clinical Therapeutics, 25(11), 2003, 2822-35.
[2]. M.H. Davidson, Rosuvastatin: a highly efficacious statin for the treatment of dyslipidemia, Expert opinion on Investigational Drugs, 11(1), 2002, 125-141.
[3]. H. Schuster, Rosuvastatin-a highly effective new 3 hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor: review of clinical trial data at 10-40 mg doses in dyslipidemic patients, Cardiology, 99(3), 2003, 126-139.
[4]. H.B. Brewer Jr, Benefit-risk assessment of Rosuvastatin 10-40 mg, American Journal of Cardiology, 92 (4B), 2003, 23K- 29K.
[5]. The Merck Index, 13th Edition, Merck & Co., Inc., White House Station, NJ, 2004, 3949.
[6]. R.T. Sane, S.S. Kamat, S.N. Menon, S. Inamdar and M. Mote, Determination of rosuvastatin calcium in its bulk drug and pharmaceutical preparations by high-performance thin layer chromatography, Journal of Planar Chromatography, 18(103), 2005, 194–198.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Antibacterial Activity of Phyto Essential Oils on Flaccherie Causing Bacteria in the Mulberry Silk Worm, B.Mori. L |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Akula Sampath || Kuntamalla Sujatha || Aruri Suryam || M.A. Singaracharya |
Abstract: The study was designed to examine the antimicrobial activity of eight essential oils of different concentrations against bacterial species by using disc diffusion technique on nutrient agar media, based on their inhibition zones. The activity of the essential oils was evaluated against Bacillus cereus and Proteus vulgaris which are common pathogens attacking silkworms in our area. The results indicate that all essential oils exhibit antibacterial activity against the silkworm pathogens. Out of the eight oils, cinnamon (8mm), clove oils showed maximum inhibitory effect against gram +ve bacteria while lavender and cinnamon oil followed by other oils against gram – ve bacterial strains. Key Words: Essential oils, Flaccherie, mulberry silkworm, antibacterial activity.
[1]. Patwardhan, B., Vidya, A.DB and Chorghade, M. 2004, Ayurveda and natural products drug discovery, current Sci. 86, 789-799.
[2]. Smid E.J, Gorris LGM, Handbook of food preservation, New York, 1999, Natural antimicrobials for food preservations, pp. 285-308.
[3]. Anyinam (1995) Ecology and ethno medicine: exploring links between current environmental crisis and indigenous medical practices, Soc. SCi. Med 40 (3), pp. 321-329.
[4]. Van de Brack, S.A.A.. J. and Leijten, G.C.J.J. (1999), Essential oils and olcoresins, survey in the Netherlands and other major markets in European Union, CBI, Centre for the promotion of imports from developing counties, Rothurdam, pg-116.
[5]. Samson M.V., Baig M.A., Sharma S.D., BalavenkataSubbaiah, M., Sasidharan, T.D., Jolly M.S., (1990), Survey on the relative incidence of silkworm diseases in Karnataka, Indian J. Seri, 29, pp 248-254.
[6]. Garg S.C. Jain, R.K, (1998), Antimicrobial efficiency of essential oil from , Indian J. Microbial, 38, pp. 169-170.
[7]. Quattara, B., Simaid, R.E., Begin, A., (1977) Antibacterial activity of selected fatty acids and essential oils against six meat sprilag organisms Inter J. food microbial (37) pp. 155-162.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Plasmid Profiles of Multidrug Resistant Clinical Salmonella Isolates From A Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Dawang D.N || Wuyep, P.A. || Lar, P.M. || Onwuliri, F.C. |
Abstract: The Salmonella infection is becoming a serious threat to both developed and developing nations although it is more pronounced in Asia and sub-African nations evident by the recent outbreaks in both Uganda and Tanzania this year. Thus, this study was carried out to ascertain the antibiotic profiles and plasmid profiles of the clinical Salmonella isolates. Ten serogrouped Salmonella isolates were obtained from the Medical Microbiology Department of the Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos, Nigeria. The Salmonella isolates were tested by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method for drug susceptibility according to National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (NCCLS) guidelines. The antibiotics used were Cotrimoxazole (30μg), Streptomycin (30μg), Chloramphenicol (30μg), Sparfloxacin (10μg), Ciprofloxacin (10μg), Ofloxacin (10μg), and Pefloxacin (30μg), Amoxicillin (30μg), Amoxicillin+Calvulanic acid (30μg) and Gentamicin (10μg). The plasmid DNA extraction was carried out in Veterinary Research Institute(NVRI), Vom, Nigeria and was done using Thermo Scientific Gene JetTM Plasmid Miniprep Kit (Promega,USA).
[1]. Scallan E, Hoekstra R.M, Angulo F.J, Tauxe R.V, Widdowson M.A, Roy S.L and et al. Foodborne illness acquired in the United State –Major pathogens. Emergence Infectious Diseases, 2011; 17; 7-15.
[2]. Feasey A, Heyderman S.R,Gordon D.M,Gurdon A.M , Kingsley A.R. Invasive non-typhoidal salmonella disease: an emerging and neglected tropical disease in Africa. Review. 2012; 01-11.
[3]. Smith A.M, Govender N, Keddy K.H.Quinolone-resistant Salmonella typhi in South Africa, 2003-2007. Epidemiology and Infection.2010; 138, 86-90.
[4]. WHO.Emergencies,preparedness, responses.Typhoid fever-uganda,Disease outbreak news.2015.
[5]. (http:www.africa-uganda-bussiness-travel-guide.com/typhoid outbreak-in-Uganda. Retrieved on 20/05/2015).
[6]. Mazodier P, Davies J.Gene transfer transfer between distantly related bacteria. Annual Review Genetics, 1991; 25:147-171 [Pub Med].
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Water Quality Assessment of Coca-Cola Wastewater Reservoir in Maiduguri Borno State Nigeria |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Fabian Zira Lawrence || Abubakar Abdulrahman Kotos |
Abstract: Assessment of monthly variation of some water quality parameters in coca cola wastewater reservoir was conducted fortnightly from July to December 2013. The range of parameter observed for the period of the study were Temperature (22±0.47oC to 28±1.25Co), Conductivity (4.0±0.22 to 5.4±0.37μc/cm), Hydrogen ion (pH) (6.97±0.03 to 7.54±0.33), Dissolved Oxygen (9.9±1.42 to 14.5±1.31mg/l), Alkalinity (9.33±0.46 to 9.86±0.37), Nitrogen (0.84±0.06 to 1.04±0.12mg/l), Ammonia (0.42±0.09 to 0.67±0.00mg/l) and Phosphorus (0.37 to 0.74mg/l) were all significantly different (p<0.05), while Transparency (11.0±0.82 to 17.5±0.36cm) and Free Carbon dioxide (6.3±0.40 to 6.8±0.57mg/l) were not significantly different (p>0.05) within the monthly variables. Variability within the stations shows Temperature, Conductivity, Hydrogen ion (pH), Free Carbon dioxide, Ammonia and Phosphorus not significantly different (p>0.05), while Transparency and Alkalinity were significantly different (p<0.05).
[1]. Absalom, K.V, S.O. Musa, L.E. Akpa and A. Oyindashola (2002). Protozoa diversity in productive fish pond of a tropical Plateau. Journal of Aquatic Sciences 17(2): 109-112
[2]. Abubakar, K. A. (2006). A study of Aspect of Productivity and stock status of Oreochromis niloticus and clarias gariepinus in Lake Geriyo, Yola, Adamawa state, Nigeria. Ph. D. Thesis, Federal University of Technology Yola, Nigeria. 212.
[3]. ACTFR, (2002). Water Quality for sustainable Agriculture NRM wet tropics. Australian Centre for Tropical Freshwater Research.
[4]. Adeniji, H. A. and S. I. Ovie (1990). A simple guide to water quality management in fish pond. Technical report series No. 23 National institute for Freshwater Fisheries research (NIFFRI) New Bussa pp 40-10.
[5]. Alabaster, J. S and R Lloyd (1982): "Water Quality Criteria for Freshwater Fish". FAO and Butter Worths, London 297pp.
[6]. Aminu, R. and B. A. Omoyeni, (2001). Integrated Cultural, Economic and Environmental Requirements for Fish Production in Borno State.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Studies on Medicinally Important Ingredients of Dark Mushroom |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Dr. C.K. Tiwari || Neelima Shukla || Aviral Asaiya |
Abstract: Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal mushroom,has a long history of use for promoting health and longevity in China ,Japan and other asian countries.It is a large,dark mushroom with a glossy exterior and and a woody texture.G.lucidum is unique in that its pharmaceutical rather than nutritional value is paramount. G.lucidum products are available in various forms,such as powders ,dietary supplements and tea. G.lucidum produces a combination of enzymes which have medicinal properties.In this study, four types of G.lucidum strains were taken to produce Cellulase ,Endoglucanase Cx and Exoglucanase C1.This study also describes the quantitative and qualitative estimation of these enzymes .
Keywords: Ganoderma lucidum,Endoglucanase Cx ,-1,4 Exoglucanase C1 enzyme.
[1]. Adaskaveg, J.E.and T.M.Ogawa (1990): Wood decay pathology of fruit & nut trees in California plant. Dis. 74: 341-352.
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[4]. Bakshi. N.K. (1971): Indian Polyporaceae (on trees and timbers) Indian council of Agricultural Res. New Delhi : 276 P.
[5]. Chang, S.T. (2005) : Ganoderma lucidum ( A Leader of medicinal mushroom) A prominent Source for the health care market in 21st centuray.
[6]. Hseu, R.S. (1990). An identification system for cultures of Ganoderma species Ph.D. thesis National Taivan university, Taipee.
[7]. Hseu, R.S. (1997). Recent Advances in Molecular Systematic of the Ganoderma lucidum complex. Third Int. of Conf. on Ganoderma, Japan pp 11-13.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Short-term conservationof a woody climber, Decalepishamiltonii Wight. and Arn. throughin vitro technology |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Pranay Kumar || Anusree Anand |
Abstract: An efficient protocol was developed for short-term conservation of a woody medicinal climber, Decalepishamiltonii, using micropropagated nodal segments. Nodal segments maintained in reduced culture condition and low light intensity (2.97 m-2s-1)and at 100 C. MS medium supplemented with BA(0.886mg/l)+2ip(0.24mg/l) shown highest survival per cent (80%), significantly high shoot length (3.24±0.11), high shoot number/explant (2.6±0.54) and significantly high number of leaves/explant (5.4±1.34) after six months of in-vitro conservation
Keywords: D. hamiltonii, Nodal segments, In vitro, Conservation
[1]. Gamble JS, Fisher CEC. Flora of the presidency of madras, Adlard& Aon Ltd. London.1957. volume-2.
[2]. Pudutha A, Venkatesh K, Chakrapani P, Singh CSB, Kumar P, Roja Rani A. Traditional uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of an Endangered plant –Decalepishamiltonii. Wight and Arn.Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res. 2014. 24 (1): 268-278.
[3]. Nagarajan SL, Rao JM, Gurudatta KN. Chemical composition of the volatiles of Decalepishamiltonii Wight &Arn.Flavour.Frag. J. 2001. 16: 27-29.
[4]. Ragini V, Bharathi K, Prasad KVSRG, Sumalatha G. Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Activities of Decalepishamiltonii Wright &Arn.International Journal of Innovative Pharmaceutical Research. 2010. 1(1): 1-10.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | 51-Nucleotidase Activity In Albino Rats Treated With Talen® Tablets (Sedative) |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Agbafor K. N. || Ossai Emmanuel C. || Engwa G. A. |
Abstract: Sedative drugs have been used in the management and treatment of Insomnia, each produces some undesirable effects by various mechanisms. Talen®, containing the active ingredient; bromazepam has been used to treat insomnia effectively. This research work examined the hepatobiliary effect of the drug (Bromazepam) in albino rats. Twenty adult male albino rats, distributed into five (5) groups (A, B, C, D and E), with four (4) rats in each group were used in the research. Groups A, B, C and D were given oral treatment of 0.02, 0.04, 0.08 and 0.12mg/kg body weight of drug solution respectively, for seven consecutive days, while group E was kept as the control. Treatment of animals with the drug solution resulted to a decrease in physical activity, body weights, feed and water intake relative to the control. Measurement of the total protein concentration in the serum of the animals did not reveal any significant difference (P>0.05) between the test and the control groups. In contrast, the activity of 51-nucleotidase recorded in the treated groups were significantly higher (p<0.05) than the control. These effects varied with the doses. These findings suggested that Talen® may be toxic to the hepatobiliary system as revealed by increase in 51-Nucleotidase levels.
Keywords: Tallen, sedative drugs, 51-Nucleotidase levels and hepatobiliary system
[1]. Agarwal, R.A., Lapierre, Y.D., Rastog,i R.B., Singhal, R.L. (2006). "Alterations in brain 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism during the 'withdrawal' phase after chronic treatment with diazepam and bromazepam". Britain Journal Pharmacology. 60 (1): 3–9. Allain, H.,
[2]. Allan, A.M., Baier, L.D., Zhang, X. (2008). "Effects of lorazepam tolerance and withdrawal on GABAA receptor-operated chloride channels". Journal of Pharmacology. 261 (2): 395–402.
[3]. Busto, U., Sellers, E.M. (2013). "Pharmacokinetic determinants of drug abuse and dependence. A conceptual perspective". Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 11 (2): 144–153.
[4]. Buysse, F., Daniel, J. (2008). "Chronic Insomnia". American Journal of Psychiatry. 165 (6): 678–86.
[5]. Chang, F.C., Yi, P.L., Tsai, C.H., Chen, Y.C (2007). "Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor mediates suanzaorentang, a traditional Chinese herb remedy, -induced sleep alteration". Journal Biomedical Science. 14 (2): 285–97.
[6]. Chouinard, G., Labonte, A., Fontaine, R., Annable, L. (2009). "New concepts in benzodiazepine therapy: rebound anxiety and new indications for the more potent benzodiazepines". Neuropsychopharmacol of Psychiatry. 7 (4–6): 669–73.
[7]. Cunha, M., Portela, C., Bastos, V.H. (December 2008). "Responsiveness of Sensorimotor Cortex during Pharmacological Intervention with Bromazepam". Neuroscience Letter. 448 (1): 33–6.
[8]. Golub, R.M. (2012). "Insomnia". The Journal of the American Medical Association. 307 (24):2653–2653.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Creatine Kinase Activity In Albino Rats Administered With Ibuprofen (ANALGESIC) |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Agbafor K. N. || Ossai Emmanuel C. || Obiudu I.K. |
Abstract: Ibuprofen, 2-(4-isobutylphenyl) propanoic acid is an analgesic used in the treatment of different types of body pains. The effect of the drug on creatine kinase activity in albino rats was investigated. The twenty (20) albino rats were divided into five groups (A, B, C, D and E) with four rats each. Group A, B, C and D were treated orally with 0.4, 0.8, 2.4 and 3.6mg/kg body weight of Ibuprofen drug sample respectively for seven consecutive days while group E acted as the control. The average body weight decreased in the test groups while control group gained weight. The treatment of animals with the sample did not produce any significant difference in total protein concentration of the treated and control groups. The creatine kinase levels in the serum of the treated groups were significantly higher than in the control. The effect of creatine kinase level was found to be dose dependent.
Keywords: Ibuprofen, creatine kinase, total protein and analgesic.
[1]. Backonja, A. A. and Rowbotham, C. E. (2011). Neurotherapy and pain associated with it. Pharmacological Therapy, 107(5): 1 - 40.
[2]. Baldwin, E. R. (2000). An Introduction to Comparative Biochemistry. Cambridge University Press, New York, 270-279.
[3]. Body, R. P., Pemberton, P. N. and Jones, N. C. (2011). Low Soluble P-section may Facilitate Early Exclusion of Acute Myocardial Infarction. Clinical Chemical, 52: 614-618.
[4]. Bosh, F. R. (2008). The Contributions of Paul Ehirlich to Pharmacology. A tribute on the occasion of the centenary of his Noble Prize. Pharmacology, 82(3): 171-179.
[5]. Catella-Lawson, M. M. (2001). Interaction of Central Analgesic, Tramadol with the uptake and release of 5-OH triptamine in rat brain invitro. British Journal of Pharmacology.
[6]. Conagham, P. G. (2012). "A turbulent decade for NSAIDs update on current concept of classification, epidemology, and toxicity". Rheumatology international, 32(6):1491 - 502.
[7]. Dave, G. E. (2004). Mechanism of action of analgesic. Clinical Chimica. Acta, 514-518.
[8]. Fendrick, A. M. (2002). Assessing the gastrointestinal complications of over-the-counter analgesics. American Journal of Family Practice Recertification. 27:9-15.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Comparative Analysis Of The Vitamin Composition Of Two Different Species Of Garden Egg (Solanum Aethiopicum And Solanum Macrocarpon). |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | C.E. Offor || S.U. Igwe || C.O. Egwu |
Abstract: The vitamin contents of two species of garden egg, Solanumaethiopicum and Solanummacrocarpon, were determined using specrophotometric methods. The Solanum aethiopicum recorded higher concentrations (mg/100g) of retinol (53.550±0.55), calciferol (0.010±0.00), tocopherol (0.310±0.00), thiamine (0.037±0.00) and riboflavin (0.034±0.00) while Solanum macrocarpon contained higher amount (mg/100g) of ascorbic acid (2.400±0.00). The niacin contents of both species were relatively the same. Solanum aethiopicum could serve a better source of vitamins than Solanum macrocarpon.
Keywords: Vitamins, Solanum aethiopicum and solanum macrocarpon.
[1]. Achikanu C.E., Eze P.E., Ude C.M. and Ugwuokolie O.C. (2013). Determination of vitamin and mineral composition of common leafy vegetables in southern Nigeria.International Journal of current Microbilogy and Applied Sciences, 2: 347-353.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | The protective role of vitamin c against the hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effect of meloxicam in male mice |
| Country | : | Iraq |
| Authors | : | Manal Yuonis Ahmad || Janan H.Abdul-Fattah || Falah Mohammed Aziz |
Abstract: An ameliorating effect of vitamin C on the toxic effect of meloxicam, a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug was studied by evaluating biochemical parameters, histopathological changes in liver and kidney of mice. A total of forty male mice were divided in four experimental groups each comprising of ten mice Meloxicam toxicity was induced by oral feeding of meloxicam at 0.4 mg/kg in G3 and G4 respectively for 28 days. Group G4 was fed with 0.4mg/kg body weight of meloxicam along with 350 mg/kg body weight of vitamin C. Group G1 serve as control while group G2 was fed only vitamin C at 350 mg/kg body weight. Tissue alkaline phosphatase(ALP), alanine transaminase(ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) were found elevated in meloxicam treated groups and indicated hepatotoxic activity of meloxicam.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Faunal Diversity of Ajmer Aravalis Lepidoptera Butterflies |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Dr Rashmi Sharma |
Abstract:Ajmer is located in the center of Rajasthan (INDIA) between 25 0 38 " and 26 0 58 " north 75 0 22" east longitude covering a geographical area of about 8481sq km hemmed in all sides by Aravalli hills . About 7 miles from the city is Pushcart lake created by the touch of lord Brahma. The Dargah of khawaja Moinuddin chisti is holiest shrine next to Mecca in the world.
Ajmer is abode of certain flora and fauna that are particularly endemic to semi-arid and are specially adapted to survive in the dry waterless region of the state. Lepidoptera integument covered with scales forming colored patterns. Availability of butterflies were more during the sunny hours and population seemed to be Confined to the sunlit areas.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Comparison of Fitness Traits between Reciprocal Hybrids and Parentals of Clarias Gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) and Heterobranchus Bidorsalis (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1809) |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Ola-Oladimeji, F.A. |
Abstract: This study determined the viability performance of the hybrids produced from the crosses between Clarias gariepinus and Heterobranchus bidorsalis. Crosses were carried out on the parents; ♀ C. gariepinus x ♂ C. gariepinus, ♀ H. bidorsalis x ♂ H. bidorsalis, and for the hybrids; ♀ C. gariepinus x ♂ H. bidorsalis and ♀ H. bidorsalis x ♂ C. gariepinus. Fitness characteristics for the parental and reciprocal crosses of the fish species were determined on 30 hatchlings, for the first four weeks. The average percentage survival of the hybrids derived from the crosses between ♀ C. gariepinus and ♂ H. bidorsalis were significantly higher (77.38±5.37%) than that of the parental progenies and the reciprocal hybrid progenies of ♀ H. bidorsalis and ♂ C. gariepinus with 71.25±3.20% at p<0.05.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Purification of Chebulinic acid from the Composition of Medicinal herbs by Column Chromatography |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | DV Surya Prakash || Dr. Meena Vangalapati |
Abstract: Chebulinic acid is a phenolic compound and found in the medicinal herbs like fruits of Terminalia chebula, Amla and Longan seeds. The objectives of this work were extraction of chebulinic acid from the composition of medicinal herbs by Soxhlet extraction and purify the chebulinic acid by using Column chromatography. From the Soxhlet extraction the chebulinic acid concentration was 8.8 mg/ml and it was increased to 9.2 mg/ml from the Column chromatography. The purity of chebulinic acid was improved by Column chromatography.
Keywords: Chebulinic acid, Soxhlet extraction, Column chromatography, Terminalia chebula, Amla, Longan
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[3]. Di Bei, Leon Xie, Kai Lu, Kenneth Chan, Sujit Basu and Zhongfa Liu. Determination of chebulagic acid and chebulinic acid and their pharmacokinetics in mouse, Journal of Cancer Research, 73, 2013, 4879-4882.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Checklist of Long legged fly: (Insecta: Diptera: Empidoidea: Dolichopodidae) of India |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Abesh Chakraborty || Panchannan Parui || Dhriti Banrejee |
Abstract: A first attempt for checklist of the Dipteran family Dolichopodidae of India, which according to current lituratures and museum specimens of National Zoological collection of India comprises of 148 species in 8 subfamilies and 28 generas.
Keywords: Checklist, Oriental, Taxonomy, Biodiversity, Inventory, India diptera.
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